Renewable energy had been monopolized the research area in these past decade up till nowadays, due to its reliability and future in global production of electrical and thermal energy. Narrowing down the scope to the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system, lots of improvements had been implied both theoretically and experimentally. One of the most attractive applications of PVT water or air-based collectors is building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) system, which has undergone rapid developments in recent years. This review paper comprises the research findings on the improvements that had been integrated by PVT systems as well as well as personal and cited remarks on advancements on cooling techniques on PVT system.
Conventional fuels are not free, scarce and expensive, and its future cost and availability are uncertain. Hence, the usage of solar energy in applications will probably increase and further become economically feasible in the near future. Solar energy is free, clean, and renewable and has been widely used in electricity generation and thermal energy via photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system. PVT is a hybrid system consists of a PV panel and a solar collector in a single unit to simultaneously produce electricity and thermal energy. In this review, energy and exergy efficiency for water-based PVT systems is presented. As conclusion, the study on exergy is still limited and is recommended to be furthered in order to obtained useful energy generation by the system.
Review of water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systemsIJECEIAES
The document summarizes research on water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. It discusses the basic concepts of PV/T systems and how nanofluids can improve performance by increasing thermal conductivity. Several studies are reviewed that show nanofluids can enhance the overall efficiency of PV/T systems compared to air or water alone as heat transfer fluids. Key factors like nanoparticle size and concentration, thermal conductivity, preparation methods, and optical properties are considered. The document concludes nanofluids aim to replace existing fluids due to limitations overcome by their improved thermal and optical characteristics.
Indoor and outdoor investigation comparison of photovoltaic thermal air colle...journalBEEI
Photovoltaic technology is one of renewable energy technology very hopeful, especially photovoltaic thermal system or PVT system. A PVT system solar air collector produces hot air and electricity simultaneously. In this study, indoor and outdoor investigation comparison of PVT system solar air collector has tested at the National University of Malaysia. The indoor and outdoor investigation conducted with variation mass flow rates from 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s at the solar intensity of 820 W/m2. Indoor and outdoor evaluation is conducted to precisely evaluate the performance improvement theorized by the researcher. The comparison between the indoor and outdoor outcome purposed to confirm each testing and attraction decision. The outdoor investigation outcomes were agreement with indoor results. Indoor investigation outcomes reliably with outdoor investigation outcomes indicated by accuracy results.
This document summarizes Giulio Vialetto's Ph.D. research on improving energy efficiency in industrial facilities through innovative energy systems and data analysis methods. The research analyzed systems combining solid oxide fuel cells with heat pumps for advanced heat recovery and reversible solid oxide cell systems for combined heat, power, and hydrogen production. Cluster analysis of energy demand data was also studied to better design energy systems and identify opportunities to reduce mismatch between demand and supply. Case studies found primary energy savings of 2-6.5% were possible depending on the production levels and improvements implemented.
Hybrid Photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems more effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy. Two sources of energy are used one of the energy is solar,that converts radiant light into electrical energy and heat energy which will convert heat into electricity.Photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules are used to capture and convert the energy into electricity.Furthermore solar-thermoelectric hybrid system is environmental friendly and has no harmful emissions.Solar-thermoelectric hybrid system increases the overall reliability without sacrificing the quality of power generated.In this paper an overview of the previous research and development of technological advancement in the solar-thermoelectric hybrid systems is presented.
Innovative cogeneration system for residential purposeGiulio Vialetto
This system was presented ad the Global Conference on Global Warning 2015 in Athens. The system is made by a SOFC system and a ground source heat pump (GSHP).
A novel cogeneration system based on SOFC and air source heat pump with heat ...Giulio Vialetto
The system proposed is based on SOFC combined with an air source heat pump (ASHP): exhausted gases of SOFC are mixed with inlet air of heat pump to increase efficiency in particular when evaporator may freeze.
Innovative cogeneration system for residential purpose combined with eletrica...Giulio Vialetto
An innovative cogeneration system based on SOFC, ground source heat pump (GSHP) and a Stirling engine is proposed for residential purpose combined with electrical mobility.
