This document discusses library consortia. It begins by defining a consortium as separate groups coming together for a common purpose. Consortia originated in economics as companies grouping resources under single management for joint operations. The document then traces the history of consortia from the 17th century relating to marriage through later applications in manufacturing and banking. It describes the phases of consortia development from interlibrary loan to digital libraries. Examples of Indian library consortia are provided across various subject areas. The roles and workflows of consortia are outlined including publishers, aggregators, governance, and user access. Objectives of the study and suggestions for improvements are presented, advocating strengthening existing consortia and resource sharing networks.

1. Name of the course: Academic Writing
Name of the candidate: Shilpa Rani N. R.
Affiliation: Karnataka State Open University, Mysore,
Karnataka
Student ID. : 7be4b6e3e67311e9b8345130821c397d
E-mail ID:shilparani.nr@gmail.com
Ph No.: 8197421488
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2. What is consortium?
Generally, Consortium means-
“coming together of separate groups for a common
purpose”
According to Chartron, the term consortium
originated in the field of economics and refers to
“grouping together of different independent
companies in order to bring the resources (financial or
material) under a single managing body for joint
performance of specific operations”.
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3. History and development of Consortium
 Derived from Latin language,
 Latin plural form is in use i.e. –tia (consortia)
 In the 17th century, it was first adopted in relation to the
association between husband and wife.
 In law, the term still applies to the husband and wife
relationship.
 The term commonly used for “partnership” or “association”
Common definition did not come about until the 1820s.
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4. History and development of consortium…
100 years later the word consortium began to appear in
relation to manufacturing and banking sector
During 1950s and 1960s in the field of science and
education
likely that during this period consortium first began to
appear in the library literature. (Kopp, J 2009)
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5. PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
Phase -I
ILL &
Library
cooperation
Print materials
Phase-II Print and non-print
Library
consortium
E-resourcesPhase-III
Library Network
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6. Overview of consortia in India
Sl.
No.
Name of the consortium Executing organization Year of
establishment
Scope of the subjects
1. Forum for Resource Sharing in
Astronomy and Astrophysics
(FORSA)Consortium
Indian Institute of
Astrophysics
1982 Astronomy and Astrophysics
2. ISI libraries consortium Indian Statistical Institute 1999 Mathematics, statistics and basic sciences
3. TIFR libraries consortium TIFR 1999 Life science, Computer science, mathematics, Physics
and astronomy
4. Indian Institute of Management
Consortium
Indian Institute of Management 2000 Patents, Standards and Business/management
5. Department of Atomic Energy
Consortium
Department of Atomic Energy 2001 Science & Technology
6. RGUHS-HELINET Consortium Rajiv Gandhi University of
Health Science
2003 Medical, Dental, Pharmacy, nursing, Ayurvedha,
homeopathy, phara-medical
7. INDEST-AICTE Consortium IIT, Delhi 2003 Engineering, Science and Technology
8. UGC-INFONET Digital Library
Consortium
INFLIBNET Centre 2004 Science, arts and humanities
9. MCIT Library Consortium Ministry of Communications and
Information Technology
2005 Engineering & Information Technology
10. ERMED Consortium National Medical Library 2008 Medical Sciences
11. Consortium for E-resources in
Agriculture (CeRA)
Indian Council of Agriculture
(ICAR)
2008 Veterinary, Animal, Fisheries and Agricultural Sciences
12. NKRC E-journal Consortium. (CSIR/ DST ) NISCAIR 2009 Science & Technology
13. DRDO Consortium DESIDOC 2009 Engineering, Science & T
14. DeLCON Consortium Department of Biotechnology
(DBT),
2009 Science & Technology
15. N-LIST Consortium INFLIBNET Centre 2010 Access to all resources subscribed under INDEST and
UGC-INFONET digital library consortium
16. VTU consortium VTU 2014 Engineering, science and Technology
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7. Publishers(Science
direct, Springer…)
Aggregators
(Proquest,
EBSCO etc.)
