The document discusses the impact assessment approach used in the euroFOT project to evaluate the effects of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) tested in large-scale field operational tests. The approach analyzes data from 1500 test vehicles across Europe to assess impacts on safety, traffic efficiency, the environment, and user acceptance. A global assessment is also conducted to scale up effects to the EU level using modeling for higher penetration rates. Challenges include integrating different assessment methodologies and handling large amounts of data.
The euroFOT project aims to test eight in-vehicle safety systems through field operational tests involving over 1500 drivers. To rigorously and practically evaluate the systems' impacts on safety, efficiency, and the environment, the project developed a methodology balancing experimental methods and real-world testing. This involved defining performance indicators, events, and situational variables for consistent analysis, as well as an experimental design addressing participant selection, study environments, and system exposure conditions. The methodology framework ensures comparable evaluations while allowing flexibility tailored to each field test.
Mohamed Benmimoun, ika, Incident definition and usage within the euroFOT projecteuroFOT
This document discusses defining incident events for use in the euroFOT project, which aims to evaluate advanced driver assistance systems using instrumented vehicles. It notes that defining incidents is important for answering research questions and assessing impacts. A challenge is defining incidents that suit the different data acquisition systems used by the five vehicle management centers. The document proposes an approach to define incidents based on all needed sensors and signals to be recorded, so that incident events can be determined across the different systems.
Impact assessment of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems within the Large Sca...euroFOT
The document summarizes the euroFOT project which aims to investigate the impacts of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) through a large-scale field operational test of about 1000 vehicles equipped with eight different ADAS technologies. The German1 vehicle management center is coordinating a fleet of 240 vehicles consisting of 100 trucks and 140 passenger cars from three manufacturers. Data acquisition systems in each vehicle will collect data from vehicle CAN buses and automatically upload it to a central server via GPRS. The estimated 12 terabytes of data collected over one year will be analyzed to assess impacts on driver behavior, user acceptance, safety, environment and traffic efficiency. Results will also be scaled up to provide information for a cost-benefit analysis at the EU level.
Planning of a field operational test on navigation systems: Implementation an...euroFOT
The document summarizes two pre-studies conducted to help plan a field operational test comparing navigation systems. Study 1 was a questionnaire of 147 drivers that found owners of navigation systems drove more and were more likely to take unfamiliar routes. Study 2 tested data collection and analysis algorithms by having 10 drivers complete routes with and without navigation, finding the algorithms could detect differences but needed improvement to reduce errors. The pre-studies aimed to inform sample selection and analysis methods for the larger field operational test.
Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc. discuss transit signal priority impacts on intersection efficiency and safety for all users.
Presented at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada Conference and Exhibition in Charlottetown, Canada from September 27-30.
Presentation from Ahmed Benmimoun at parallel session on FOTseuroFOT
This document summarizes the objectives and challenges of analyzing data from the euroFOT field operational test of advanced driver assistance systems. The objectives are to quantify the impacts of tested functions on traffic efficiency, safety, and the environment in order to provide input for a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis. Challenges include adapting analysis methods to the specific needs of euroFOT, automating the evaluation of large data, and determining safety impacts without full video data verification. The data analysis approach involves both direct assessment from field operational test data as well as modeling higher penetration rates.
Calibration and Validation of Micro-Simulation ModelsWSP
Calibration and Validation of Micro-Simulation Models is a presentation delivered by François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc., WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Laurent Gauthier, Polytechnique Montréal and Nicolas Saunier, Polytechnique Montréal at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
LO5: Simulation of transit signal priority strategies for brt operationsBRTCoE
This document outlines a study on simulating transit signal priority strategies to benefit bus rapid transit operations. The study aims to evaluate different conditional priority strategies through traffic simulation and determine how signal priority can best be implemented on BRT corridors. Case studies of the Silver Line route in Boston and routes in Minneapolis and Santiago will be used to test priority techniques like green extension, red truncation, and phase skipping. The impacts on bus and traffic performance will be analyzed.
The euroFOT project aims to test eight in-vehicle safety systems through field operational tests involving over 1500 drivers. To rigorously and practically evaluate the systems' impacts on safety, efficiency, and the environment, the project developed a methodology balancing experimental methods and real-world testing. This involved defining performance indicators, events, and situational variables for consistent analysis, as well as an experimental design addressing participant selection, study environments, and system exposure conditions. The methodology framework ensures comparable evaluations while allowing flexibility tailored to each field test.
Mohamed Benmimoun, ika, Incident definition and usage within the euroFOT projecteuroFOT
This document discusses defining incident events for use in the euroFOT project, which aims to evaluate advanced driver assistance systems using instrumented vehicles. It notes that defining incidents is important for answering research questions and assessing impacts. A challenge is defining incidents that suit the different data acquisition systems used by the five vehicle management centers. The document proposes an approach to define incidents based on all needed sensors and signals to be recorded, so that incident events can be determined across the different systems.
