This document summarizes pain by defining it, classifying types of pain, and describing pain scales. It defines pain as an unpleasant sensation caused by damage or described in terms of damage. There are three main types of pain: nociceptive from tissue damage, neuropathic from nervous system damage, and psychogenic from mental factors. Nociceptive pain is further divided. Pain scales like faces scales and visual analog scales are used to measure pain intensity in patients and help with diagnosis and treatment.
Pain, the deviation from normal state of life. So, Pain is every where. Each and every deviation is associated with pain. Pain management is prime concern of a physician for his/her patients. This is an short overview on pain management.
This is a detailed lecture on introduction to pain management for EMS providers. It was originally written for the new AEMT class, but would serve as a start for any medic class as well. NOTE: It does not include drug doses for opioids and benxo's, as this was written for AEMT, but that would be an easy fix for any Medic Program. Estimated time for delivary 2 hours.
Pain, the deviation from normal state of life. So, Pain is every where. Each and every deviation is associated with pain. Pain management is prime concern of a physician for his/her patients. This is an short overview on pain management.
This is a detailed lecture on introduction to pain management for EMS providers. It was originally written for the new AEMT class, but would serve as a start for any medic class as well. NOTE: It does not include drug doses for opioids and benxo's, as this was written for AEMT, but that would be an easy fix for any Medic Program. Estimated time for delivary 2 hours.
this topic explains the nature of pain, signs and symptoms of pain, different types of pain, factors influencing pain, assessment of pain and pharmacological and non pharmacological management of pain.
The presentation enhances the reader to get comprehensive view about Pain ( physiology of pain, assessment of pain and Management of pain). This will help you to management pain effectively.
Mechanism of pain | Analgesic system | Pain PhysiologyFatima Mangrio
This slideshare describes pain transduction which is the mechanism by which nociceptors depolarize to reach threshold, so that a pain signal can be transmitted to the brain. When the signal reaches the brain, the person becomes consciously aware they are in pain - this is called perception.
The Psychology of Pain: Understanding and Management in Nursing CareShahid Hussain
At the end of this session, students will be able to:
Define pain.
Explain the types of pain.
Explain physiological perspective of pain (brief).
Discuss psychological perspective of pain (gate-control theory, bio-psychosocial model of pain, etc.).
Factors affecting pain perception including psychological, social and biological.
Discuss treatment approaches for pain management (recent researches).
Discuss the role of nurses in pain management.
Psychogenic Pain : Psychosomatic Point of ViewAndri Andri
This presentation was presented in "Medical Approach in Holistic Management to Relieve Pain" 13 Des 2015 at The Sunan Hotel, SOLO.
Since Pain is always subjective, Psychogenic pain is very related to psychiatric problems and very often it does not recognized by physicians in their practice.
abdominal pain,
abdominal pain left side,
abdominal pain right side,
abdominal pain after eating,
abdominal pain during pregnancy,
abdominal pain covid,
abdominal pain and bleeding not on period,
abdominal pain in early pregnancy,
abdominal pain causes,
abdominal pain treatment,
lower abdominal pain,
lower left abdominal pain,
upper abdominal pain,
lower right abdominal pain,
this topic explains the nature of pain, signs and symptoms of pain, different types of pain, factors influencing pain, assessment of pain and pharmacological and non pharmacological management of pain.
The presentation enhances the reader to get comprehensive view about Pain ( physiology of pain, assessment of pain and Management of pain). This will help you to management pain effectively.
Mechanism of pain | Analgesic system | Pain PhysiologyFatima Mangrio
This slideshare describes pain transduction which is the mechanism by which nociceptors depolarize to reach threshold, so that a pain signal can be transmitted to the brain. When the signal reaches the brain, the person becomes consciously aware they are in pain - this is called perception.
The Psychology of Pain: Understanding and Management in Nursing CareShahid Hussain
At the end of this session, students will be able to:
Define pain.
Explain the types of pain.
Explain physiological perspective of pain (brief).
Discuss psychological perspective of pain (gate-control theory, bio-psychosocial model of pain, etc.).