Conventional fuels are not free, scarce and expensive, and its future cost and availability are uncertain. Hence, the usage of solar energy in applications will probably increase and further become economically feasible in the near future. Solar energy is free, clean, and renewable and has been widely used in electricity generation and thermal energy via photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system. PVT is a hybrid system consists of a PV panel and a solar collector in a single unit to simultaneously produce electricity and thermal energy. In this review, energy and exergy efficiency for water-based PVT systems is presented. As conclusion, the study on exergy is still limited and is recommended to be furthered in order to obtained useful energy generation by the system.
Review of water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systemsIJECEIAES
The document summarizes research on water-nanofluid based photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. It discusses the basic concepts of PV/T systems and how nanofluids can improve performance by increasing thermal conductivity. Several studies are reviewed that show nanofluids can enhance the overall efficiency of PV/T systems compared to air or water alone as heat transfer fluids. Key factors like nanoparticle size and concentration, thermal conductivity, preparation methods, and optical properties are considered. The document concludes nanofluids aim to replace existing fluids due to limitations overcome by their improved thermal and optical characteristics.
Indoor and outdoor investigation comparison of photovoltaic thermal air colle...journalBEEI
Photovoltaic technology is one of renewable energy technology very hopeful, especially photovoltaic thermal system or PVT system. A PVT system solar air collector produces hot air and electricity simultaneously. In this study, indoor and outdoor investigation comparison of PVT system solar air collector has tested at the National University of Malaysia. The indoor and outdoor investigation conducted with variation mass flow rates from 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s at the solar intensity of 820 W/m2. Indoor and outdoor evaluation is conducted to precisely evaluate the performance improvement theorized by the researcher. The comparison between the indoor and outdoor outcome purposed to confirm each testing and attraction decision. The outdoor investigation outcomes were agreement with indoor results. Indoor investigation outcomes reliably with outdoor investigation outcomes indicated by accuracy results.
This document summarizes Giulio Vialetto's Ph.D. research on improving energy efficiency in industrial facilities through innovative energy systems and data analysis methods. The research analyzed systems combining solid oxide fuel cells with heat pumps for advanced heat recovery and reversible solid oxide cell systems for combined heat, power, and hydrogen production. Cluster analysis of energy demand data was also studied to better design energy systems and identify opportunities to reduce mismatch between demand and supply. Case studies found primary energy savings of 2-6.5% were possible depending on the production levels and improvements implemented.
Hybrid Photovoltaic and thermoelectric systems more effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy. Two sources of energy are used one of the energy is solar,that converts radiant light into electrical energy and heat energy which will convert heat into electricity.Photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules are used to capture and convert the energy into electricity.Furthermore solar-thermoelectric hybrid system is environmental friendly and has no harmful emissions.Solar-thermoelectric hybrid system increases the overall reliability without sacrificing the quality of power generated.In this paper an overview of the previous research and development of technological advancement in the solar-thermoelectric hybrid systems is presented.
Innovative cogeneration system for residential purposeGiulio Vialetto
This system was presented ad the Global Conference on Global Warning 2015 in Athens. The system is made by a SOFC system and a ground source heat pump (GSHP).
A novel cogeneration system based on SOFC and air source heat pump with heat ...Giulio Vialetto
The system proposed is based on SOFC combined with an air source heat pump (ASHP): exhausted gases of SOFC are mixed with inlet air of heat pump to increase efficiency in particular when evaporator may freeze.
Innovative cogeneration system for residential purpose combined with eletrica...Giulio Vialetto
An innovative cogeneration system based on SOFC, ground source heat pump (GSHP) and a Stirling engine is proposed for residential purpose combined with electrical mobility.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermodynamics and Qualitative Comparison of Electric and Liquefied Petroleum...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the thermodynamics and efficiency of electric and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking ranges. It finds that LPG stoves have a thermal efficiency of around 48%, while electric ranges have a higher efficiency between 74-77% due to better conversion of electrical energy into heat. The document proposes designing optimized electric cooking ranges that could provide even greater energy efficiency than current systems by utilizing electrical power already in homes rather than additional hydrocarbon fuels. Replacing LPG and other fuel-based cooking with optimized electric systems could reduce energy costs and dependency on hydrocarbon fuels for cooking.
