From Information Technology & People Khakurel, J., Melkas, H., & Porras, J. (2018)

1. From Information Technology & People
Khakurel, J., Melkas, H., & Porras, J. (2018)
Presenter ：CHEN,YOU-SHENG (Shane) 2022/01/21
Tapping into the
wearable device revolution
in the work environment:
a systematic review

2. JCR
For Information Technology & People
JIF=3.879
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1

3. Vocabularies 1/2
P. English Chinese
791 exclusion and inclusion
criteria
排除或納入標準
791 occupational stress 職場壓力
791 detrimental 有害
791 physical well-being 身體健康
791 depression 憂鬱
792 fatigue 疲勞
792 commercial off-the-
shelf (COTS)
商用現貨
792 proof of concept (PoC) 概念驗證
793 Neo-Taylorism 新泰勒主義
793 neoliberal 新自由主義
P. English Chinese
793 corporeal capitalism 物質資本主義
793 invasion of privacy 侵犯隱私
793 phenomenon 現象
794 Research question(RQ) 研究問題
794 PICO=
population, intervention ,
comparison, control or c
omparator ,outcome(s)
母體
介入
對照
結果
794 omitted 省略
795 search terms 搜索條件
796 consolidated 整理過的
796 peer-reviewed 同儕共審
797 marine sectors 海運部門
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4. Vocabularies 2/2
P. English Chinese
798 objective assessment 客觀的評估
798 alleviated 減輕
798 lower back pain 腰痛
798 hydraulic 水力的
798 exoskeletons 外骨骼
800 sedentary 久坐
800 EEG device 腦電圖儀器
800 EMG sensor 肌電圖檢查裝置
802 posture 姿勢
804 spinal stability 脊椎穩定性
804 lumbar viscoelastic 腰椎黏彈性
P. English Chinese
804 insurers 承保人
804 regulators 監管者
804 institution 制度上的
805 conceptualization 範本
805 rugged 嚴峻的
805 costlier 代價高
805 Cyber-sickness 暈屏症
806 demoralising 削弱自信
806 sousveillance 逆向監視
807 hinder 阻礙
807 jeopardise 危及
807 physiolytics 生理解析裝置
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5. CONTENTS
Introduction Related work Methods
Results
1.Discussion and
research agenda
Conclusion
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6. The evolution of technologies has dramatically reshaped the work
environment in recent decades
 increasing the likelihood of occupational
injuries and illness (Dembe et al., 2005)
 cause depression, anxiety, sleep
disturbances, chronic heart disease
(Bannai and Tamakoshi, 2014)
 cause chronic stress disease (Muaremi
et al., 2013)
 well-being can negatively affect both
workers and organizations (Danna and
Griffin, 1999)
Introduction
Manual
labor
Physically
active duties
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7. There is a need to improve health and safety to benefit both a company and
its employees
 Wearable technology could be immediately
useful in work environments (Ferraro and
Ugur, 2011)
 The potential for improving productivity,
efficiency, connectivity, health and wellness
(PricewaterhouseCoopers B.V., 2014)
 Systematic literature review (SLR) provide an
overview of trends and patterns related to
the usage of wearable technologies in work
environments (Kitchenham and Charters, 2007)
Introduction
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
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8. Both the benefits and negative implications of wearable technology discussed
in recent years by other researchers
Related work
2007 Dunne et al.
Wearable devices can beneficially improve health, safety and
well-being in the work environment
2016 Glance et al.
Participants increased their level of activity and maintained at least
10,000 steps a day during the study period
2007 Lavallière et al. Can leverage interventions to improve health, safety and well-being
2013 Muaremi et al.
Can ensure better results than asking people about their moods in
interviews or letting them fill out questionnaires
2016 Zenonos et al.
Make better decisions about how to reduce the stress and fatigue of
their employees
2014 Chu et al.
Wearable robots effectively improve the health and safety of
employees while assisting them in the shipbuilding work environment
2016 Baka and Uzunoglu Can monitor electrical voltage and warn workers if it is too high
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9. Both the benefits and negative implications of wearable technology discussed
in recent years by other researchers
Related work
2014
Marcengo
and Rapp
“Quantified-self” can raise concerns about privacy risks and ethical issues
2014 Lupton
Can have political and social justice implications because employees must
participate in the imposed self-tracking
2015 Moore
Wearable and other self-tracking devices are part of an emerging form of
Neo-Taylorism
2015
2014
Moore
Lupton
The benefit of quantification lies with employers rather than employees because
employees have control over both the data and the devices
2013 Lupton
Intervention can raise significant implications for employees in terms of
individual responsibility, self-belief, invasion of privacy and discrimination
2015 Lupton
If not utilizing correctly , the author feels these technologies can cause social
disadvantages and poor health outcomes
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10. Systematic literature review (SLR)
Methods
2007
Kitchenham
and
Charters
As a “means of identifying, analyzing
and interpreting all available data
relevant to the particular research
question (RQ) or topic area, or phenom
enon of interest” in an unbiased way
2015 Steiger et al.
An efficient way to select the best
available research and facilitates research
approaches by identifying current
existing research gaps and study
limitations
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11. SLR- Planning the review
• To find any existing SLRs summarizing different categories of wearables and their
mode of use ➔ no specific summary about the current state of the research
• RQs based on the objectives of the study were formulated
Methods
2006
2007
Petticrew and Roberts
Kitchenham and Charters
To suggest using the PICO framework to formulate the SLR RQs
2007 Greenes
The PICO review criteria serve as a sieve through which only the
studies most likely to be relevant will be retrieved and analyzed
2016
2014
James et al.
Oriol et al.
The general idea of PICO is to organize the search strategy
2014 Oriol et al. The comparison is more a kind of general analysis of the field
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12. SLR- Planning the review
For our purposes, population was the work environment and the employees
within it, whereas intervention was the wearable technology
Methods
RQ1
• What types of wearable technology for use in the work environment does
the literature mention?
RQ2
• How do companies and employees benefit from the use of wearable
technology?
RQ3
• What challenges to the use of wearable devices remain, and what areas
require further investigation?
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13. SLR- Conducting the review
• Using search strings on scientific libraries and databases was necessary
• The importance of screening an initial set of articles by applying inclusion criteria
