Paper and Presentation Choose any one of the following topics: · Web 2.0 · Grid Computing · Big Data · Green Computing · Cloud Computing · Data Center For your selected topic, your paper should cover the following aspect: i. Describe the technology ii. Describe current status (i.e. Advantages, disadvantages , challenges etc) iii. Its effect on the current Industry iv. At least two examples of organizations that are using and/or adopted the ethnology successfully and how. v. Reference list (MLA Style) The paper should be around 500 Words. While you will be using multiple sources for information, the words on the paper should be your own. In other words, describe the phenomenon in your own words. Your presentation should be on the paper you wrote. Your presentation should have about 5-10 slides. Please make sure you are mentioning all the team members’ name on the title slide. It is important that every member of the team (if you are working in a team) participate equally in the paper and presentation. SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 1 Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 4. Evaluate patterns of behavior through sociological skills and theory. 4.1 Plan a breaching experiment. 4.2 Execute a breaching experiment. 6. Explain how social structure shapes an individual’s life chances. Reading Assignment Chapter 6: Deviance Unit Lesson Norms and Social Control Social interaction describes the behaviors of two or more people whereby there is reciprocal influence when in contact with one another. Think about the last time you went out to eat. You engaged in interaction with your dining partner(s) and with the server, and indirectly with the chef. Did you interact solely based on how you like to act? Did you wear clothing based on what is comfortable (e.g., did you wear clothing)? Did you bring your own soda? How you answer these questions depends somewhat on the influence you wish to have on others, as well as your adherence to social control and norms. In Unit II, you read about Erving Goffman’s ideas on presentation of self. We will expand on these ideas as we discuss some of the micro-interactions that create social structure. Goffman, a Canadian sociologist, developed what he called Dramaturgy to analyze social behavior. He viewed interaction as analogous to the stage, arguing that we are all actors on stage, playing various parts/roles in a performance to convince others of who we are. You have probably heard the quote from Shakespeare, “All the world’s a stage.” According to Goffman, we actively try to control people’s impressions of ourselves on that stage every time we are in the presence of others. Sociologists refer to the ways we manipulate impressions as impression management. We manage our interactions by first managing the situation in which we find ourselves. To do this, we define the situation for our fel.

1. Paper and Presentation
Choose any one of the following topics:
· Web 2.0
· Grid Computing
· Big Data
· Green Computing
· Cloud Computing
· Data Center
For your selected topic, your paper should cover the following
aspect:
i. Describe the technology
ii. Describe current status (i.e. Advantages, disadvantages ,
challenges etc)
iii. Its effect on the current Industry
iv. At least two examples of organizations that are using and/or
adopted the ethnology successfully and how.
v. Reference list (MLA Style)
The paper should be around 500 Words. While you will be using
multiple sources for information, the words on the paper should
be your own. In other words, describe the phenomenon in your
own words.
Your presentation should be on the paper you wrote. Your
presentation should have about 5-10 slides.
Please make sure you are mentioning all the team members’
name on the title slide.
It is important that every member of the team (if you are
working in a team) participate equally in the paper and
presentation.

2. SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
4. Evaluate patterns of behavior through sociological skills and
theory.
4.1 Plan a breaching experiment.
4.2 Execute a breaching experiment.
6. Explain how social structure shapes an individual’s life
chances.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 6:
Deviance
Unit Lesson
Norms and Social Control
Social interaction describes the behaviors of two or more people
whereby there is reciprocal influence when
in contact with one another. Think about the last time you went
out to eat. You engaged in interaction with
your dining partner(s) and with the server, and indirectly with