IRJET- Loss of Load Probability Method Applicability Limits as Function o...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the Loss of Load Probability (LLP) method for sizing standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems and evaluates the applicability limits of the LLP method based on different climate conditions and power consumption types. The LLP method aims to size the PV system collection field and storage field to ensure reliability while decreasing economic costs compared to simpler sizing methods. The document analyzes experimental solar irradiation and power consumption data from real PV systems located in Spain to evaluate the LLP method under different conditions without relying on models or simulations. Key variables in the LLP method like energy production, consumption, storage state of charge, and isoreliability curves are defined. Different power consumption regimes are also categorized to analyze their impact
Enhancement of the output power generated from a hybrid solar thermal systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigates the output power and increased the efficiency of a hybrid Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) modules through utilizing the heat generated from the surface of panels by one axial tracking of the hybrid PV/Tsystem by means of zenith angle and decreasing the heat generated from the PV modules by controlling the flow rate of the system. A comparison between theoretical and experimental work results for fixed and tracking PV/T hybrid system is presented. Comsol software package used to simulate the electromagnetic waves produced by the sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics In the second part of the experimental work, one axial sun-tracking system is designed where the movement of a photo-voltaic module is controlled to follow the Sun’s radiation using a Data acquisition card (DAQ) unit. Finally an active cooling system is designed and conducted to cool the fixed and tracking modules at which an absorber system consists of copper pipe welded with aluminium plate is attached underneath the PV modules to allow water flowing below the modules. In addition to the above an electrical analysis for both systems are presented where I-V, P-V, power with 12 mourning hour’s and electrical efficiency. Beside that the thermal analysis for the fixed and tracking PV modules and the piping water are presented where the input, output temperatures, the total energy of heat losses and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total electrical efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; Comsol Multiphysics; Mat lab; Solid work; Lab view.…
001 160718 energy systems for green buildings20160718-2senicsummerschool
This document summarizes energy systems for green buildings, including solar energy, heat pumps, combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) systems, and their demonstrations at Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Green Energy Laboratory. Solar energy applications like solar water heating and solar cooling with absorption chillers are discussed. Ground source heat pumps and a river water source heat pump system are demonstrated. A movable micro-CCHP system and smart microgrid with photovoltaics, wind, and CCHP are also presented. Experimental results from the green laboratory showcase technologies like solar heating and cooling, ground source heat pumps, and a river water source heat pump.
Experiment study of water based photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) collectorIJECEIAES
Solar radiation can be converted to the electrical energy and thermal energy by photovoltaic panel and solar collector. In this experiment, PV/T collector was designed, fabricated and tested its performance. The experiment conducted on PV/T collector with water flow at mass flow rate 0.012 kg/s to 0.0255 kg/s. The water flow with the stainless stell absorber help the PV/T collector in increasing the convection of thermal heat transfer. The power output increase with increase of radiation. The efficiency of PVT varies with different intensity of radiation which stated in this experiment for 750 W/m2 and 900 W/m2. The analysis of energy and exergy are excuted and results show energy output for water based PV/T collector are 346 W for solar radiation 700 W/m2 and 457 W for solar radiation 900 W/m2. Meanwhile the total exergy output compared to the PV panel without stainless stell absorber, which the exergy increased by 22.48% for 700 W/m2 and 20.87% for 900 W/m2.
This document summarizes numerical analysis of micro channel heat sinks for cooling concentrated photovoltaic modules. It introduces CPV technology and the need for effective cooling. It then describes simulations of straight, serpentine, and combined parallel microchannel designs using ANSYS. Key results found the optimized design had width 0.5mm, aspect ratio 0.125, pitch 0.5mm, and achieved a 10K temperature rise and 8.8kPa pressure drop across 6 channels with 6.35L/min flow.