(IC) and exclusion criteria (EC) (Kitchenham and Charters, 2007)
Methods
Figure 1. Search string formulation process
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14. SLR- Conducting the review
 IC1: publication date between 1/1/2000 and 06/30/2016;
 IC2: includes answers to at least one of the RQs,
determined by reading the title and abstract;
 IC3: includes if the conducted study was related to using
wearable technology in a work environment;
 IC4: written in English;
 EC1: limited discussion about wearables, which was
determined by reading the title and abstract;
 EC2: not covering the enhancement of work environment
productivity; and
 EC3: technical documentation or reports.
Methods
Article selection process
Second step
ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore,
ScienceDirect and Web of Science
First step
(“wearable*” or “wearable device*” or “wearable
computing” or “wearable technology*”) AND (“work
environment*” or “work”) AND (“benefit*” or
“advantage*”) AND (“publication year W2000”)
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15. SLR- Conducting the review
Methods
Figure 2. Flow diagram of the search procedure
• The initial automated search
retrieved 359 articles
• From IEEE Xplore, 166; the ACM
Digital Library, 7; Science Direct,
181; and Web of Science, 5
• 34 studies were selected for data
extraction (DE) and analysis
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16. • The significant number of papers
in conferences and journals is an
indicator that the concept has
started to get consolidated
(Hosseini et al. (2015)
• 50% of the research articles came
to empirical conclusions through
experimental results
• The domains number of results
related to the agriculture, retail,
design, electrical and mining
industries were limited
Results
Figure 3. Descriptive statistics on types of articles, public
ations and domains of the selected papers
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17. RQ1- types of wearable technology for use in the work environment
• The identification of 23 types of wearable device categories in relevant papers.
• For this SLR, were categorized five ways (distribution 23 types, repeat 6 types)
Results
Monitoring, 18 Assisting, 2 Augmenting, 2
Tracking, 5
Delivering
content, 2
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18. Results
Figure 4. The categorization framework of wearable technology types
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19. RQ1- types of wearable technology (Monitoring)
Results
2017 Asimakopoulos et al. Using wearable devices has the potential to engage employees
2010
2012
2013
2015
2016
2009
2016
2011
Setz et al.
Milosevic et al.
Muaremi et al.
Shirouzu et al.
Lavallière et al.
Kim et al.
Chen and Kamara
To give employers opportunities to monitor the work- related stress,
mood , individual and social behavior and progress of employees
• Zenonos et al. (2016) uses wearable fitness and activity monitoring sensors for
mood recognition of employees in the work environment through a mood
recognition framework (2hr time interval, 70.6% accuracy) ➔
The employer can take decisions to increase positive and reduce the negative
moods of the employees
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20. RQ1- types of wearable technology (Assisting)
Results
2015 Mänty et al.
Repeated and increased exposure to adverse physical working conditions
was associated with a greater decline in physical health functioning
over time
2016 Andersen et al.
Frequent occupational lifting and consecutive workdays are associated
with increased lower back pain among workers.
2014 Farioli et al. To active and high-strain jobs are associated with musculoskeletal pain
2014
2013
Chu et al.
Luo and Yu
Some of the reviewed studies analyze hydraulic- and electric-powered
exoskeletons that assist workers with lifting heavy loads and control workers’
posture
• Lower back and musculoskeletal pain problems are alleviated by utilising assisting
wearable devices in the work environment
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21. RQ1- types of wearable technology (Augmenting)
Results
2016
2013
Lavallière et al.
Leinonen et al.
They find employers can improve
employee performance by initiating
training tools with augmenting devices
2016
2013
2015
2012
Lavallière et al.
Leinonen et al.
Ranatunga et al.
Alam et al.
Nee et al.
Employers can also use the AR devices
for productivity, remote guidance,
health and safety improvement,
industrial design and maintenance
work
This Photo by Unknown Author is license
d under CC BY
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22. RQ1- types of wearable technology (Delivering content )
Results
2011 Chen and Kamara
A wearable can provide just-in-time information currently impossible
with paper, on-site construction processes
• Wearable devices allow employers to deliver materials, and enable users to read,
listen to or watch content provided by third parties
RQ1- types of wearable technology (Tracking)
2016 Uzunoglu
The devices can be used to track workers and inform them about
dangerous areas to avoid.
2016 Zenonos et al.
The tracked physical activity data helps employers with the early
detection of work-related issues such as negative moods
2014 Nikayin et al.
to identify health issues among employees in order to offer specialized
prevention programmes
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23. Results
1. Monitoring psychological and physiological factors of employees
RQ2- How do companies and employee's benefit
Many employers remain unaware of the physio-social and physical stress levels of their employees
2015 Kritzler et al.
A significant benefit of wearable technology involves actively monitoring
employees and having access to the data collected by those devices
2016 Zenonos et al.
The employers can understand the general feeling of the work
environment
2015 Singh et al. To courage employees to be more active in their day-to-day life
2014 Nikayin et al.
To predict the health issues of employees and take active steps toward
assisting them
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24. Results
2. Enhancing operational efficiency
3. Collaborating
RQ2- How do companies and employee's benefit
The employers can utilize wearable devices to deliver content
2012
2013
2015
KNee et al.
Leinonen et al.
Ranatunga et al.
Alam et al.
Employees can then easily access the delivered content in various
media forms, allowing them to look up information, answer customer
questions, identify faults or make decisions on location or in remote
settings
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To collaborate on projects with employees working in other locations
2013 Ranatunga et al.
The images can be imposed on real-world surfaces for the guided
person to see and interact with using diverse types of touch gestures

