This document discusses small hydropower (SHP) plants with an installed capacity of up to 10 megawatts (MW). It defines SHP and provides examples of plant sizes. The document also discusses the objectives of the European Small Hydropower Association (ESHA) in promoting SHP in Europe. Additionally, it provides data on the EU's electricity mix in 2004 and renewable energy mix, and estimates the potential for additional SHP development in Europe.

1. Small hydropower: water for energy Luigi Papetti ESHA

2. ESHA OBJECTIVES Promotion of SHP with an installed capacity up to 10 MW Lobbying for SHP on European level (European Parliament, European Commission, etc.) Support for national SHP associations Information, dissemination, and awareness raising for SHP issues (publications, workshops, conferences) Research on SHP issues (EC-contracts in different programs)

3. SMALL HYDRO DEFINITION “ Hydro electric power plant with an installed (maximum) capacity up to 10 MW”

4. A small hydro plant (6,7 MW)

5. Another small hydro plant (pico hydro, 600 W)

6. This is Large Hydro

7. This is the Largest Hydro ever

8. P [kW] ~ Q [m 3 /s] x H [m] x 7,8 P = electrical power output Q = rated discharge H = net head What do we pay for? Power Energy Rule of thumb for run-of-river plants E [kWh] = P [kW] x 4.500 [h]

9. EU-27 Electricity mix (2004) Source: EC-DG TREN Eurostat

10. EU-27 Renewables mix Source: EREC 100.0% 1307 100.0% 707.5 100% 436.44 Totale RES 1.1% 15 0.4% 3 0.0% 0 Ocean 0.7% 9 0.3% 2 0.0% 0 Solar thermal electricity 1.1% 14 1.0% 7 1.3% 5.5 Geothermal 29.4% 384 50.3% 356 69.6% 303.8 Hydro 23.0% 300 19.5% 138 15.6% 67.9 Biomass for electricity 4.2% 55 1.1% 7.5 0.2% 0.74 PV 40.6% 530 27.4% 194 13.4% 58.5 Wind % TWh % TWh % TWh 2020 2010 2004

11. Potential economic - exploited ~ 250 TWh/year ~ 55 GW installed capacity technical – economic ~ 450 TWh/year ~ 100 GW installed capacity

12. Perspectives multipurpose plants (electricity production combined with drinking water supply systems, waste water treatment plants, irrigation channels) low-head and very low head plants . It is estimated that 1 to 1.5 GW can be installed in Europe using existing dams, weirs, irrigation infrastructures etc, with a very low environmental impact as the infrastructure already exists

13. THE END www.esha.be www.studiofrosio.it

14. Head Flow