Impact assessment of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems within the Large Sca...euroFOT
The document summarizes the euroFOT project which aims to investigate the impacts of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) through a large-scale field operational test of about 1000 vehicles equipped with eight different ADAS technologies. The German1 vehicle management center is coordinating a fleet of 240 vehicles consisting of 100 trucks and 140 passenger cars from three manufacturers. Data acquisition systems in each vehicle will collect data from vehicle CAN buses and automatically upload it to a central server via GPRS. The estimated 12 terabytes of data collected over one year will be analyzed to assess impacts on driver behavior, user acceptance, safety, environment and traffic efficiency. Results will also be scaled up to provide information for a cost-benefit analysis at the EU level.
Planning of a field operational test on navigation systems: Implementation an...euroFOT
The document summarizes two pre-studies conducted to help plan a field operational test comparing navigation systems. Study 1 was a questionnaire of 147 drivers that found owners of navigation systems drove more and were more likely to take unfamiliar routes. Study 2 tested data collection and analysis algorithms by having 10 drivers complete routes with and without navigation, finding the algorithms could detect differences but needed improvement to reduce errors. The pre-studies aimed to inform sample selection and analysis methods for the larger field operational test.
Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc. discuss transit signal priority impacts on intersection efficiency and safety for all users.
Presented at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada Conference and Exhibition in Charlottetown, Canada from September 27-30.
Presentation from Ahmed Benmimoun at parallel session on FOTseuroFOT
This document summarizes the objectives and challenges of analyzing data from the euroFOT field operational test of advanced driver assistance systems. The objectives are to quantify the impacts of tested functions on traffic efficiency, safety, and the environment in order to provide input for a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis. Challenges include adapting analysis methods to the specific needs of euroFOT, automating the evaluation of large data, and determining safety impacts without full video data verification. The data analysis approach involves both direct assessment from field operational test data as well as modeling higher penetration rates.
Calibration and Validation of Micro-Simulation ModelsWSP
Calibration and Validation of Micro-Simulation Models is a presentation delivered by François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc., WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Laurent Gauthier, Polytechnique Montréal and Nicolas Saunier, Polytechnique Montréal at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
LO5: Simulation of transit signal priority strategies for brt operationsBRTCoE
This document outlines a study on simulating transit signal priority strategies to benefit bus rapid transit operations. The study aims to evaluate different conditional priority strategies through traffic simulation and determine how signal priority can best be implemented on BRT corridors. Case studies of the Silver Line route in Boston and routes in Minneapolis and Santiago will be used to test priority techniques like green extension, red truncation, and phase skipping. The impacts on bus and traffic performance will be analyzed.
IRJET- Design and Development of Traffic Flow Prediction System for Efficient...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of a traffic flow prediction system for Amravati City, India to improve traffic movements. It begins by noting the increasing traffic problems in Amravati due to rising vehicle numbers. The city currently uses pre-timed traffic signal controls that are inefficient. The paper proposes an intelligent transportation system using traffic signal optimization and coordination to predict traffic flows. It reviews literature on traffic simulation software and signal timing optimization methods. It then describes the methodology for developing the prediction system, which involves data collection, network modeling, simulation calibration, and using VISSIM and Synchro software to simulate and optimize traffic flows. The goal is to reduce delays, queues and travel times at intersections in Amravati.
Transit Signalisation Priority (TSP) - A New Approach to Calculate GainsWSP
Presentation by François Bélisle, Eng. , B.Sc., M.A. and Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Updated Traffic Analysis Tools for Complete StreetsWSP
Incorporating Pedestrian Level of Service into Traffic Analysis for Improved Decision-Making
Presented by Paul Tétreault, Eng., Urb., P.Eng., M.U.P. and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.A. from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Failure prediction of e-banking application system using adaptive neuro fuzzy...IJECEIAES
Problems often faced by IT operation unit is the difficulty in determining the cause of the failure of an incident such as slowing access to the internet banking url, non-functioning of some features of m-banking or even the cessation of the entire e-banking service. The proposed method to modify ANFIS with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM) approach is applied to detect four typical kinds of faults that may happen in the e-banking system, which are application response times, transaction per second, server utilization and network performance. Input data is obtained from the e-banking monitoring results throughout 2017 that become data training and data testing. The study shows that an ANFIS modeling with FCM optimized input has a RMSE 0.006 and increased accuracy by 1.27% compared to ANFIS without FCM optimization.
P ERFORMANCE M EASUREMENTS OF F EATURE T RACKING AND H ISTOGRAM BASED T ...ijcsit
In this paper, feature tracking based and histogram
based traffic congestion detection systems are
developed. Developed all system are designed to run
as real time application. In this work, ORB (Orien
ted
FAST and Rotated BRIEF) feature extraction method h
ave been used to develop feature tracking based
traffic congestion solution. ORB is a rotation inva
riant, fast and resistant to noise method and conta
ins the
power of FAST and BRIEF feature extraction methods.
Also, two different approaches, which are standard
deviation and weighed average, have been applied to
find out the congestion information by using
histogram of the image to develop histogram based t
raffic congestion solution. Both systems have been
tested on different weather conditions such as clou
dy, sunny and rainy to provide various illumination
at
both daytime and night. For all developed systems p
erformance results are examined to show the
advantages and drawbacks of these systems.