Factors affecting pain perception including psychological, social and biological.
Discuss treatment approaches for pain management (recent researches).
Discuss the role of nurses in pain management.
Psychogenic Pain : Psychosomatic Point of ViewAndri Andri
This presentation was presented in "Medical Approach in Holistic Management to Relieve Pain" 13 Des 2015 at The Sunan Hotel, SOLO.
Since Pain is always subjective, Psychogenic pain is very related to psychiatric problems and very often it does not recognized by physicians in their practice.
abdominal pain,
abdominal pain left side,
abdominal pain right side,
abdominal pain after eating,
abdominal pain during pregnancy,
abdominal pain covid,
abdominal pain and bleeding not on period,
abdominal pain in early pregnancy,
abdominal pain causes,
abdominal pain treatment,
lower abdominal pain,
lower left abdominal pain,
upper abdominal pain,
lower right abdominal pain,
pain. Medical Surgical Nursing ......pptxPatelVedanti
Pain is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Everyone has experienced some types or degrees of pain. Pain is the most common reason for physician and also common problems faced by nurses when they are dealing with the patients.
The word pain is derived from the Latin word ‘Poena’ which means punishment. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can significantly interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning.
Pain motivates us to withdraw from potentially damaging situations, protect a damaged body part while it heals, and avoid those situations in the future.
Most pain resolves promptly once the painful stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but sometimes pain persists despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body; and sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease.
The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition states:
"Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage".
The processes in the body that are involved in the perception of pain are called "nociception."
Mount castle defined pain as “that sensory experiences evoked by stimuli that injure or threaten to destroy tissue, defined introspectively by every man as that which hurts”.
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classification system describes pain according to five categories:
Duration And Severity,
Anatomical Location,
Body System Involved,
Cause, And
Temporal Characteristics (Intermittent, Constant, Etc)
Acute pain lasts a short time, or is expected to be over soon. The time frame may be as brief as seconds or as long as weeks.
Chronic pain may be defined as pain that lasts beyond the healing of an injury, continues for a period of several months or longer, or occurs frequently for at least months and is more difficult to manage.eg-rheumatoid arthritis
Cutaneous or superficial pain- it is directly precised &readily localized i.e. patient can indicate exactly where it hurt.
Referred pain- pain felt at a site distinct from site of pain. eg-cardiac pain is present in the heart, but felt in the left arm
Intractable pain- persistent, severe pain that cannot be effectively controlled by the usual medication is referred to as “Intractable pain”.
Localized pain- Localized pain arises directly from the site of the disturbance.
Differentiation of neurolapatic pain- severs pain caused by nervous system damage, when the flow of afferent nerve impulse has been partially or completely interrupted. eg accident.
Pain of muscular or bonny origin- the muscular ischemia of intermittent claudication(a in commonly in the legs or arms that comes on with walking or using the arms.) & occlusion vascular induce pain in the extrimities. eg joint pain
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfDolisha Warbi
Definition of pain, classification of pain based on duration, based on location, based on intensity, classification based on etiology, factor influencing pain, signs and symptoms of pain, impact of pain on patient daily life, medical management, surgical management, non-pharmacological management, complementary and alternative therapies, nursing management.
People with chronic pain or illnesses can experience a variety of emotions including anxiety, grief, guilt, depression and anger. Accepting the condition and integrating it into daily life requires dealing with the losses and resentments and deciding how to live a meaningful life despite the condition.
my presentation provide how can we approach patient with chronic pain, when we suspect psychiatric cause for chronic pain any how we explain chronic psychogenic pain and how we manage.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
3. PAIN
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by
intense or damaging stimuli. The International
Association for the Study of Pain's widely used
definition defines pain as "an unpleasant
sensory and emotional experience associated
with actual or potential tissue damage, or
described in terms of such damage“. however,
due to it being a complex, subjective
phenomenon, defining pain has been a
challenge. In medical diagnosis, pain is
regarded as a symptom of an underlying
4. CLASSIFICATION OF PAIN
The 3 Basic Types of Pain
There are two main classifications of
pain: the common sensical sort that
arises from damaged
tissue (nociceptive pain), and the more
exotic kind that comes from damage to
the system that reports and interprets
damage, the nervous
system (neuropathic pain), and other
pain
5.