25. Results
4. Promoting work environment safety and security
5. Performing industrial design
RQ2- How do companies and employee's benefit
Safety and security can be improved with accurate monitoring through the use of wearables
2015 Yang and Shen
It is possible to detect dangerous working spots using data collected
from wearable devices
2016
Baka and
Uzunoglu
The wearables can be used to detect and warn users when a voltage
hazard exists
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Can provide new levels of exposure to industrial designing
2013 Leinonen et al. Creating construction plans, blueprints, building information modelling
2012 Nee et al. AR can be used in manufacturing workplaces to help with maintenance

26. Results
6. Improving workers’ health
RQ2- How do companies and employee's benefit
• Maintaining a correct working posture is essential
in many jobs
• It’s confirmed that the devices improved work efficiency
and seemed to help prevent muscular issues
2013 Luo and Yu
This device reduces the strain from a
stooping posture and prevents the
risks of having a lower back disorder
2014 Chu et al.
experimented with wearable robots
(exoskeletons) to improve workers’
health while shipbuilding
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This Photo by Unknown Author is
licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

27. Results
1. Technological challenges
RQ3- What challenges and what areas require further investigation?
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Device
characteristics
• Battery life does not
sufficiently on work site
(Chen and Kamara, 2011)
• Any device designed for
all age groups might
provide other usability
challenges (Kritzler et al.
,2015)
Technological readiness
• PoC devices use various
sensors and prototypes
• AR still lacks precision and
accuracy (Nee et al. ,2012)
• Different for each individual
(Luo and Yu ,2013)
Data security
• Potential cost savings
for enterprises, mobile
workforce opportunities
and increase in Bring
Your Own Device
strategies (Durkin and
Lokshina ,2015)