This document summarizes the methodological challenges and solutions implemented in the euroFOT project. The euroFOT project aims to coordinate field operational tests of intelligent vehicle systems across Europe to evaluate performance, driver behavior, and user acceptance. It outlines the functions tested, the FESTA framework used to develop hypotheses and identify necessary measures and sensors. It also discusses defining the experimental framework while considering constraints like budget, vehicles, drivers, and including multiple functions. Power analyses were used to determine sufficient sample sizes. Harmonized experimental designs and questionnaires were implemented to facilitate unified data collection and analysis across test management centers.
Evaluation of Traffic Characteristics: a Case Study on NH-12, Near Barkatulla...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates traffic characteristics on NH-12 near Barkatullah University in Bhopal, India. It describes conducting a spot speed study to collect traffic data, including vehicle speeds and volumes, using a radar meter and counter. The data is analyzed to determine metrics like the mean, 85th percentile, and median speeds. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the traffic conditions on the route and how the data could inform transportation planning decisions.
Classification Approach for Big Data Driven Traffic Flow Prediction using Ap...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed system for predicting traffic flow using big data and classification approaches. The system uses K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classification to identify traffic patterns and routes. It then uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict traffic flow levels on particular routes. The KNN identifies travel times between locations while the CNN predicts flow levels. The proposed system is evaluated using metrics like root mean squared error and mean relative error, and is found to improve accuracy and reduce prediction time compared to existing methods. The system aims to provide route recommendations to users based on minimum predicted traffic flow.
This document summarizes a research article that proposes using continuous hidden Markov models (CHMMs) with a change point detection algorithm for online adaptive bearings condition assessment. The approach aims to (1) estimate the initial number of CHMM states and parameters from historical data and (2) update the state space and parameters during monitoring to adapt to changes. Compared to existing techniques, the proposed approach improves HMM training, detects unknown states earlier, and better represents degradation processes with unknown conditions by changing the CHMM structure.
Intelligent road surface quality evaluation using rough mereologyMohamed Mostafa
This document summarizes research on using mobile sensors and machine learning to evaluate road surface quality. The system collects accelerometer, gyroscope and GPS data from vehicles to detect anomalies like potholes and speed bumps. The data is preprocessed and analyzed using a technique called rough mereology to classify locations and recommend repairs. Experimental results show 75% accuracy in classifying speed bumps, though other studies had higher precision. Future work involves improving detection algorithms and addressing challenges like sensor differences between devices and high power consumption.
"О реорганизации ФГБУ «Московский научно исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена» Минздрава России, ФГБУ «Медицинский радиологический научный центр» Минздрава России и ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт урологии» Минздрава России в форме присоединения второго и третьего учреждения к первому"
El documento explica cómo asignar memoria dinámicamente mediante la función malloc() para crear arrays dinámicos. Se detalla que malloc() devuelve un puntero al primer byte de memoria asignada según el tamaño especificado. También presenta un ejemplo de programa completo que lee datos en un array dinámico y luego los imprime, utilizando funciones para separar las tareas.
This document provides an overview and instructions for Rutgers University computing resources for new MLIS students. It introduces the EDEN network and email system, how to access email and files using SFTP, and recommends setting up a professional email address. Basic software, computer labs, and printing resources on campus are outlined. Collaboration tools like Google Docs and social bookmarking with Delicious are presented.
This document presents a draft paper on a field test of a Lane Departure Warning (LDW) function in Italy as part of the larger euroFOT project. The field test will involve up to 1000 vehicles equipped with LDW and will collect data through questionnaires administered at intervals over 12 months. The questionnaires will assess drivers' perceptions of safety, usefulness, and behavior with the system. The results are expected to provide an accurate picture of the real-world impacts of LDW technology.
The document discusses the challenges and risks of the euroFOT project, which aims to collect extensive driving data from 1,500 vehicles across Europe to evaluate the impact of in-vehicle safety systems. It identifies the main challenges as complying with diverse legal and ethical regulations across Europe, ensuring successful installation and operation of data logging systems in vehicles, and protecting proprietary information while allowing for effective data analysis. The project will address these through active support from the European Commission, extensive pilot testing of data collection methods, and clear plans for controlled data sharing.
У каждого участкового врача есть больные инвалиды прикованные к постели или к коляске. Общество не может «бросить их» на попечение семьи и персонала и не взять на себя моральный, организационный и материальный «труд» по уходу. Наблюдения Аркадия Чеповецкого.
Publishers Press, a family owned magazine printing company, celebrates its 50th anniversary in Shepherdsville, KY. Although the company has been in business since 1866, in 1958 it moved to a new location and began to flourish. This book shows the history, successes, trying times, and more within the company's 144 year heritage.
The document summarizes the EUROFOT project, which aims to perform large-scale field operational tests of advanced driver assistance systems in Europe. Specifically:
- The project involves testing 9 driver assistance functions in over 1,500 vehicles across multiple European countries to evaluate performance, driver behavior, impacts on safety and efficiency, and public acceptance.