6. Nociceptive pain is caused by stimulation
of sensory nerve fibers that respond to stimuli
approaching or exceeding harmful intensity
(nociceptors), and may be classified according
to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most
common categories are "thermal" (e.g. heat or
cold), "mechanical" (e.g. crushing, tearing,
shearing, etc.) and "chemical" (e.g. iodine in a
cut or chemicals released during inflammation).
Some nociceptors respond to more than one of
these modalities and are consequently
designated polymodal.
7. Nociceptive pain may also be divided into
"visceral", "deep somatic" and "superficial
somatic" pain. Visceral structures are highly
sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation,
but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that
normally evoke pain in other structures, such as
burning and cutting. Visceral pain is diffuse,
difficult to locate and often referred to as distant,
usually superficial, structure. It may be
accompanied by nausea and vomiting and may be
described as sickening, deep, squeezing, and
dull. Deep somatic pain is initiated by stimulation
of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood
vessels, fasciae and muscles, and is dull, aching,
poorly-localized pain. Examples
8. Superficial pain is initiated by activation of
nociceptors in the skin or other superficial tissue,
and is sharp, well-defined and clearly located.
Examples of injuries that produce superficial somatic
pain include minor wounds and minor (first
degree) burns.
9. Neuropathic
Neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or
disease affecting any part of the nervous
system involved in bodily feelings
(the somatosensory system).Neuropathic pain
may be divided into peripheral, central, or mixed
(peripheral and central) neuropathic
pain. Peripheral neuropathic pain is often
described as "burning", "tingling", "electrical",
"stabbing", or "pins and needles". Bumping the
"funny bone" elicits acute peripheral neuropathic
pain.
10. Allodynia
Allodynia is pain experienced in response to a
normally painless stimulus. It has no biological
function and is classified by stimuli into dynamic
mechanical, punctate and static. In
osteoarthritis, NGF has been identified as being
involved in allodynia.The extent and intensity of
sensation can be assessed through locating
trigger points and the region of sensation, as
well as utilising phantom maps.
11. Phantom pain is pain felt in a part of the body that has
been amputated, or from which the brain no longer
receives signals. It is a type of neuropathic pain.
The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb
amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees
is 54%.One study found that eight days after
amputation, 72% of patients had phantom limb pain,
and six months later, 67% reported it. Some amputees
experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or
quality; others experience several bouts of pain per
day, or it may reoccur less often. It is often described
as shooting, crushing, burning or cramping. If the pain
is continuous for a long period, parts of the intact body
may become sensitized, so that touching them evokes
pain in the phantom limb. Phantom limb pain may
accompany urination or defecation.
12. Psychogenic
Psychogenic pain
Psychogenic pain also
called psychalgia or somatoform pain, is pain
caused, increased, or prolonged by mental,
emotional, or behavioral factors. Headache,
back pain, and stomach pain are sometimes
diagnosed as psychogenic.Sufferers are often
stigmatized, because both medical professionals
and the general public tend to think that pain
from a psychological source is not "real".
However, specialists consider that it is no less
actual or hurtful than pain from any other source.
13. PAIN SCALE
A pain scale measures a patient's pain intensity
or other features. Pain scales are based on trust,
cartoons (behavioral), or imaginary data. Self-
report is considered primary and should be
obtained if possible. Pain measurements help
determine the severity, type, and duration of the
pain, and are used to make an accurate diagnosis,
determine a treatment plan, and evaluate the
effectiveness of treatment. Pain scales are
available for neonates, infants, children,
adolescents, adults, seniors, and persons whose
communication is impaired. Pain assessments are
often regarded as "the 5th Vital Sign".
14. In children the pain is measured by faces pain
scale and color analog scale
"These faces show how much something can
hurt. This face [point to left-most face] shows no
pain. The faces show more and more
pain [point to each from left to right] up
to this one. [point to right-most face] It shows
very much pain. Point to the face that shows
how much you hurt [right now]."
