This document provides guidance for a final project on developing plans to teach phonemic awareness in the classroom. It includes directions to incorporate at least one technology tool explored in the course and details for phonemic awareness activities. The template has various sections to fill out over the course of sessions, including general information, assessments of students' phonemic awareness, strategies for targeting skills, and reflections. The strategies proposed target skills like syllable segmentation, blending, and manipulation using manipulatives, games, and recordings.

1. Supporting Phonemic
Awareness in the Classroom
Final Project
Ann Wilder

2. Final Project Directions
As a final project, you will develop plans for teaching phonemic awareness in your
classroom, including plans for assessment procedures, analysis, and activities. This final
project template will also include one example of a phonemic awareness assessment and
analysis on a student.
Your plans should incorporate at least one of the technology tools explored in this course
and include details for other types of phonemic awareness strengthening activities.
Complete this template as the course progresses. This template is due to your facilitator
at the end of Session Six. At that time, your facilitator will review your final project and
provide feedback for you in the Notes section.

3. Part I: General Information
(Session One)
GRADE:: Kindergarten
LESSON BLOCK LENGTH: 20 minutes
One way I might target phonemic awareness in a kindergarten class would be by introducing an object found in class, like a piece of paper. I
would then say, “This is a paper. It begins with the sound /p/ . Paper” to isolate and draw attention to the initial sound /p/ . I would also
draw attention to the way I was articulating the sound by pointing to my lips as I said /p/. I would ask the students to select an item within
the room that started with a /p/ sound, like they heard in “paper”. The educators in the room would help guide the students if they didn’t
initially select an item with the correct sound, by asking them to look at their lips (the teacher’s lips and their own lips in a mirror) while they
say the item’s name and then contrasting the name of the item with the word paper. The children would gather the items, bring them back to
the circle, and show and say the name of the item with emphasis on the initial sound. Each student would listen and vote thumbs up or
thumbs down to whether or not their peer had presented the correct sound.. I would want to make sure each child was successful in front of
their peers so that they don’t feel discouraged or embarrassed if they didn’t grasp the concept immediately. To be certain that the students
were able to discriminate the sound /p/ from another phoneme, I would include a few items with incorrect sounds that would be presented by
myself, a paraprofessional, or the classroom teacher.

4. Part II: Phonemic Awareness
(Session One)
Reflect on one of the readings from this session. Some guiding questions could be: Why is phonemic awareness an important step in learning to
read? Do you currently assess student’s phonemic awareness? If not, what are the early indicators that allow you to identify if a student is at
risk of reading difficulty?
I found the article The Importance of Phonemic Awareness in Learning to Read, by Wesley A. Hoover to be very interesting and after reading it I
feel more confident in my ability to explain phonemic awareness. Phonemic awareness is an essential step in learning to read. A phoneme is the
smallest unit that carries linguistic meaning. When blended together phonemes form words. If a child is unable to discriminate, isolate, identify
and manipulate these sounds, it is likely that it will also be difficult for him to learn to read and write, as the letters in our language are
representative of the phonemes. The understanding that these phonemes carry meaning is crucial. Without this understanding, a child might
not understand the need to pronounce (and in the later stages, spell) all the phonemes within a word. Many of the students on my caseload
have “phonological processing disorders” and their speech is unintelligible not because they are unable to articulate the sounds, but because
they have not internalized that each sound is important to the meaning. For example, a child might omit the /s/ in the word “spin” producing an
entirely different word “pin”, and without direct instruction, they won’t understand that the meaning has changed. I have had a few
opportunities to assess students’ phonemic awareness within brief subtests included in speech and language assessments, such as the Clinical
Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fourth Edition, however this task usually falls to the reading specialists in the schools I have worked. Early
indicators that would suggest that a student I was working with might be at risk for reading difficulty would be speech sound disorders,
phonological processing disorders (as mentioned above), as well as overall language issues.