- Extensive data will be collected over approximately 27 million kilometers of driving to gain insights on system usability and impacts.
- The project has defined over 250 research hypotheses and 84 prioritized hypotheses to guide the data analysis in areas like driver behavior, safety, and environmental impacts.
- Ongoing activities include specifying the driver assistance systems under test, defining use
IRJET- Design and Development of Traffic Flow Prediction System for Efficient...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of a traffic flow prediction system for Amravati City, India to improve traffic movements. It begins by noting the increasing traffic problems in Amravati due to rising vehicle numbers. The city currently uses pre-timed traffic signal controls that are inefficient. The paper proposes an intelligent transportation system using traffic signal optimization and coordination to predict traffic flows. It reviews literature on traffic simulation software and signal timing optimization methods. It then describes the methodology for developing the prediction system, which involves data collection, network modeling, simulation calibration, and using VISSIM and Synchro software to simulate and optimize traffic flows. The goal is to reduce delays, queues and travel times at intersections in Amravati.
Transit Signalisation Priority (TSP) - A New Approach to Calculate GainsWSP
Presentation by François Bélisle, Eng. , B.Sc., M.A. and Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS delivered at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Updated Traffic Analysis Tools for Complete StreetsWSP
Incorporating Pedestrian Level of Service into Traffic Analysis for Improved Decision-Making
Presented by Paul Tétreault, Eng., Urb., P.Eng., M.U.P. and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.A. from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Failure prediction of e-banking application system using adaptive neuro fuzzy...IJECEIAES
Problems often faced by IT operation unit is the difficulty in determining the cause of the failure of an incident such as slowing access to the internet banking url, non-functioning of some features of m-banking or even the cessation of the entire e-banking service. The proposed method to modify ANFIS with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM) approach is applied to detect four typical kinds of faults that may happen in the e-banking system, which are application response times, transaction per second, server utilization and network performance. Input data is obtained from the e-banking monitoring results throughout 2017 that become data training and data testing. The study shows that an ANFIS modeling with FCM optimized input has a RMSE 0.006 and increased accuracy by 1.27% compared to ANFIS without FCM optimization.
P ERFORMANCE M EASUREMENTS OF F EATURE T RACKING AND H ISTOGRAM BASED T ...ijcsit
In this paper, feature tracking based and histogram
based traffic congestion detection systems are
developed. Developed all system are designed to run
as real time application. In this work, ORB (Orien
ted
FAST and Rotated BRIEF) feature extraction method h
ave been used to develop feature tracking based
traffic congestion solution. ORB is a rotation inva
riant, fast and resistant to noise method and conta
ins the
power of FAST and BRIEF feature extraction methods.
Also, two different approaches, which are standard
deviation and weighed average, have been applied to
find out the congestion information by using
histogram of the image to develop histogram based t
raffic congestion solution. Both systems have been
tested on different weather conditions such as clou
dy, sunny and rainy to provide various illumination
at
both daytime and night. For all developed systems p
erformance results are examined to show the
advantages and drawbacks of these systems.
This document summarizes the methodological challenges and solutions implemented in the euroFOT project. The euroFOT project aims to coordinate field operational tests of intelligent vehicle systems across Europe to evaluate performance, driver behavior, and user acceptance. It outlines the functions tested, the FESTA framework used to develop hypotheses and identify necessary measures and sensors. It also discusses defining the experimental framework while considering constraints like budget, vehicles, drivers, and including multiple functions. Power analyses were used to determine sufficient sample sizes. Harmonized experimental designs and questionnaires were implemented to facilitate unified data collection and analysis across test management centers.
Evaluation of Traffic Characteristics: a Case Study on NH-12, Near Barkatulla...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates traffic characteristics on NH-12 near Barkatullah University in Bhopal, India. It describes conducting a spot speed study to collect traffic data, including vehicle speeds and volumes, using a radar meter and counter. The data is analyzed to determine metrics like the mean, 85th percentile, and median speeds. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the traffic conditions on the route and how the data could inform transportation planning decisions.
Classification Approach for Big Data Driven Traffic Flow Prediction using Ap...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed system for predicting traffic flow using big data and classification approaches. The system uses K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classification to identify traffic patterns and routes. It then uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict traffic flow levels on particular routes. The KNN identifies travel times between locations while the CNN predicts flow levels. The proposed system is evaluated using metrics like root mean squared error and mean relative error, and is found to improve accuracy and reduce prediction time compared to existing methods. The system aims to provide route recommendations to users based on minimum predicted traffic flow.
This document summarizes a research article that proposes using continuous hidden Markov models (CHMMs) with a change point detection algorithm for online adaptive bearings condition assessment. The approach aims to (1) estimate the initial number of CHMM states and parameters from historical data and (2) update the state space and parameters during monitoring to adapt to changes. Compared to existing techniques, the proposed approach improves HMM training, detects unknown states earlier, and better represents degradation processes with unknown conditions by changing the CHMM structure.
