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Packaging and distribution
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- 2. PACKAGING AND DISTRIBUTION • Accelerated &Real-Time Aging • Altitude Testing • Climatic Conditioning Testing • Cold Chain Testing • Container Compression Test • Dangerous Goods Package Testing • Impact & Drop Testing • Package Transportation Testing • Rub & Abrasion Testing • Shock Testing • Temperature & Humidity Testing • Vibration Testing
- 3. WHAT IS PACKAGE TRANSPORTATION TESTING? Package transportation testingis used to determine how a packaged product will perform under simulated environmental and distribution conditions. The tests will determine if the packaging and cushioning materials being used will protect its contents while being transported and stored.
- 4. WHY PACKAGE TRANSPORTATION STUDY ? • To validatepackage performance • To reduce product damage in transit • To introduce an appropriate level of package protection • To evaluate whether cost savings can be made by removing excessive packaging
- 5. PACKAGING TEST INCLUDE • Protocol andtest plan • Sampling programs • Transportation testing • Shelf life – Stability studies – Aging (accelerated and real time) • Integrity testing: – Bubble leak – Tensile/peel – Dye penetration – Vacuum decay – Burst test – Microbial challenge
- 6. SHOCK TESTING • short durationof high amplitude pulses that simulate a sudden acceleration. • similar to vibration analysis • simulate shocks and impacts to define the degree product is damaged /fails. • Calibrated vibration equipment is used expose to poor mechanical layout, miss-alignment of components, and weaknesses in brittle materials like plastic and glass. STANDARDS: ASTM D880, D999, D4728 and D6344, IEC 60068-2-6, IEC 60068-2-27 and IEC 60068-2-29.
- 7. VIBRATION TESTING • Random andsine test methods are used for vibration testing. • Random vibration is better simulation of actual transport and preferred method. • It will stimulate and accelerate mechanical fatigue by exposing weaknesses, deformities, cracks, imperfections • Exposes poor connectivity on connectors and overall poor mechanical layout. • Sinusoidal, /sine, is used in conjunction with the random method to determine and observe resonances. • It will stimulate and accelerate unwanted resonances, which, if not detected and fixed, will lead to early life failure.
- 8. HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE TESTING What is HumidityTesting? • Exposing products to humidity stress in an environmental chamber precipitates corrosion by causing oxidation, contamination, and electro migration defects. • Humidity can penetrate porous materials causing leakage between electrical conductors. • Moisture can cause swelling in material and is also an important stress factor when evaluating coatings and seals. What is Temperature Testing? • Temperature testing is the process of subjecting units under test to extreme heat and/or cold, as dictated by relevant standards or by the Customer, in order to reveal possible latent defects or areas of concern. • The imposition of temperature stress is one of the most common test methods in order to simulate real-world storage and distribution conditions.
- 9. CONTAINER COMPRESSION TESTING To determining thebehavior of packaging and/or products under a crushing or compressive force. This testing is used in both package and product design verification to determine the strength and structural integrity. This testing is intended to recreate compressive loads that may occur during warehouse storage or vehicle transport. • Minimize damage costs and ensure the product’s packaging will be adequate to give high levels of protection for worldwide distribution • Determine if the packaging can withstand being stacked, height it can be stacked without damage
- 10. RUB AND ABRASION TESTING • Abrasion/rub testingis used to evaluate the scuffing /rubbing resistance of the printed or coated surface of paper, paperboard, film, container board, corrugated board, and other materials. The test is used to assess what damage to printed materials can occur during shipment, storage, and handling. • Abrasion between materials during shipment, storage, and handling can cause product appearance issues that may result in a reduction of legibility to critical product information. The reduced legibility of print on labels or other materials can be detrimental on medical device and pharmaceutical products. • Methods: Dry rub, Wet rub, Wet bleed or transfer, Wet smear and Functional rub • Applicable to labels, folding cartons, corrugated boxes, inserts, circulars, and other packaging materials that have graphics applied on a flat substrate.
- 11. AGING STUDIES • Accelerated agingis used to simulate the effects of real-time aging by subjecting samples to elevated temperatures for specific periods of time. It also helps provide data that allows the manufacturer to accurately predict the effect of real-time aging on a package and its enclosed product. • Manufacturer must also conduct real-time studies in order to substantiate the data generated during the accelerated aging process. • Accelerated aging techniques are based on the chemical reactions involved the deterioration of materials follow the Arrhenius reaction rate function. This function states that a 10°C increase /decrease in the temperature of a homogenous process results in approximately two times or ½ time change in the rate of a chemical reaction. • At 55°C, 6.5 weeks is equivalent to one year on-the-shelf. For example, at 55°C, 13.0 weeks would be equivalent to two years, and 32.5 weeks is equivalent to five years.
- 12. CLIMATIC CONDITION TESTING • Testing, involvesexposing a package / product to different controlled levels of temperature and humidity inside a calibrated test chamber. This simulates a range of climatic changes that may occur during distribution. • Different environments create different changes in physical properties of a product or packaging. The tests including humidity and thermal testing, simulate varying extremes of hot, cold, dry, and humid environments that cause degradation in the product or package. • These conditions can expose flaws in packaging, such as seals and glue joints becoming impaired and packaging getting damaged, impairing the package’s ability to protect the product
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