This document discusses paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) for on-site applications. It provides an overview of why μPADs are useful, noting they are inexpensive, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, and can provide rapid results without needing additional equipment. Common fabrication methods for μPADs are described such as wax printing, inkjet printing, photolithography, and laser treatment. Specific fabrication techniques like wax printing and inkjet printing are discussed in more detail regarding their advantages and disadvantages. Applications of μPADs are reviewed like biochemical, immunological, molecular, and environmental detection. The document concludes that literature has shown μPADs can be used for various detection methods.

1. kfupm.edu.sa
Paper-based disposable analytical devices for on-
site applications
Name: Shuaib Ahmed Mubarak
ID : 201708650

2. why paper based analytical devices.
μPAD
In expensive
Sensitive
Specific
User-friendly
Rapid and robust
Equibment free
Delivarable to
end user
Biologically
compatible
Paper
Capillary action
Biocompatible
Thin and flexible
Easy and cheap
manufacture
Hyrophilicity
High surface area
Easy to fabricate

3. Fabrication methods
Wax printing
Inkjet printing
Photolithography
Feloxothogrpahy
Laser treatment
Plotting
Stamping

4. Wax printing
Advantages
 Simple method
 Rapid process
 Adequate for most μPADs
 Hydrophilic wax channels not
exposed to polymers or solvents
Disadvantages
 Expensive wax
 Extra heating step after deposition
 Design of patterns must account
for wax spreading

5. Ink jet printing
Advantages
 Produce large scale fast and simple
 Uses cheap patterning agents
 Reagents easily inkjet printed
Disadvantages
 Requires custom inject printer
 Can be slow
 hydrophilic areas exposed to polymers

6. Photolithography
Advantages
 high resolution of microfluidic
Channels
 sharp barriers
 Rapid method
Disadvantages
 Requires expensive equipment;
 complex steps
 expensive reagents
 Vulnerable to bending

7. Fabrication methods of 3D μPAD

8. Applications
(Gabriel et al. 2017)

9. Color scale for visual detection of tear glucose levels.
(Gabriel et al. 2017)

10. (Lopez-Ruiz et al. 2014)

11. Microfluidic device with the
reagents placed in each
sensing area
(Lopez-Ruiz et al. 2014)

12. Conclusion
Based on the literature review paper based
analytical devises is used in :
 Biochemical detection
 Immunological detection
 Molecular detection
 Environmental detection
 Other detection methods

13. References
[1] D. D. Liana, B. Raguse, J. Justin Gooding, and E. Chow, “Recent
advances in paper-based sensors,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 9,
pp. 11505–11526, 2012.
[2] Y. He, Y. Wu, J. Z. Fu, and W. Bin Wu, “Fabrication of paper-
based microfluidic analysis devices: a review,” RSC Adv., vol. 5, no. 95,
pp. 78109–78127, 2015.
[3] Y. Yang, E. Noviana, M. P. Nguyen, B. J. Geiss, D. S. Dandy, and
C. S. Henry, “Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices: Emerging Themes and
Applications,” Anal. Chem., vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 71–91, 2017.
[4] D. M. Cate, J. A. Adkins, J. Mettakoonpitak, and C. S. Henry,
“Recent Developments in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices,” Anal.
Chem., vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 19–41, 2015.
[5] Y. Xia, J. Si, and Z. Li, “Fabrication techniques for microfluidic
paper-based analytical devices and their applications for biological
testing: A review,” Biosens. Bioelectron., vol. 77, pp. 774–789, 2016.