Intelligent road surface quality evaluation using rough mereologyMohamed Mostafa
This document summarizes research on using mobile sensors and machine learning to evaluate road surface quality. The system collects accelerometer, gyroscope and GPS data from vehicles to detect anomalies like potholes and speed bumps. The data is preprocessed and analyzed using a technique called rough mereology to classify locations and recommend repairs. Experimental results show 75% accuracy in classifying speed bumps, though other studies had higher precision. Future work involves improving detection algorithms and addressing challenges like sensor differences between devices and high power consumption.
"О реорганизации ФГБУ «Московский научно исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена» Минздрава России, ФГБУ «Медицинский радиологический научный центр» Минздрава России и ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт урологии» Минздрава России в форме присоединения второго и третьего учреждения к первому"
El documento explica cómo asignar memoria dinámicamente mediante la función malloc() para crear arrays dinámicos. Se detalla que malloc() devuelve un puntero al primer byte de memoria asignada según el tamaño especificado. También presenta un ejemplo de programa completo que lee datos en un array dinámico y luego los imprime, utilizando funciones para separar las tareas.
This document provides an overview and instructions for Rutgers University computing resources for new MLIS students. It introduces the EDEN network and email system, how to access email and files using SFTP, and recommends setting up a professional email address. Basic software, computer labs, and printing resources on campus are outlined. Collaboration tools like Google Docs and social bookmarking with Delicious are presented.
This document presents a draft paper on a field test of a Lane Departure Warning (LDW) function in Italy as part of the larger euroFOT project. The field test will involve up to 1000 vehicles equipped with LDW and will collect data through questionnaires administered at intervals over 12 months. The questionnaires will assess drivers' perceptions of safety, usefulness, and behavior with the system. The results are expected to provide an accurate picture of the real-world impacts of LDW technology.
The document discusses the challenges and risks of the euroFOT project, which aims to collect extensive driving data from 1,500 vehicles across Europe to evaluate the impact of in-vehicle safety systems. It identifies the main challenges as complying with diverse legal and ethical regulations across Europe, ensuring successful installation and operation of data logging systems in vehicles, and protecting proprietary information while allowing for effective data analysis. The project will address these through active support from the European Commission, extensive pilot testing of data collection methods, and clear plans for controlled data sharing.
У каждого участкового врача есть больные инвалиды прикованные к постели или к коляске. Общество не может «бросить их» на попечение семьи и персонала и не взять на себя моральный, организационный и материальный «труд» по уходу. Наблюдения Аркадия Чеповецкого.
Publishers Press, a family owned magazine printing company, celebrates its 50th anniversary in Shepherdsville, KY. Although the company has been in business since 1866, in 1958 it moved to a new location and began to flourish. This book shows the history, successes, trying times, and more within the company's 144 year heritage.
The document summarizes the EUROFOT project, which aims to perform large-scale field operational tests of advanced driver assistance systems in Europe. Specifically:
- The project involves testing 9 driver assistance functions in over 1,500 vehicles across multiple European countries to evaluate performance, driver behavior, impacts on safety and efficiency, and public acceptance.
- Extensive data will be collected over approximately 27 million kilometers of driving to gain insights on system usability and impacts.
- The project has defined over 250 research hypotheses and 84 prioritized hypotheses to guide the data analysis in areas like driver behavior, safety, and environmental impacts.
- Ongoing activities include specifying the driver assistance systems under test, defining use
Paper No.19-0277-O
Improving the Effectiveness of Active Safety Systems to Significantly Reduce Accidents with Vulnerable Road Users - The Project Prospect (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists)
ILONA CIEŚLIK
IDIADA Automotive Technology, Spain
JORDANKA KOVACEVA
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
MARIE-PIERRE BRUYAS
Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l’Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), France
DAVID R. LARGE
University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
MARTIN KUNERT
Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany
SEBASTIAN KREBS
Daimler AG, Germany MAXIM ARBITMANN
Continental Teves AG & Co.OHG, Germany
IRJET- Simulation based Automatic Traffic Controlling SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a simulation-based automatic traffic controlling system. The system uses image processing and algorithms like SCOOT (Split Cycle Offset Optimization Technique) or UTC (Urban Traffic Control) to determine optimal traffic light timing based on real-time vehicle counts. It aims to reduce traffic congestion and waiting times by adapting light cycles dynamically. The system prioritizes lanes with emergency vehicles by stopping other lanes. It was tested in simulations of a four-way intersection with results showing promise for improving traffic flow. Further work is needed to coordinate traffic lights across multiple intersections.
Evolutionary reinforcement learning multi-agents system for intelligent traf...IJECEIAES
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new approach called evolutionary reinforcement learning multi-agents system (ERL-MA) for intelligent traffic light control. The ERL-MA system combines computational intelligence and machine learning. It consists of two layers: a modeling layer that uses intersection modeling to understand junction constraints, and a decision layer that uses a novel greedy genetic algorithm and Q-learning to determine optimal phase sequences and signal timings. The approach is evaluated using a real-world traffic simulation scenario from Bologna, Italy. Results show the ERL-MA system achieves competitive performance compared to other adaptive traffic control systems in terms of various metrics.