Experimental study on transient response of fuel celljournalBEEI
This research work discusses a control strategy to enhance the transient response of the fuel cell and boost the real and reactive power flow from grid connected to fuel cell. The current output of the fuel cell depends on the availability of hydrogen in the fuel cell stack, a battery bank is implemented to supply the transient current and to prevent it from hydrogen saturation. The battery should only supply when there is a transient. During steady state the total power is produced by the fuel cell by regulating its hydrogen input. A prototype of the system will be created to study a control scheme which regulates the current from an input source and a battery which is connected to a dc motor. The control philosophy is based on d-q transformation and subsequently generating a reference signal that is tracked by an IGBT based inverter. The speed of the motor is controlled using pulse with modulation. The dynamic modeling of the standalone fuel cell that is connected to a dc motor is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The simulation results show that the control scheme works well, although the dynamic response of the system can be improved. The testing carried on the prototype proves that the concept works well, but a hydrogen control scheme should be developed to improve the efficiency of the control scheme.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A case study on total Energy Conservation opportunities in a Solar power assi...Ambika Prasanna Dhal
This document summarizes a case study on energy conservation opportunities at a solar power-assisted building. It analyzes the current energy consumption at GIET campus and identifies opportunities to reduce usage. An energy audit was conducted to assess lighting, HVAC, motor, and other loads. Conservation measures like efficient lighting, fans, and motors were implemented. While energy usage increased 10% with a new building from 2012-2014, electricity costs decreased 5.61% due to conservation efforts. The study concludes energy conservation can reduce costs and environmental impacts through efficient technologies and operations.
This experimental work is looking at the properties of photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) system, which had designed to increase the output power of the PV panel for the climate of Zarqa, Jordan. Operating temperature of the PV module has a significant impact on the performance of the PV module. However, most of the radiation energy absorbed by the PV panel is converted into heat, which is normally lost and provides no value. In order to decrease the operating temperature of the PV panel, a water cooling system with a control system had designed. Experimentally, when the PV module was operating under active water-cooling condition using the backside cooling technique, the temperature dropped significantly, which led to an increase in the electrical efficiency of solar cells by 6.86%.
This document discusses the simulation and theoretical investigation of transparent glass photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) water collectors. The existing PV/T systems have poor thermal performance, especially on non-sunny days. The authors designed a new PV/T system with transparent photovoltaic panels to overcome this limitation. They used MATLAB Simulink to simulate the system and expected it to have higher performance than existing PV/T systems. The document provides background on PV/T systems, reviews previous related work, describes the experimental setup and formulas used, and explains the theoretical simulation conducted in MATLAB.
Fabrication of new ceramics nanocomposites for solar energy storage and releasejournalBEEI
The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.
The document presents an assessment of fuel cell applications for critical industrial processes. It discusses various fuel cell technologies and their current challenges. A case study examines using a 200 kW phosphoric acid fuel cell system for a semiconductor crystal growth facility to provide reliable premium power. The facility experiences power quality issues that cause shutdowns costing $50,000-$500,000 per hour. The fuel cell system integrated with the existing backup system would cost $9.6 million with an estimated payback period of 4-14 years depending on annual costs of power quality-related losses. The conclusions state that while installation costs are still high, fuel cells can provide clean reliable power for critical industries, and applications with major revenue impacts from outages are most
1. The document describes a control system for a fuel cell based distributed generation system. It includes mathematical models of the solid oxide fuel cell stack, DC/DC boost converters, and three-phase voltage source inverter.
2. Controllers are designed for the DC/DC converters and inverter using PI control schemes. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed combining the individual component models and controllers.
3. Simulation results are presented showing the system performance, including its ability to regulate real and reactive power on the distribution system.
case study on energy conservation and utilization.tamboliameer
1) The document discusses energy conservation and load distribution analysis conducted at VIIT. It analyzed the institute's energy usage and expenses from 2012-2014.
2) Solar panels were installed in 2013, which led to a decrease in electricity expenses from nearly Rs. 11 lakh in 2012 to Rs. 7.98 lakh in 2013 despite increased campus load.
3) Further energy conservation measures helped reduce expenses further to Rs. 5.14 lakh in 2014, representing over 60% savings from 2012 levels.
This document summarizes the consequences of coal-fired power plants converting ("repowering") to natural gas. It discusses three main repowering options and their implications for valve usage and replacement. Environmental regulations are increasingly prohibiting coal and driving utilities to switch to natural gas. This change impacts valve manufacturers, who must adapt to varying valve demands from each repowering method.
