2. Top Ten Ways to Become a High-Performing
System
2. Long-term vision
3. Sustained leadership
4. Ambitious standards
5. Make equity an operational reality
6. High-quality teachers and school leaders

3. Top Ten takeaways continued
6. Alignment and coherence
7. Intelligent accountability
8. Effective use of resources
9. Student motivation and engagement
10. Global and future orientation

4. China: From the Cultural Revolution to
Educational Giant
1966-76: Cultural Revolution-schools closed
1976-86: Universal primary education achieved
1988-Nine years of basic education required
1990-Upper secondary schools expand
1999-2009: Higher education expands from 6 million
to 29.8 million students
The world’s largest school system serving 20% of the
world’s students

5. Improving quality- Shanghai
Mid-1990s…reforms focus on quality
Modernizing curriculum
English as a second language from elementary
Enhance quality of teachers in rural areas
Try to reduce emphasis on public exams
Modernize pedagogy
2009: Shanghai tops world on PISA in reading, math
and science

6. Shanghai: turning around low-performing
schools
 Millions of rural-urban migrants
 Pair high-performing schools with lower performing
schools
 “Strong school receives contract to improve “weak”
school
 Principal works with principal; master teachers work
with teachers on instruction
 Achievement gap between top and bottom reduced

7. China’s Education Roadmap 2010-2020
 Universal preschool for one year
 90% complete upper secondary
 Higher education enrollment increase to 40% of
cohort
 Reduce financing disparities
 Bring up bottom schools
 Modernize curriculum re problem-solving
 Increase the number of world-class universities