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Biofortification has several unique characteristics compared to other nutrition interventions. It provides long-term benefits as the nutrient-enriched crops are adopted by more farmers over many years. While the annual benefits are initially small, they continue increasing each year. Biofortification research requires long lag times from initial crop releases to widespread adoption, but then yields sustainability benefits year after year.
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1. Marketing products with invisible traits like nutrients requires generating consumer belief and trust through branding and communication over time.
2. When marketing to low-income consumers, ensuring food and income security is key to increasing adoption of biofortified crops. Education about the link between food and health is also important.
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2. Studies show that increasing selenium levels in broccoli through fertilization decreases the plant's content of beneficial antioxidants like sulforaphane, and that the different forms of selenium from foods like broccoli and meat are incorporated into the body differently.
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- Progress in developing GR2 events in different rice varieties, selecting lines based on beta-carotene levels and agronomic performance
- Details on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway added to Golden Rice
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- Outlines timelines for completing nutritional studies and pursuing regulatory approval and farmer/consumer acceptance studies to allow for the potential release of Golden Rice.
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This document discusses zinc deficiency in Indian soils and its effects. It finds that about 50% of Indian soil samples are deficient in zinc. Zinc deficiency reduces crop yields and nutrient use efficiency. It estimates that zinc deficiency results in over 9 million tons of lost cereal production annually in India worth over $2.2 billion. Addressing zinc deficiency through fertilization could provide over $1.5 billion in economic benefits annually along with reducing malnutrition. The document also examines zinc levels in different crop varieties and their enrichment through fertilization.
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2. Careful selection of target groups and indicators of vitamin A status are important to demonstrate efficacy or effectiveness of biofortified foods.
3. Targeting lactating women may be advantageous because changes in their breastmilk vitamin A levels could benefit breastfed infants and milk vitamin A responds sensitively to maternal intake of biofortified foods.
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3. Further research is still needed to evaluate the retention of micronutrients during processing, bioavailability to the human body, and efficacy trials to measure impact on nutrition and health.
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2. Studies show that increasing selenium levels in broccoli through fertilization decreases the plant's content of beneficial antioxidants like sulforaphane, and that the different forms of selenium from foods like broccoli and meat are incorporated into the body differently.
3. There are complex interactions between selenium, sulforaphane, and other compounds in regulating antioxidant enzymes, with higher induction occurring through combined effects rather than single nutrients alone.
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2) Biofortification through agronomic practices such as fertilization can increase micronutrient concentrations in crops and provide a potentially sustainable solution. Application of zinc-containing fertilizers to the soil and foliage has been shown to reliably increase zinc levels in grains across multiple countries.
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This document discusses the activities and responsible parties required for scaling up biofortification programs. It outlines that population nutritional assessments, breeding targets, cultivar development, efficacy testing, yield and consumer assessments are led by academia. Advocacy, resource mobilization, seed production, social mobilization, training and monitoring involve public, private and civil society sectors. Close coordination is needed across technical disciplines and sectors to ensure the complex operations of biofortification interventions are successfully implemented and evaluated.
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- Updates on different versions developed (GR1 in 2000, improved GR2 in 2004-2005)
- Progress in developing GR2 events in different rice varieties, selecting lines based on beta-carotene levels and agronomic performance
- Details on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway added to Golden Rice
- Plans to undergo further development and regulatory approval in countries with high rates of vitamin A deficiency, including field trials, compositional analysis, and consultation with regulatory agencies in the Philippines.
- Outlines timelines for completing nutritional studies and pursuing regulatory approval and farmer/consumer acceptance studies to allow for the potential release of Golden Rice.
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Sorghum and pearl millet are staple crops grown for subsistence in tropical countries. Less than 5% of annual production is commercially processed due to low productivity, high costs, and lack of processor awareness. Efforts to promote commercialization face challenges. Rural populations have low incomes and awareness. Marketing strategies must address awareness, acceptability, and availability of biofortified staple crops through opinion leaders, demonstrations, education, and ensuring hybrid varieties with higher nutrients are available at affordable prices through expanded distribution networks. The private sector aims to commercialize these crops but rural consumers are diverse with challenges around poverty, infrastructure, and health.
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Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
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In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
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Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
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Pollen and Fungal allergy
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Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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