5. Part III: Linguistic Components
(Session Two)
From the Yopp article, which activities look promising and intriguing? Which ones might be easiest to incorporate into your current curriculum? Which activities, before assessing
your students, do you think would benefit your classroom most?
The Yopp article provided many wonderful activities that I am excited to incorporate into my lessons. As a specialist, my goal is to find activities that not only target the goals and
objectives on my students’ IEPs, but to also incorporate the curriculum and standards from their classroom. The activities that I was especially excited about implementing
with my students, involved the syllable manipulation. I liked the ideas about clapping out syllables, using cubes or other manipulative to represent each syllable in a word,
and thought the idea of doing a whole body action for each syllable of a word would go over really well with some of my students who benefit from a lot gross motor
activity to keep their bodies organized and their minds engaged. While targeting syllable manipulation, I could also target students’ IEP goals relative to their speech. I
have had students who simplified the production of a word by omitting a syllable (such as producing “banana” as “nana” or “pajamas” as “jamas”). I would demonstrate
how many words consist of more than one syllable or parts. I would first demonstrate by clapping out each syllable while saying the name of a variety of objects in the
room. I would then ask the child to follow along with me. I could use the ideas in the Yopp article to further demonstrate and mark each syllable in the words we were
targeting.
When working within a student on my caseload’s class, I sometimes like to do a group lesson that will help out my particular student as well as add to the learning experience of
the entire class. In that situation I don’t always know the other students very well and have never assessed them. In that case, I would select an activity that was
somewhat easier, such as matching and then isolating initial sounds. If my student is working on using the /f/ phoneme, I might use the idea of the Hungry Thing and
instead of doing sound manipulation, I might initially have a bunch of items displayed and say that the monster’s name is Finn and he only likes to eat things that start with
the /f/ sound, like in his name. I would begin the lesson with saying the name of the item a child selected and ask the class if it started the same as “Finn”. After a few
rounds I would determine if we needed to make the activity more challenging. I would switch to asking sound the child heard at the beginning of the name of the item and
ask if it began with the target sound /f/ the monster could eat it.

6. Part IV: Audio Recording Practice
(Session Two)
Share your URL to your practice audio recording here:
http://cinch.fm/awilderslp/536064
Reflect on this practice. How do you imagine audio recordings will help you teach and your students learn about phonemic awareness?
I would imagine that this could be a really useful tool for teaching about phonemic awareness. If I was working with a large group of
children, I could break some off to a listening center to listen to a podcast I had created. The podcasts could introduce a skill or reinforce a
skill. I could even create different lessons that my students could go home and do with their parents to reinforce what we had done in
class. So many different phonemic awareness skills could be targeted, including identifying phonemes as same or different, identifying
rhymes, identifying the number of phonemes in a word. I bet my students would also enjoy creating their own recordings. I can imagine
students pairing off and recording themselves as they come up with rhyming words, words that start with the same phonemes, or
“quizzing” each other on the number of phonemes in a variety of words. There are a multitude of ways this technology could be
incorporated into teaching about phonemic awareness.

7. Part V: Student Assessment
(Session Three)
I will be using the Younger Student Pre-Assessment to evaluate my 6y8m old daughter's phonemic awareness
http://cinch.fm/awilderslp/phonemic-awareness-course/537332

8. Part VI: Analysis
(Session Three)
In my analysis of my daughter's phonemic awareness, I found that she was secure in her ability to recognize rhymes and with matching a
phoneme sound with an image. When asked what sound "insect" began with she was able to answered with the short 'i' sound and with
"plate" she reduced the blend to just /p/. I discovered that her sound blending skills seem to be developing well. She got 6/8 correct and
her errors were with ending sounds. On "train", she ended the sound with /k/ so I'm not sure if she didn't hear me correctly or if she
couldn't hold all the sound in her memory to blend. My guess is the former since she got harder words with more sounds, such as
"shrimp" and "black" correct. She also missed the ending /t/ in "reached“. The area that my daughter had the most difficulty, was with
phoneme segmentation fluency. On that part of the assessment she got 60/75 sounds. Analysis of her errors showed a pattern of
blending ending sounds together, such as /n/ and /d/ in 'ground', as well as reverting to a more onset/rime pattern, for example "seen"
was produced as /s/ plus /een/. Based on the results of this assessment I will be targeting phoneme segmentation when we begin our
lessons.

9. Part VII: Strategies
(Session Four)
To target segmentation of phonemes I will use a list of real word and nonsense word lists that were part of the summer lists sent home with all
kindergarten students. In my first activity I will utilize colored beads as a visual and tactile marker of the individual phonemes. I will start
by reviewing how words are made up of different sounds that we call “phonemes.” I will remind my student how earlier we blended the
phonemes to make words and demonstrate with an easy CVC word, such as cat or dog. For example, I will demonstrate by saying the
individual phonemes taking a bead and setting it in front of me for each sound. I would then push the beads together, either just on the
table or on a string if I could be certain the fine motor task of stringing the beads wouldn’t over complicate the task for the individual
child, to illustrate the blending of the phonemes together to produce the target word.
Following the review, I would introduce the segmentation task. I would remind the student again that words are made up of individual sounds
called “phonemes” . I would demonstrate the task by saying another easy CVC word and moving a bead forward from a pile for each
phoneme. For example, I would say, “When I say the word ‘cap’ I hear 3 different phonemes, /k/ /a/ /p/ ‘cap’” using a bead to show
each sound and then sliding my finger below them to blend them back together to reform the word. I would start with CVC words and
move on to words that included a blend for more of a challenge.
Another way I would target this skill, would be within a gross motor game similar to “Mother May I” or “Red Light Green Light.” I would again
tell my student that words are made up of individual phonemes. I would demonstrate with a CVC word, saying the word and hopping
forward as I said each phoneme and saying the word again. I think this activity would be a good movement activity for the sensory
seeking students I frequently work with and the game aspect would help with motivation.
Once my student was secure in segmenting tasks, I would move on to phoneme manipulation.