3. the chef. Did you interact solely based on how
you like to act? Did you wear clothing based on what is
comfortable (e.g., did you wear clothing)? Did you
bring your own soda? How you answer these questions depends
somewhat on the influence you wish to have
on others, as well as your adherence to social control and
norms.
In Unit II, you read about Erving Goffman’s ideas on
presentation of self. We will expand on these ideas as
we discuss some of the micro-interactions that create social
structure.
Goffman, a Canadian sociologist, developed what he called
Dramaturgy to analyze social behavior. He
viewed interaction as analogous to the stage, arguing that we
are all actors on stage, playing various
parts/roles in a performance to convince others of who we are.
You have probably heard the quote from
Shakespeare, “All the world’s a stage.” According to Goffman,
we actively try to control people’s impressions
of ourselves on that stage every time we are in the presence of
others. Sociologists refer to the ways we
manipulate impressions as impression management.
We manage our interactions by first managing the situation in
which we find ourselves. To do this, we define
the situation for our fellow actors. Doing so results in having
some control over how the situation will proceed
based on our definition.
Of course, it is possible there will be a larger defining situation
that engulfs our own interaction. For example,
if you are at a business meeting, the stage and script are
somewhat set. You are not likely to attempt to turn it
into a picnic when others are already accepting the meeting

4. definition.
However, you do have some control, and how you wield it will
determine your actions. At the meeting, you
can manage how others view you by performing your role in a
specific way. If you want others to think that
you are smart and motivated, you will be sure to offer
suggestions and take on responsibilities, thereby
defining for others (including your boss) who you are. Notice
that your actions here are role-taking, because
the behaviors attached to a smart, motivated, businessperson are
already set in place and are part of the
macro social structure. Additionally, you are conforming to that
structure by re-creating the behaviors
associated with the role.
UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE
Micro Structures and
Deviant Behavior
SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
We are all actors who intentionally try to sell others on the
image we want to convey. To do this, we use
several tools(called props, appearance, and manner) in ways

5. that are conducive to our role. For example, in
the above case of a business meeting, you would wear business
attire and bring your laptop and any
pertinent files necessary to complete your role at the meeting.
You would also make sure that your behavior
was businesslike and your tone serious.
Notice that within these microstructures, people have some
autonomy to change their actions. In the above
example, you might have decided not to accept the role of
businessperson and walked into the meeting
wearing shorts and a t-shirt, asking who wants to play tennis.
Would that change the interaction between your
coworkers and you? Of course it would. Would it be a lasting
change for business meetings around the
country? It would not, not unless others chose to do a similar
thing. The point is that a change to structure is
possible because we create and re-create structure every day. By
conforming to the set structure, we tacitly
agree that we approve of the structure.
Deviant Behavior
In sociology, deviance is any behavior that does not conform to
norms. Deviant behavior does not meet the
expectations of a group or a society as a whole. By this point in
the semester, it should be evident that we
have many mechanisms built into our social life that bring about
conformity. The largest among these
mechanisms is the socialization process itself.
Almost from birth, we teach our children what society expects
of them and the sanctions brought to bear when
children fail to meet the expectations. We expect children to
conform to the customs and traditions of their
group. They also learn a system of values that provides

6. justification and motivation for wanting to do certain
types of things that meet the approval of parents. Likewise, we
teach values for wanting to refrain from
behavior that would merit disapproval. Socialization results in
the development of a system of internal or self-
controls—a self-regulating conscience, a superego, or me—that
incorporates the internalized values and
norms of parents and peers. For example, many people value the
ideals of “do no harm.” For some, “do unto
others” is an internal pressure to not be hurtful to others.
In addition to internal controls, conformity is encouraged
through external mechanisms. Society dislikes
people going fast through school zones. To encourage
conformity in school zones, having to pay speeding
fines exceeds the benefits of speeding. We choose to go the
speed limit, not because we dislike speeding,
but because there is a law in place that results in a really big
monetary fine.
Thus, each day, every person experiences pressures to meet the
expectations of others. Over time, these
obligations become part of the structure of society. The
obligations are to those in our primary and secondary
groups, as well as to formal groups such as corporations,
unions, professional associations, and churches.
Sanctions for not fulfilling these obligations vary depending on
to whom we owe the obligations, and to the
degree of importance that the obligations hold to society. For
example, not fulfilling an obligation to a friend to
meet for drinks results in minor sanctions. Not meeting an
important client for drinks may well result in the
loss of a job. When law violations occur, external formal
mechanisms of social control—the police, courts, and
correctional systems—come into play.