Manuscript next generation advanced driver assistance systems towards the pro...Ilona Anna Cieslik
This document summarizes a research project called PROSPECT that aims to improve active safety systems for protecting vulnerable road users like cyclists and pedestrians. The project will develop and test new sensor and control technologies on three vehicle demonstrators. Key findings from accident analyses were used to identify the most common accident scenarios and develop test cases to evaluate the demonstrator vehicles. Naturalistic observations of vehicle-cyclist and vehicle-pedestrian interactions were also conducted. The demonstrator vehicles will feature expanded sensor fields of view, improved detection and classification of vulnerable road users, and controls that can automatically steer or brake to avoid collisions. The goal is to enhance safety and address limitations of current systems through innovative sensing and reaction capabilities.
Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio when geotextiled is used for the design methods. The effects of three flexible pavement design parameters were evaluated; and their impact on the results was investigated.
This document presents an intelligent traffic management system that uses image processing and sensors to adapt traffic light timing based on current road conditions. It aims to reduce traffic congestion by minimizing delays. The system would detect vehicles, estimate speeds, and categorize days of the week to model typical traffic patterns for updating travel time estimates. This would allow the system to select the shortest routes for drivers in real-time. It could also prioritize emergency vehicles and provide traveler information. The system has potential for expansion to control traffic lights across an entire city remotely and share traffic data using radio or mobile networks.
This document summarizes the work of the RIPCORD-ISEREST project, which aims to improve road safety in Europe through research on road infrastructure measures. Workpackage 2 focused on accident prediction models (APMs) and road safety impact assessments (RIAs) as tools to help practitioners manage road safety. The document reports that APMs relate crash statistics to explanatory variables like traffic volume and road length. Pilot studies found these two factors are most important for APMs of road sections and intersections. RIAs assess the safety impact of plans like road works or safety schemes. The document provides recommendations for using APMs to identify unsafe roads and for conducting RIAs at various levels from single projects to national networks.
This document provides a comprehensive literature review and analysis of various traffic prediction techniques. It begins with an abstract that outlines the need for accurate traffic forecasting to address issues caused by increased road traffic. The document then reviews several existing traffic prediction methods and technologies, including fuzzy logic-based systems, intelligent traffic signal controllers, dynamic traffic information systems, and frameworks that utilize IoT, cloud computing, and machine learning. It identifies gaps in current literature, such as a lack of sensor data and advanced application frameworks for prediction. Finally, the document presents several comparison tables analyzing traffic prediction techniques based on the datasets, parameters, merits and demerits of each approach. The overall purpose is to conduct a systematic analysis of past work and identify future research
A multi-objective evolutionary scheme for control points deployment in intell...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that hinder emergency in developing countries is the problem of monitoring a number of activities on inter-urban roadway networks. In the literature, the use of control points is proposed in the context of these countries in order to ensure efficient monitoring, by ensuring a good coverage while minimizing the installation costs as well as the number of accidents across these road networks. In this work, we propose an optimal deployment of these control points from several optimization methods based on some evolutionary multi-objective algorithms: the Non dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II); the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO); the strength pareto evolutionary algorithm-II (SPEA-II); and the pareto envelope based selection algorithm-II (PESA-II). We performed the tests and compared these deployments using pareto front and performance indicators like the spread and hypervolume and the inverted generational distance (IGD). The results obtained show that the NSGA-II method is the most adequate in the deployment of these control points.
ITS 2018 Denmark Publication: Advancing active safety and testing methodologi...Ilona Anna Cieslik
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Paper 3688
1. euroFOT: LARGE SCALE FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Ahmed Benmimoun1*, Mohamed Benmimoun2, Isabel Wilmink3, Martijn van
Noort3
1. Institut für Kraftfahrfahrzeuge, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstr. 7, 52074 Aachen,
Germany, Phone: +49 2418861181, E-Mail: benmimoun@ika.rwth-aachen.de
2. Institut für Kraftfahrfahrzeuge, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
3. TNO Mobility & Logistics, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the approach for impact assessment that is applied in the
euroFOT project. The euroFOT project aims to investigate the impacts of advanced
driver assistance systems (ADAS) and to encourage the deployment of these.
Started within the seventh framework programme, the euroFOT project will establish
a comprehensive, technical and socio-economic assessment program for evaluating
the impact of ADAS on safety, environment, traffic efficiency, user acceptance and
other user-related aspects in a real environment. The approach is based on the
FESTA handbook, which provides guidelines for conducting field operational tests
(FOTs). The handbook approach is adapted according to the specific requirements of
the euroFOT project. With this assessment program, the impacts of the ITS equipped
vehicles in the euroFOT test are studied.
KEYWORDS
Field operational test (FOT), impact assessment, FESTA
1
2. INTRODUCTION
euroFOT intends to analyze the impacts of ADAS in a real environment with normal
drivers and for a period of time that enables the collection and processing of data in a
statistically sound way. Extensive field operational tests are being set up to assess
the impacts of ADAS in real traffic, in order to determine in which ways the
effectiveness of ADAS regarding traffic efficiency, safety and environment can be
improved. Altogether 1500 test vehicles from different manufacturers and with
different ADAS take part in the FOT. The project duration is 40 months and will finish
in August 2011.
euroFOT investigates systems that are already on the market or sufficiently mature to
be tested as a commercial application. Based on the recommendations from existing
roadmaps and on the availability of well developed systems, the following group of 9
functions has been selected for euroFOT:
1. Longitudinal functions:
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Speed
Regulation System (SRS).