10. Part VII: Strategies, cont.
(Session Four)
When developing these lessons I considered that many of my students are receiving other services, such as occupational or physical therapy. I
was imagining that the techniques I used might carryover well into a co-treatment session. Using the beads in the segmenting task, the
OT could work on fine motor skills, such as pincer grasp and hand eye coordination, while I was targeting the literacy task as well as
possible articulation issues. The gross motor game could be incorporated into a co-treatment session with a physical therapist. I believe
that this would help with carryover of skills because they would be worked on in multiple environments and it would increase efficiency
because we are able to target multiple skills within a single activity. I also tried to keep the materials simple. I wanted items that could be
found in multiple settings (not just the classroom) or didn’t require any specific materials. This was important to me because I don’t
always work in the same room or location. I wanted the activities to be things I could recreate in whatever setting I was in at the moment
and activities that could be shared easily with parents so skills could continue to be worked on at home.
I found the Yopp article to be a wonderful resource when developing these tasks. I also tried to use the activities that were presented on this
http://www.readingresource.net/phonemicawarenessactivities.html as my guide.

11. Part VIII: Common Core Standards
(Session Four)
The Common Core Standards were under Kindergarten and First Grade Phonological Awareness.
2. Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).
b. Count, pronounce, blend and segment. (Kindergarten)
d. Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in three-phoneme (consonant-vowel-consonant or CVC) words.
*(This does not include CVCs ending with /l/, /r/, or /x/.) (Kindergarten)
b. Orally produce single syllable words by blending sounds (phonemes), including consonant blends. (First Grade)
c. Isolate and pronounce initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in spoken single-syllable words. (First Grade)
d. Segment spoken single-syllable words into their complete sequence of individual sounds (phonemes). (First Grade)
Massachusetts Proposed Additional Standards
MA.PK.R.F.2 Phonological awareness: Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).

12. Part IX: Technology
(Session Five)
Unfortunately, at this time I do not have access to many technologies in my own work space, however I learned within this course that I should
look for an pursue grants for technology. Using what I currently have available to me, I will set up a separate desktop for my students on
my teacher computer so that my students can use programs and read documents without having access to my private files. When
working with a small group, I would like to use the various websites presented in this course, especially the PBS kids one
(http://pbskids.org/island/) and the Quia website that was developed by a fellow speech-language pathologist (
http://www.quia.com/pages/pbordasphonemic.html) and allow my students opportunities to independently work on a skill while working
with other students on skills that continue to need strengthening.
I was disappointed to hear that the Cinch website will no longer be operating, but am excited to try out http://www.ipadio.com/ . I will use this
technology to allow students to record themselves as they participate in rhyming, alliteration, sound isolating, segmenting, blending, and
various other phonemic awareness tasks. I think they will find it motivating to use the technology, it will allow them some auditory
feedback as they listen to themselves, and it will allow me to monitor their skills level if I am not always able to work directly with them. I
also think I could use podcasting to present new information to parents and develop extension activities that can be done at home related
to what we have been working on that week.

13. Part X: Reflection
(Session Six)
In the past seven weeks I feel that I have really developed in my knowledge of phonemic awareness and best practices for targeting skills to
promote literacy. Taking this class as a speech-language pathologist, and not a classroom teacher, initially made me a little worried.
Having completed these weeks, however, I feel more confident in how my unique skills connect to the establishment of literacy and that
many activities that I would normally do with a student with articulation or phonological processing disorders can also be used to target
the phonemic awareness skills that are important for a student learning to read. When I perform these activities with my caseload, I will be
explicit when explaining why we are working on a particular skill as it is important for them to understand that these speech and language
skills are also critical skills for learning to read. I feel prepared to utilize what I learned in this course to perform assessments, develop
lessons, tie them into my specific skill area (speech/language), and justify my role.
I was not very familiar with the Core Standards, but they will be my “go to” from now on when I am writing goals and objectives on student
IEPs; I am already targeting many of those skills but I think it will be beneficial to all parties working with the student to use common
language (plus it will save me time with figuring out the perfect wording!). From looking through IEPs at my new position, I can see that
they already are writing IEPs in this way.
I had thought I was pretty proficient with technology and thought I was more knowledgeable about methods for maintaining confidentiality. I
never really considered that a student could access my files if I allowed him to use my computer or how important it was to have a special
email, separate from my personal email, for creating and accessing online technology. It also never occurred to me to look for grants so
that I could have the same resources as other professionals in my building. This will be a goal of mine when I return to school.
I am looking forward to applying what I have learned about phonemic awareness when I return to work and to continue my education with the
next course in this series.

14. Graduate Credit Work