Score the chosen face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, counting
left to right, so "0" equals "No pain" and "10"
equals "Very much pain." Do not use words like
"happy" and '"sad." This scale is intended to
measure how children feel inside, not how their
face looks.
16. Visual color analog scale
A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a
measurement instrument that tries to measure
a characteristic or attitude that is believed to
range across a continuum of values and cannot
easily be directly measured. It is often used in
epidemiologic and clinical research to measure
the intensity or frequency of various symptoms.
For example, the amount of pain that a patient
feels ranges across a continuum from none to
an extreme amount of pain. From the patient's
perspective, this spectrum appears continuous
± their pain does not take discrete jumps, as a
categorization of none, mild, moderate and
severe would suggest. It was to capture this
idea of an underlying continuum that the VAS
was devised.
19. o Pain
Pain Level
0
No Pain
No pain at all, you feel perfectly normal.
Minor Pain Levels
Minor pain levels generally do not interfere with most day to day activities. Able to adapt to pain
psychologically and with medication or devices such as cushions.
Pain Level 1
Very Mild
Very light barely noticeable pain, like a mosquito
bite or a poison ivy itch. Most of the time you
never think about the pain.
Pain Level 2
Discomforting
Minor pain, like lightly pinching the fold of skin
between the thumb and first finger with the other
hand, using the fingernails. People can react
differently to this self-test.
Pain Level 3
Tolerable
Very noticeable pain, like an accidental cut, a
blow to the nose causing a bloody nose, or a
doctor giving you an injection. The pain is not so
strong that you cannot get used to it. Eventually,
most of the time you don't notice the pain, as
you have adapted to it.
20. Moderate Pain Levels
Moderate pain levels interfere with many daily activities. These pain
levels usually require some lifestyle changes but you can remain
independent, however, you are unable to adapt to the pain.
Pain Level 4
Distressing
Strong, deep pain, like an average
toothache, the initial pain from a
bee sting, or minor trauma to part of
the body, such as stubbing your toe
real hard. So strong you notice the
pain all the time and cannot
completely adapt. This pain level
can be simulated by pinching the
fold of skin between the thumb and
first finger with the other hand,
using the fingernails, and squeezing
real hard. Note how the simulated
pain is initially piercing but becomes
dull after that.
21. Pain Level 5
Very Distressing
Strong, deep, piercing pain, such as
a sprained ankle when you stand on
it wrong or mild back pain. Not only
do you notice the pain all the time,
you are now so preoccupied with
managing it that you normal lifestyle
is curtailed. Temporary personality
disorders are frequent.
Pain Level 6
Intense Pain
Strong, deep, piercing pain so strong
it seems to partially dominate your
senses, causing you to think
somewhat unclearly. At this point you
begin to have trouble holding a job or
maintaining normal social
relationships. Comparable to a bad
non-migraine headache combined
with several bee stings, or a bad
back pain
22. severe Pain Levels
Severe pain levels mean you are unable to engage in your normal
activities. The patient is considered disabled and unable to function
independently.
Pain Level 7
Very Intense Pain
Same as 6 except the pain
completely dominates your senses,
causing you to think unclearly about
half the time. At this point you are
effectively disabled and frequently
cannot live alone. Comparable to an
average migraine headache.
Pain Level 8
Horrible Pain
Pain so intense you can no longer
think clearly at all, and have often
undergone severe personality
change if the pain has been present
for a long time. Suicide is frequently
contemplated and sometimes tried.
Comparable to childbirth or a real
bad migraine headache.
23. Pain Level 9
Excruciating
Pain so intense you cannot tolerate
it and demand pain killers or
surgery, no matter what the side
effects or risk. If this doesn't work,
suicide is frequent since there is no
more joy in life whatsoever.
Comparable to throat cancer.
Pain Level 10
Unimaginable Pain
Pain so intense you will go
unconscious shortly. Most people
have never experienced this level of
pain. Those who have suffered a
severe accident, such as a crushed
hand, and lost consciousness as a
result of the pain and not blood loss,
have experienced level 10.