Pancrease
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This document discusses the pancreas as an endocrine organ that regulates glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion. It describes the structure of the pancreas and mechanisms of insulin release, including first and second phase release in response to glucose levels. It discusses insulin receptors and effects, including stimulating glucose uptake and inhibiting lipolysis. It also covers control of insulin secretion by factors like glucose, hormones, the autonomic nervous system and potassium levels. The role of glucagon and somatostatin are briefly explained. Mechanisms of glucostasis involving the liver and hormones are summarized.
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The pancreas is located deep in the body behind the stomach. It is shaped like a fish and produces proteins, sodium bicarbonates, and pancreatic juices. These juices mix with bile from the liver and gallbladder and empty into the small intestines, where they neutralize stomach acids and help digest food into smaller pieces, demonstrating the important role the pancreas plays in the body's digestive functions.
human digestive system
The document summarizes the human digestive system. It describes each part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus. The mouth and esophagus receive food, while the stomach contains acids and enzymes to digest proteins. The small intestine further digests food with help from the liver, pancreas, and intestinal glands. The large intestine absorbs water from undigested waste before it is expelled through the anus. Each organ plays an important role in the multi-step process of ingesting, digesting, and absorbing nutrients from food.
Informacion adicional del pancreas
The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas comprises acinar cells that secrete digestive enzymes and ductal cells that release bicarbonate and form a duct system to transport enzymes to the duodenum. Around 500-800 ml of digestive juices are secreted per day to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The endocrine pancreas consists of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete hormones like insulin from beta cells and glucagon from alpha cells to regulate blood sugar levels.
Pancreas
The document discusses the endocrine pancreas and its role in regulating blood glucose levels. It notes that the pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The endocrine pancreas contains four main cell types - alpha, beta, delta, and PP cells. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels. Beta cells secrete insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels. Delta cells secrete somatostatin, which regulates alpha and beta cell secretion. PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide, though its role is uncertain. Together, glucagon and insulin work to maintain glucose homeostasis and keep blood glucose levels within a normal range.
01.12.09(b): Histology - Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
Radiological anatomy of pancreas and spleen
This document provides an overview of the radiological anatomy of the pancreas and spleen. It describes the locations and structures of the pancreas including the head, neck, body and tail. It also describes the pancreatic duct and its branches. For the spleen it describes the location, size, weight and blood supply. It then discusses several anatomical variations and congenital anomalies that can occur for both the pancreas and spleen such as pancreas divisum, annular pancreas, ectopic pancreas, polysplenia, splenosis and wandering spleen.
The Exocrine Functions Of The Pancreas
The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing water, bicarbonate, and digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Pancreatic juice helps neutralize gastric acid in the duodenum. It contains electrolytes like sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and chloride. The pancreas produces around 1500 ml of pancreatic juice per day. Hormones like secretin and CCK regulate pancreatic secretion and the composition of the pancreatic juice.
Liver pancreas
The document provides information about the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It discusses the morphology and functions of each organ. The liver has two lobes and is surrounded by Glisson's capsule. Its functions include bile production, glycogen storage, and detoxification. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile before releasing it in response to cholecystokinin. The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion, while the endocrine pancreas is made of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon.
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Pancrease
- 1. Pancreas as endocrine organ: Glucose homeostasis & Insulin Nermeen Bastawy Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University
- 6. F 60% 25 %
- 8. Pro insulin
- 9. Ribosomes ER /Golgi Golgi/Granules
- 11. Mechanism of insulin release • Phases : 1st phase: rapid, short, glucose dependent 2nd phase: slow,sustained, glucose independent • Oscillation pattern: every 5 min.
- 13. Insulin receptors & effects K, aa Na/K ATpase IRS Glucokinase Lipase GLUT4
- 14. (Glucose transporters (9 2ry active transp. Facilitated Diffusion
- 15. GROWTH & METABOLISM • Proteins & growth (anabolic( • CHO : insulin sensitive tissues ( muscle, adipose, liver( • Fat & KB
- 16. INSULIN -- lipase Adipose FFA Glucose ATP
- 17. GLUT2 GK G6P ATP TG & VLDL GS lipase FFA Lipase Hs- Adipose Lipase
- 18. + ???Insulin & K • Insulin K shift into the cells by ++ Na/K ATPase. That's why insulin is used in the treatment of hyperkalemia. • Hyperkalemia: more K will enter beta cell ++ insulin secretion • Hypokalemia more K will leave beta cell -- insulin secretion. • Why diuretics are contraindicated in DM?
- 19. Control of insulin secretion • Hypothalamus/pituitary? NOT • Feed back? Glucose / Insulin • +++/- - - - ? FOOD Hs ANS K+ cAMP
- 20. Insulin Max Basal 70 100 300 Glucose mg %
- 21. Control of insulin secretion • Hypothalamus/pituitary? NOT • Feed back? GLUCOSE/Insulin • +++/- - - - ? FOOD Hs ANS K+ cAMP
- 22. How dose food ++ insulin secretion? W is better stimulant 4 insulin secretion: oral or IV glucose?
- 23. Control of insulin secretion • Hypothalamus/pituitary? NOT • Feed back? GLUCOSE/Insulin • +++/- - - - ? FOOD Hs ANS K+ cAMP
- 24. Glucagon • Pancreas (A cells) • GIT & brain ( A & L cells) • Actions: 1. Oppose insulin 2. ++ insulin, GH, SS secretion 3. +ve inotrope. • Regulation : Food Hs ANS stress & exercise glucocorticoids
- 25. Somatostatin • GIT & Pancreas ( D cells) • ++ by food & GIT hormones • -- all hormones & GIT motility & secretions
- 26. Important Qs • Why exercise is benefit for DM? It lower blood by ++ cAMP-kinase w moves GLUT4. • Why diuretics are contraindicated in DM? K is important for insulin secretion, so Diuretics -- K+ -- insulin secretion
- 27. Mechanism of Glucostasis 1. Liver (glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis). 2. Hormonal mechanism • Insulin / glucagon • Catecholamine, GH & cortisol
- 29. Mechanism of Glucostasis 1. Liver 2. Hormonal mechanism • Insulin / glucagon • Catecholamine, GH & cortisol ++ energy sources : ++ glucose (glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis with IR) ++ FFA, KB & aa
Editor's Notes
- FOODS: glucose, aa, K +,
- FOODS: glucose, aa, K+ insulin ++ Na/K pump --- K +,
- FOODS: glucose, aa, K+ insulin ++ Na/K pump --- K +,