28. Results
2. Social challenges
3. Policy-related
RQ3- What challenges and what areas require further investigation?
Many studies identify violation of privacy as a major issue
2015 Kritzler et al.
The workers have concerns about how the features wearable technology
has can be accessed and used without their knowledge
2016 Lavallière et al. The Research should be undertaken in the domain of privacy concerns
2014 Nikayin et al. Employers or insurers have access to the data it raises ethical questions
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Can influence the adoption of wearable devices
2014 Nikayin et al.
The inevitable sharing of personal health data between collaborators
compromises privacy

29. Results
4. Policies and standards set by regulator
5. Economic challenges
RQ3- What challenges and what areas require further investigation?
Raises some concern about the complexity and cost of integrating wearable devices
2011 Chen and Kamara Cost is one of the factors
2014 Nikayin et al.
Requiring the conceptualization of a new business model more
likely to succeed
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How institutional settings can influence the implementation and adoption of the services based
on wearable technology
2014 Ejiaku
Governments should provide strategic policy frameworks for the
acquisition and use of IT for social and economic growth

30. Results
6. Data challenges
RQ3- What challenges and what areas require further investigation?
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Who has the right to use data in which way still have to be dealt with
2014 Nikayin et al.
Wearable devices generate a large amount of health-relevant data that
can be collected and analyzed by different service providers
This Photo by Un
known Author is l
icensed under CC
BY-SA-NC

31. Monitoring
 Monitoring can be used to determine the causes of stress and to limit them by
understanding the general feeling of the work environment
 It may be possible to detect illnesses and obtain proper treatment before those
illnesses progress
 The use of wearable devices can improve the safety of work environments and
increase productivity
Discussion and research agenda
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32. Devices’ characteristics
 The SLR revealed that several COTS and PoC wearable categories
 It may not always be possible to use COTS devices in work environments
 The organizations have to employ rugged devices suitable for harsh environmental
conditions
 Wearability is an important characteristic of wearable devices
Discussion and research agenda
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33. Privacy concern
 Limiting the creation of new knowledge, increasing dependency on technology
and experts, and demoralizing users due to a lack of relevant information
presented by interpreting quantified data and decreasing privacy
 Sousveillance: a form of inverse surveillance in which people monitor the
surveillors without employees’ consent – either via pushed or imposed self-
tracking (Fernback, 2013)
 Although geo-data tracing collects user data anonymously, it can still involve a
breach of privacy, as the information can be associated with the identity of the
individual (Paul and Irvine, 2014)
Discussion and research agenda
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34. Privacy concern
 Future research should seek to determine
which privacy concerns affect the employees
and how these concerns influence their
behavioral responses
 Should include empirical research to
examine which of the 3 factors
1) the nature of the data
2) the technology involved
3) the voluntariness of handing over
otherwise private information to
third parties
Discussion and research agenda
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

35. Large amount of data
 4 Challenges
1) Information ecology: how data will be collected and for which purposes
collected data will be used
2) Data literacy: who has the skills and abilities to analyze, interpret
quantified data and provide feedback to the employees
3) Data ownership and sharing: who owns the data; are those data shared with
any other parties
4) Data security: what kind of security measures will be taken to protect
against internally unauthorized access by other employees and to protect
externally against hackers
Discussion and research agenda
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36. o Utilizing wearable technology in the work environment to improve the
health and safety of employees is a relatively new concept
o This paper is the first SLR on the topic
o Both the benefits and negative implications of wearable technology
o They may revolutionize the work environment for the mutual
benefit of employees and employers
o Legal, social and ethical implications must be concern, which could
lead to reduced productivity and efficiency
Conclusion
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37. Thank you

38. 1. Khakurel, J., Melkas, H. and Porras, J. (2018), "Tapping into the wearable device revolution in the
work environment: a systematic review", Information Technology & People, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp.
791-818. / Download form https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ITP-03-2017-
0076/full/html
2. PPT template- Hand wearing elegant smartwatch PowerPoint Templates from https://www.free-
powerpoint-templates-design.com/hand-wearing-elegant-smartwatch-powerpoint-templates/
3. P5. Microsoft Stock images (royalty-free images)
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