2. Lateral functions:
Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Impairment Warning (IW), Blind Spot
Information System (BLIS).
3. Other functions:
Curve Speed Warning (CSW), Fuel Efficiency Advisor (FEA), Safe Human-
Machine Interaction for Navigation Systems (SafeHMI).
These functions are tested in different vehicles from different European OEMs using
different data acquisition systems for logging different data (CAN-data, video, GPS
etc.). The FOT is carried out via various test sites across 4 countries in Europe,
which are managed by the so called vehicle management centers (VMC).
Challenges of the evaluation
This paper describes the data analysis approach developed within the euroFOT sub-
project “Evaluation, impact assessment, and socio-economic cost benefit analysis”
(SP6). The approach is specified in the “data analysis plan” for each VMC. This plan
covers, besides the assessment of the impacts on traffic efficiency, safety and the
environment, an analysis of user related aspects concerning driver behavior,
2
3. workload and user acceptance. The results of the impact assessment will
subsequently be used in the cost-benefit analysis, which is also part of SP6.
The assessment poses several challenges:
handling the large amount of data from many different data sources
designing a complete analysis from data acquisition to the impact
assessment, resulting in input for the cost-benefit analysis. This involves
integrating various existing methodologies plus filling in some remaining
gaps.
This paper focuses on the set up of the impact assessment and illustrates the
proposed approach to deal with the above challenges.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The approach will use FESTA as a starting point. Other methods that will be
integrated into the approach were defined in the projects AIDE [1] and eIMPACT [2].
The impact assessment covers the following impacts.
Impacts on safety: Within the safety assessment subtask, traffic safety
effects, e.g. estimation of expected accident risk reduction, are
investigated, in order to estimate the reduction of crashes, fatalities and
injuries by using the functions.
Impacts on traffic efficiency: The direct and indirect traffic effects of the
functions, e.g. changes in travel time, speed and the amount of congestion,
are studied. Effects for higher penetration rates can be analysed using
micro-simulation, based on the data from the FOT and the specification of
the functions.
Impacts on environment: This subtask will determine the effect of the
functions on fuel efficiency and emissions, based on both measurements
and modelling.
The approach of the impact assessment is presented in the following section.
3
4. Approach
The data analysis plan for euroFOT describes the procedural steps involved in
analyzing, in a harmonized way, the massive amount of data to be derived from the
FOT - in order to answer the pre-defined hypotheses and research questions of
interest. Adherence to the data analysis plan will ensure that each partner has a clear
understanding of how to analyze the available data, taking into account all the
common and specific requirements of euroFOT.
The structure of the data analysis plan [3] was derived, to a large extent, from
recommendations made in the EC-funded FESTA project [4]; but for each step of the
data analysis process (e.g. hypothesis formulation, performance indicator
calculation), choices needed to be made to tailor the FESTA method to the specific
needs of euroFOT. The data analysis approach is illustrated in Figure 1. At each
VMC, the data is collected from the test vehicles (e.g. speed and headway
measurements and position at 10 Hz). The relevant data is extracted and stored in
the database. These processes will be managed by the sub-project “Data
management” (SP3). When the data are available in the database, the data analysis
phase can start. At each step, the quality of the data is checked.
Figure 1 – Data analysis approach
4
5. The database contains a huge amount of data – too much to analyse directly.
Therefore, for efficient handling of the data, they are clustered into specific events
(e.g. overtaking manoeuvres, lane changes etc.) and situational variables (e.g.
weather condition, number of lanes, road type etc.). Using the clustered data,
performance indicators (PI), such as average speed or time headways, are
calculated. Each PI is used in the testing of hypotheses that have been specified by
the consortium partners. There are hypotheses relating to the various types of
impacts and user related aspects.
To limit the organisational complexity of the analysis, it has been divided into a VMC
specific and a common part. The common part consists only of the analysis of
functions that are tested by more than one VMC. In this way, the majority of the work
is delegated to the VMCs, but according to a common approach that enables
integration of the results.
The approach described above provides a way to reduce an enormous data set into
a limited number of indicators that enable further analysis. Additionally, in order to
determine unexpected relationships in the large data sets, an exploratory data
analysis (data mining) is conducted. The results are used for the global assessment.
To scale up the impacts of the tested functions the global assessment will be carried
out. Within the quality assessment a review of all performed steps will be applied, in
order to assure that the whole analysis chain process is done properly. Finally the
results will be provided, in order to perform the cost benefit analysis.
By definition, the results of the FOT represent only a small sample of the overall
traffic in Europe. For this reason, simulations of scenarios with higher penetration
rates will be carried out for scaling up locally determined effects within the global
assessment phase. For this, micro-simulation as well as further models will be
applied to estimate direct and indirect traffic and environmental impacts.
The next section describes the global assessment step in more detail.
