Cloud computing refers to applications and services delivered over the Internet and the hardware and software in datacenters that provide those services. It provides scalable computing resources on demand in a pay-as-you-go model. This allows for infinite computing resources, eliminates upfront commitment, and allows users to pay for only what they use. Cloud computing provides advantages for both end users and service providers by allowing applications to be deployed easily and resources to be utilized efficiently.

1. Cloud Computing & Virtualization Paolo Merialdo Università Roma Tre Innovation Lab

2. Virtualization Hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in which other systems, applications or end users interact with them IBM White Paper "Virtualization in Education" 2007

3. Cloud Computing A new term for a long-held dream of computing as a utility (1966) whichhas recently emerged as a commercial reality

4. Cloud Computing Gartner: a style of computing where massively-scalable IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customer using Internet technologies NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technologies): a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction technologies

5. Whatiscloudcomputing? Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service (SaaS) The datacenter hardware and software is what we can call a Cloud

6. Whatiscloudcomputing?

7. Whatiscloudcomputing? When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to the public, it is called a Public Cloud the service being sold is Utility Computing Cloud Computing is the sum of SaaS and Utility Computing

8. Whatiscloudcomputing? Advantages of SaaS to both end users and service providers are well known Cloud Computing gives more application providers the choice of deploying their product as SaaS without provisioning a datacenter Analogously to how SaaS allows the user to offload some problems to the SaaS provider, the SaaS provider can now offload some of his problems to the Cloud Computing provider

9. Whatiscloudcomputing? Three aspects are new in Cloud Computing: The illusion of infinite computing resources available as services on demand The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as needed and release them as needed All three are important! Past efforts at utility computing failed (in each case one or two of these three critical aspects were missing)

10. Whatiscloudcomputing? "The Datacenter as a Computer" (Google)

11. Whatiscloudcomputing? 0.1$/h 0.1$/h 0.1$/h 0.2$/h 0.1$/h 0.1$/h 0.1$/h http://my.com LoadBalancer Example: 0.4$ per hour + Traffic Example: 0.8$ per hour + Traffic Thanksto Domenico Talia

14. Risks of Under Provisioning Resources Resources Resources Capacity Capacity Capacity Lost revenue Demand Demand Demand 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 Time (days) Time (days) Time (days) Lost users 14

15. Whatiscloudcomputing? The LayersofCloudComputing ApplicationLayer (Software As A Service) Software PlatformLayer (Platform As A Service) InfrastructureLayer (Infrastructure As A Service)

16. References Armbrust et al. Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud ComputingUniversity of California at Berkeley TechRep UCB/EECS-2009-28 http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.html Barroso et al. The Datacenter as a Computer Google http://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00193ED1V01Y200905CAC006 Bohmet al. Cloud Computing - Outsourcing 2.0 or a new Business Model for IT Provisioninghttp://www.joint-research.org/assets/Wissenschaftliche-Publikationen/BoehmEtAl2009b.pdf ItWorld7 things you need to know about cloud computinghttp://www.itworld.com/server-and-data-center/104262/7-things-you-need-know-about-cloud-computing Tom BittmanWhat You Need to Know About Cloud Computing Gartner IT Infrastructure, Operations & Management Summithttp://imagesrv.gartner.com/pdf/cloud_computing_need_to_know.pdf Cloudecosystemhttp://www.appirio.com/ecosystem

17. Classesof Utility Computing Instruction Set VM (Amazon EC2) Managed runtime VM (Microsoft Azure) Framework VM (Google AppEngine, SalesForge) Tradeoff: flexibility/portability vs. “built in” functionality Lower-level, Less managed Higher-level, More managed EC2 Azure AppEngine 17

18. New Scenarios Enabled by “Risk Transfer” to Cloud Not (just) Capital Expense vs. Operation Expense! “Cost associativity”: 1,000 CPUs for 1 hour same price as 1 CPUs for 1,000 hours (@$0.08/hour) Major enabler for SaaS startups Animoto (http://animoto.com) traffic doubled every 12 hours for 3 days when released as Facebook plug-in Scaled from 50 to >3500 servers ...then scaled back down Gets IT gatekeepers out of the way not unlike the PC revolution 18 http://animoto.com/ http://blog.animoto.com/2008/04/21/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-on-animoto/