This document presents a theoretical analysis of the performance of a hybrid thermoelectric generator composed of n-type Bismuth Telluride and p-type Lead Telluride. The analysis varies the hot side temperature from 80°C to 350°C and the cold side temperature from 30°C to 150°C to determine the impact on output power, voltage, current, efficiency, and other parameters. The results show that a maximum power output of 21.7W is achieved with a hot side temperature of 350°C, cold side of 30°C, and matched load resistance. The figure of merit is calculated to be around 1.28, making this generator suitable for intermediate temperature applications from 250°C to 350
An energy audit was conducted of a college campus to identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption. The audit found the total connected load was 240.39 kilowatts, with the main sources being lighting, fans, and laboratory equipment. Replacing the existing fluorescent lights with LED lights could reduce energy use and costs, as LEDs use less power but provide the same illumination. A full conversion to LEDs across the campus would save over Rs. 200,000 per year in energy costs compared to continuing with fluorescent tubes.
The document discusses energy management and electrical power quality. The goals of energy management are to minimize energy costs and environmental impacts while maintaining production. Key factors in energy management include rising energy prices and environmental pollution. The document also covers types of energy sources, importance of power factor correction, electrical motors, and strategies for improving energy efficiency.
This review presents various research and development, as well as design and performances of bifluid-based PVT systems. Moreover, the development of PVT system is a very promising area of research. PVT systems using in various applications, such as solar drying, solar cooling, water heating, desalination, and pool heating. With the recognition of the potentials and contributions of PV system, considerable research has been conducted to attain the most advancement which may produce reliable and sustainable PVT system. The cooling system’s design refers to the absorber design which mostly focuses on water and air-based PVT systems. An air-based system has been developed through different absorber configurations, air flow modes and single- or double-pass design. Bifluid-based PVT system is used to remove heat accumulated in a PV panel and reuses the waste heat (hot air and water) in an appropriate way. PV, thermal and PVT efficiencies of bifluid PVT systems were 6.6%-18.6%, 31%–90% and 60%-83%, respectively.
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT), which is the popular technology for harvesting solar energy, receive solar energy and convert it into electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. In this review, design, heat transfer, energy modelling and performance analysis of PVT systems are presented. Four types of PVT systems base on heat transfer medium; air-based PVT system, water-based PVT system, the combination of water/air-based PVT system, and nanofluid-based PVT system are presented. In addition, major finding on energy and exergy analysis of PVT systems are summarized.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermodynamics and Qualitative Comparison of Electric and Liquefied Petroleum...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the thermodynamics and efficiency of electric and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking ranges. It finds that LPG stoves have a thermal efficiency of around 48%, while electric ranges have a higher efficiency between 74-77% due to better conversion of electrical energy into heat. The document proposes designing optimized electric cooking ranges that could provide even greater energy efficiency than current systems by utilizing electrical power already in homes rather than additional hydrocarbon fuels. Replacing LPG and other fuel-based cooking with optimized electric systems could reduce energy costs and dependency on hydrocarbon fuels for cooking.
IRJET- Loss of Load Probability Method Applicability Limits as Function o...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the Loss of Load Probability (LLP) method for sizing standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems and evaluates the applicability limits of the LLP method based on different climate conditions and power consumption types. The LLP method aims to size the PV system collection field and storage field to ensure reliability while decreasing economic costs compared to simpler sizing methods. The document analyzes experimental solar irradiation and power consumption data from real PV systems located in Spain to evaluate the LLP method under different conditions without relying on models or simulations. Key variables in the LLP method like energy production, consumption, storage state of charge, and isoreliability curves are defined. Different power consumption regimes are also categorized to analyze their impact
Enhancement of the output power generated from a hybrid solar thermal systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigates the output power and increased the efficiency of a hybrid Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) modules through utilizing the heat generated from the surface of panels by one axial tracking of the hybrid PV/Tsystem by means of zenith angle and decreasing the heat generated from the PV modules by controlling the flow rate of the system. A comparison between theoretical and experimental work results for fixed and tracking PV/T hybrid system is presented. Comsol software package used to simulate the electromagnetic waves produced by the sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics In the second part of the experimental work, one axial sun-tracking system is designed where the movement of a photo-voltaic module is controlled to follow the Sun’s radiation using a Data acquisition card (DAQ) unit. Finally an active cooling system is designed and conducted to cool the fixed and tracking modules at which an absorber system consists of copper pipe welded with aluminium plate is attached underneath the PV modules to allow water flowing below the modules. In addition to the above an electrical analysis for both systems are presented where I-V, P-V, power with 12 mourning hour’s and electrical efficiency. Beside that the thermal analysis for the fixed and tracking PV modules and the piping water are presented where the input, output temperatures, the total energy of heat losses and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total electrical efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; Comsol Multiphysics; Mat lab; Solid work; Lab view.…
001 160718 energy systems for green buildings20160718-2senicsummerschool
This document summarizes energy systems for green buildings, including solar energy, heat pumps, combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) systems, and their demonstrations at Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Green Energy Laboratory. Solar energy applications like solar water heating and solar cooling with absorption chillers are discussed. Ground source heat pumps and a river water source heat pump system are demonstrated. A movable micro-CCHP system and smart microgrid with photovoltaics, wind, and CCHP are also presented. Experimental results from the green laboratory showcase technologies like solar heating and cooling, ground source heat pumps, and a river water source heat pump.