7. Sometimes, negative consequences result from deviant behavior.
For example, large-scale deviance may
harm stability, and it may induce distrust and ill will. The
aftermath of Hurricane Katrina resulted in thousands
of people being displaced from their homes with no access to
money, transportation, or the bare necessities
of life. The lack of provisions resulted in looting and other
large-scale deviant behaviors that caused ill will
between the community and storeowners and between the
community and the government.
Deviance can also have positive consequences, which is why
society, in a sense, needs deviants. Each time
a group defines a particular act as deviant, it teaches people
acceptable social behavior. For example, in
most states, people believe smoking to be deviant behavior due
to health costs and hygiene factors. These
states have outlawed smoking in public buildings to promote
smoke-free behaviors.
Another useful consequence of deviance is that it strengthens
group norms and values. When something
happens within a community, people react in ways that reinforce
group values. For example, when a hit-and-
run driver hits a child, the neighborhood responds with signs,
vigils, and donations in an attempt to state that
they oppose hit-and-runs.
SOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

8. Title
Think of ways a group might consider your own behavior
deviant. How might some of the behaviors of our
country generate accusations of deviance (whether deservedly
or not)? Who decides what is deviant?
Reference
Witt, J. (2015). SOC 2014 (3rd ed. update). New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Education.
Suggested Reading
Becker, H. S. (1997). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of
deviance. New York, NY: Free Press.
Look in the databases of the CSU Online Library for more
information on this unit’s topics. Below are
examples of what you will find in the General OneFile database:
Brannigan, A. (1997). Self control, social control and
evolutionary psychology: towards an integrated
perspective on crime. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 39(4),
403-431.
Harris, N. R. (2013). Surveillance, social control and planning:
Citizen-engagement in the detection and

9. investigation of breaches of planning regulations. Town
Planning Review, 84(2), 171-197.
Mollenkopf, J. (2001). The social control of cities: A
comparative perspective. French Politics, Culture and
Society, 19, 2, 137.
Learning Activities (Non-Graded)
Social Reality of Crime
The dominant class defines what a crime is, and what it is not.
This definition occurs within a political,
economic, and social context. Lawmakers (who themselves are
mostly privileged) are encouraged by
lobbyists (who mostly represent those in the dominant class) to
punish activities that go against their interests.
So what does society define as crime? Are behaviors that are in
direct and indirect conflict with the dominant
class defined as criminal?
For example, ask yourselves these questions: Why are there
laws against loitering? Why is vagrancy against
the law? Crime is socially constructed in such a way as to
benefit the dominant class. How? In this case,
people who are vagrant do not own such things as homes or
cars. Moreover, they do not work at jobs,
increasing the wealth of the owners.
Investigate cocaine and the length of punishment given to users,
and then investigate crack and the length of
punishment given to its users. What do you find? According to

10. the ACLU website, the ratio of severity of
punishment before 2010 was 100:1; in 2014, it was still 18:1.
Those who use crack are more likely to be poor
and in a minority, while cocaine users are more likely to be in a
middle or higher social class.
A recent Florida case involving the shooting of a teen-aged boy
provides us with an opportunity to study the
identification of behavior as criminal or not criminal. In 2012,
Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old Black teen, was
walking through a middle-class neighborhood where his father’s
fiancée lived in a gated community. George
Zimmerman, a jobless 29-year-old Hispanic man on
neighborhood patrol, spotted him. In the events that
followed, Zimmerman shot Martin to death because the boy was
“suspicious looking” and Zimmerman “felt
threatened.” Is this behavior a crime? That depends on how the
court defines the actions. In this case, the
court found that Zimmerman was not guilty, based on self-
defense.
After researching this case, search the Internet for similar cases.
Does the race of the victim matter? Does the
race of the perpetrator matter? What evidence do you find of
other court cases? How does your own race
influence your beliefs about the case?
These are non-graded activities, so you do not have to submit
them. However, if you have difficulty with any
concepts, contact your instructor for additional discussion
and/or explanation.