Global assessment
The objectives of the global assessment are:
to analyse the effects on the EU level for the functions tested in the FOT on
traffic efficiency, safety and the environment, by considering various
penetration rates (low/medium/high)
5
6. to provide input for the cost benefit analysis.
The global assessment translates effects found for the equipped fleets and trips
made in the FOT to the EU level. This means scaling up of the effects found in
certain situations, or for certain groups of drivers. This leads to an understanding of
the effects of functions if they would be used in the entire European Union (by a
small or larger part of the drivers). The global assessment needs to provide input for
the cost benefit analysis (CBA). The CBA in euroFOT requires information about the
costs of the functions and the benefits. The benefits are derived from the impact
assessment. The following impacts will be quantified for use in the CBA:
traffic efficiency:
o direct effects: travel time changes for CBA, but also
homogenisation/reduction of congestion effects for environmental
impact assessment
o indirect effects: changes in the amount of accident related
congestion (based on changes in number of accidents)
traffic safety:
o changes in the number of accidents with fatalities, injuries (severe,
slight) or material damage only
environment: changes in fuel consumption and emissions of CO 2
o due to direct traffic efficiency effects
o due to changes in accident related congestion.
There are two major challenges here. One is that previously developed
methodologies need to be combined in a consistent way. The other is that the
resulting methodology still has some gaps. It is worth to address these challenges,
because the FOT data offer a unique opportunity to obtain more reliable results, due
to of the availability of extensive sets of real-world measurements.
The methodologies that will be integrated into the euroFOT approach include:
the eIMPACT methodologies for safety and traffic impact assessment
the AIDE methodology for translating changes in certain performance
indicators into changes in accident risk
data analysis procedures included in the FESTA approach.
6
7. Parts of the eIMPACT and AIDE methodologies are adapted to allow the use of
measured data. The remaining gaps are mainly found in the safety impact
assessment, where a link needs to be created between the effects found in the FOT
data and the change in accident risk. The use of an incident based approach is
among the ideas considered.
Another task is the scaling up of the FOT results. The FOTs are carried out in 4 test
sites across Europe. However, the global assessment looks at the effects on the EU
level. Therefore, the effects found need to be scaled up to the EU level, by taking into
account the different situational variables across Europe, e.g. motorway usage,
prevalence of adverse weather etc.
Furthermore, it has to be considered that the fleet of FOT vehicles constitutes only a
very minor part of the vehicle fleet on the road. For some functions, the effects may
be different for higher penetration rates (and denser traffic) – this is the case, if the
equipped vehicles influence the driving behaviour of other vehicles.
As a consequence of these two issues, the following approaches to obtain the
desired results will be carried out:
global assessment directly from the FOT-data (scaling up via situational
variables)
global assessment using models to assess effects for higher penetration
rates (this also includes scaling up via situational variables)
Table 1 shows some properties of these two approaches. An example of a function,
that is analysed via both the direct and the modelling route, is ACC; for a system like
IW however, the modelling route offers no additional insights and this function will
therefore only be analysed via the direct route.
Table 1 - Approaches for the global assessment
Direct route: Modelling Route:
uses FOT data directly for global uses FOT data as input for models
assessment (e.g. driving behaviour)
scales up to EU level via situational interactions with other (equipped and
variables (as found in FOT-data vs. non-equipped) vehicles can be
EU average prevalence) modelled
in principle only applicable for higher penetration rates than found
functions that do not influence on the road in the FOT can be
7
8. behaviour of other vehicles or modelled
functions that cannot be modelled in
micro-simulation models currently
available and suitable for network
analysis. However, when possible,
direct effects will be analyzed, even if
the functions are going to be
modelled
CONCLUSION
Within the euroFOT project, the impact of advanced driver assistance systems is
analyzed using 1500 vehicles equipped with different functions in an FOT. The data
is collected, stored on a database and afterwards analyzed. The analysis task covers
the impact assessment, the user acceptance and usability as well as a socio-
economic cost benefit analysis.
The data analysis plan developed in SP6 of euroFOT provides a comprehensive
approach to the analysis of the FOT data, all the way from data acquisition to impact
assessment. Several challenges have been addressed, most notably the need to
integrate several previously developed assessment methodologies, to fill in missing
links, to handle the large amount of data generated in the FOT and to subdivide the
work in a VMC specific and a common part.
REFERENCES
[1] Jansen, W., Nodari, R., Brouwer, R., et al. (2008). Final assessment of
methods and specification of the AIDE evaluation methodology, AIDE
deliverable 2.1.4.
[2] Malone, K., Wilmink, I., Noecker, G., et al. (2008). Socio-economic impact
assessment of stand-alone and co-operative intelligent vehicle safety systems
(IVSS) in Europe, eIMPACT deliverable D10.
[3] Benmimoun, A., Benmimoun, M., van Noort, M., Wilmink, I, et al. (2009). Data
analysis plan German1-VMC, 2nd draft version.
[4] Lassare, S., Dozza, M., Jamson, S., et al. (2008), Data analysis and
modelling, FESTA deliverable D2.4.
8