Experiment study of water based photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) collectorIJECEIAES
Solar radiation can be converted to the electrical energy and thermal energy by photovoltaic panel and solar collector. In this experiment, PV/T collector was designed, fabricated and tested its performance. The experiment conducted on PV/T collector with water flow at mass flow rate 0.012 kg/s to 0.0255 kg/s. The water flow with the stainless stell absorber help the PV/T collector in increasing the convection of thermal heat transfer. The power output increase with increase of radiation. The efficiency of PVT varies with different intensity of radiation which stated in this experiment for 750 W/m2 and 900 W/m2. The analysis of energy and exergy are excuted and results show energy output for water based PV/T collector are 346 W for solar radiation 700 W/m2 and 457 W for solar radiation 900 W/m2. Meanwhile the total exergy output compared to the PV panel without stainless stell absorber, which the exergy increased by 22.48% for 700 W/m2 and 20.87% for 900 W/m2.
This document summarizes numerical analysis of micro channel heat sinks for cooling concentrated photovoltaic modules. It introduces CPV technology and the need for effective cooling. It then describes simulations of straight, serpentine, and combined parallel microchannel designs using ANSYS. Key results found the optimized design had width 0.5mm, aspect ratio 0.125, pitch 0.5mm, and achieved a 10K temperature rise and 8.8kPa pressure drop across 6 channels with 6.35L/min flow.
Experimental study on transient response of fuel celljournalBEEI
This research work discusses a control strategy to enhance the transient response of the fuel cell and boost the real and reactive power flow from grid connected to fuel cell. The current output of the fuel cell depends on the availability of hydrogen in the fuel cell stack, a battery bank is implemented to supply the transient current and to prevent it from hydrogen saturation. The battery should only supply when there is a transient. During steady state the total power is produced by the fuel cell by regulating its hydrogen input. A prototype of the system will be created to study a control scheme which regulates the current from an input source and a battery which is connected to a dc motor. The control philosophy is based on d-q transformation and subsequently generating a reference signal that is tracked by an IGBT based inverter. The speed of the motor is controlled using pulse with modulation. The dynamic modeling of the standalone fuel cell that is connected to a dc motor is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The simulation results show that the control scheme works well, although the dynamic response of the system can be improved. The testing carried on the prototype proves that the concept works well, but a hydrogen control scheme should be developed to improve the efficiency of the control scheme.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A case study on total Energy Conservation opportunities in a Solar power assi...Ambika Prasanna Dhal
This document summarizes a case study on energy conservation opportunities at a solar power-assisted building. It analyzes the current energy consumption at GIET campus and identifies opportunities to reduce usage. An energy audit was conducted to assess lighting, HVAC, motor, and other loads. Conservation measures like efficient lighting, fans, and motors were implemented. While energy usage increased 10% with a new building from 2012-2014, electricity costs decreased 5.61% due to conservation efforts. The study concludes energy conservation can reduce costs and environmental impacts through efficient technologies and operations.