Identification of relevant
e-resources
Governing council
/ Decision making
body
Negotiation,
financial, experts
committee
Governing
board/subject
experts
CONSORTIUM
E-resources providers Management body
Information policy,
advocacy &
communication
Governing laws and
jurisdiction
Library / main server
Client
Interface
Client
Interface
Client
authentication
Archival
policy
Access
control
Security
rules
License
guidelines
CONSORTIA WORK FLOW
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8. Users of consortia
Core members (12B/2F
Institutions, central &
Deemed universities,
National law schools )
CFTI(IITs, NITs, IIMs,
IISc, etc.)
Associate
Members (Private
colleges)
Technical
Institutions
(AICTE funded)
Library/ main
server
Students Research
scholars
Faculty
Feedback
from users
Response evaluation
Access through User ID/ pwd
Remote Access via. Ezproxy and Shibboleth
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9. Statement of the problem
 The very concept of joining hands together to share available
resources among themselves was evolved decades ago.
 ICT (Information and Communication Technology)
 Electronic publishing
 Print version to electronic version
 problems of Individual subscription of e-resources –
- pricing,
- negotiation
- licensing etc..
 consortia to avoid issues faced in individual subscription of e-
resources.
 User needs and budget
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10. objectives of this study are-
 To find out how libraries are benefitted by participating in
consortia –financially
 To find out the current status of print resources usage and e-
resources usage
 To cross check the awareness and usage of e-resources
 To compare the cost factors- i.e. individual subscription costs
and consortia subscription costs of e-resources.
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11. Suggestions
Libraries must use upgraded systems with good
configuration, adequate power backup facility to
provide uninterrupted services
More and more regular training and orientation
programmes are to be arranged at regular intervals to
create awareness among user community and to
library staff in general and in particular NLIST
program subscribed college libraries
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12. Suggestions…(1/2)
Staff needs more workshops on open access resources to
gain knowledge in different disciplines
Library staff needs training in licensing terms of e-
resources, negotiation tactics, and archival rights while
dealing with e-resource venders
Libraries strictly subscribe to e-metrics packages. Which
helps in knowing actual usage statistics in tern guide the
librarian in deciding on continuation or discontinuation of
e-resources
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13. Further Research…(1/2)
Library networks came up with excellent objectives to
share resources among libraries. But, consortia are
just confining as ‘buying clubs of e-resources’.
Hence, library consortium needs to incorporate
advantageous objectives to make consortia a nice
forum to get more benefits in all terms to libraries.
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14. Summary
Strengthening and reengineering of existing consortia is to
make them true vehicles of resource sharing and not merely
sharing of e-journals
Starting new consortia and networks for resource sharing on
suitable basis
Linking of the consortia based networks to achieve nation-wide
network of libraries
This will save enormous amount of money and expedite
research at all levels thereby contributing greatly in national
development
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15. References
 Kaula, P N (1986) Towards resource sharing in libraries: Planning in
library resource sharing, edited by Chandel, A S & Veena Saraf, Luck
now : Print House, 1-15
 Dhiman, Anil K and Yasodha Rani (2007) Resource sharing and library
and information networks. Ess Ess publications, New Delhi.
 UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium: A Revolution in Indian
Higher Education. Retrieved from http://www.klibjlis.com/2.3.19.pdf
(accessed on 17/06/2016)
 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Electronic Information: A Case Study.
Retrieved from crl.acrl.org/content/59/6/502.full.pdf (accessed on
17/06/2016)
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16. Feedback
 Academic Writing course is such a navigator for all aspirants in R& D
field. It starts training or correcting writing skills from the gross root
level.
 Materials are like bible for future reference.
 Very enthusiastic trainers/ Resource persons. Course is very well
planned. Not even a single aspect of Academic writing is left from the
clutches of resource persons. Dr. Ajay Semalty and Dr. Mona Semalty
are very wonderful resource persons.
 I felt very happy and comfortable about the content, material and
presentation. Many thanks from bottom of my heart.
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17. THANK YOU
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