The document discusses the Pahl and Beitz model of conceptual design. It explains that Pahl and Beitz introduced a systematic method for conceptual design of new products in 1977. The method has since been improved and expanded with new techniques and tools, forming an integrated, customer-driven conceptual design method (ICDM). The document provides a brief explanation of three tools used in ICDM: an enriched quality function deployment for task definition, conceptual failure mode analysis, and design quality measurement for evaluating generated concepts. It notes that other new tools in ICDM include design-to-cost analysis, robustness evaluation and improvement, risk and time-to-market analysis, and direct synthesis optimization. ICDM has been used successfully