This experimental work is looking at the properties of photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) system, which had designed to increase the output power of the PV panel for the climate of Zarqa, Jordan. Operating temperature of the PV module has a significant impact on the performance of the PV module. However, most of the radiation energy absorbed by the PV panel is converted into heat, which is normally lost and provides no value. In order to decrease the operating temperature of the PV panel, a water cooling system with a control system had designed. Experimentally, when the PV module was operating under active water-cooling condition using the backside cooling technique, the temperature dropped significantly, which led to an increase in the electrical efficiency of solar cells by 6.86%.
This document discusses the simulation and theoretical investigation of transparent glass photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) water collectors. The existing PV/T systems have poor thermal performance, especially on non-sunny days. The authors designed a new PV/T system with transparent photovoltaic panels to overcome this limitation. They used MATLAB Simulink to simulate the system and expected it to have higher performance than existing PV/T systems. The document provides background on PV/T systems, reviews previous related work, describes the experimental setup and formulas used, and explains the theoretical simulation conducted in MATLAB.
Fabrication of new ceramics nanocomposites for solar energy storage and releasejournalBEEI
The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.
The document presents an assessment of fuel cell applications for critical industrial processes. It discusses various fuel cell technologies and their current challenges. A case study examines using a 200 kW phosphoric acid fuel cell system for a semiconductor crystal growth facility to provide reliable premium power. The facility experiences power quality issues that cause shutdowns costing $50,000-$500,000 per hour. The fuel cell system integrated with the existing backup system would cost $9.6 million with an estimated payback period of 4-14 years depending on annual costs of power quality-related losses. The conclusions state that while installation costs are still high, fuel cells can provide clean reliable power for critical industries, and applications with major revenue impacts from outages are most
1. The document describes a control system for a fuel cell based distributed generation system. It includes mathematical models of the solid oxide fuel cell stack, DC/DC boost converters, and three-phase voltage source inverter.
2. Controllers are designed for the DC/DC converters and inverter using PI control schemes. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed combining the individual component models and controllers.
3. Simulation results are presented showing the system performance, including its ability to regulate real and reactive power on the distribution system.
case study on energy conservation and utilization.tamboliameer
1) The document discusses energy conservation and load distribution analysis conducted at VIIT. It analyzed the institute's energy usage and expenses from 2012-2014.
2) Solar panels were installed in 2013, which led to a decrease in electricity expenses from nearly Rs. 11 lakh in 2012 to Rs. 7.98 lakh in 2013 despite increased campus load.
3) Further energy conservation measures helped reduce expenses further to Rs. 5.14 lakh in 2014, representing over 60% savings from 2012 levels.
This document summarizes the consequences of coal-fired power plants converting ("repowering") to natural gas. It discusses three main repowering options and their implications for valve usage and replacement. Environmental regulations are increasingly prohibiting coal and driving utilities to switch to natural gas. This change impacts valve manufacturers, who must adapt to varying valve demands from each repowering method.
This document presents a theoretical analysis of the performance of a hybrid thermoelectric generator composed of n-type Bismuth Telluride and p-type Lead Telluride. The analysis varies the hot side temperature from 80°C to 350°C and the cold side temperature from 30°C to 150°C to determine the impact on output power, voltage, current, efficiency, and other parameters. The results show that a maximum power output of 21.7W is achieved with a hot side temperature of 350°C, cold side of 30°C, and matched load resistance. The figure of merit is calculated to be around 1.28, making this generator suitable for intermediate temperature applications from 250°C to 350
An energy audit was conducted of a college campus to identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption. The audit found the total connected load was 240.39 kilowatts, with the main sources being lighting, fans, and laboratory equipment. Replacing the existing fluorescent lights with LED lights could reduce energy use and costs, as LEDs use less power but provide the same illumination. A full conversion to LEDs across the campus would save over Rs. 200,000 per year in energy costs compared to continuing with fluorescent tubes.
The document discusses energy management and electrical power quality. The goals of energy management are to minimize energy costs and environmental impacts while maintaining production. Key factors in energy management include rising energy prices and environmental pollution. The document also covers types of energy sources, importance of power factor correction, electrical motors, and strategies for improving energy efficiency.
This review presents various research and development, as well as design and performances of bifluid-based PVT systems. Moreover, the development of PVT system is a very promising area of research. PVT systems using in various applications, such as solar drying, solar cooling, water heating, desalination, and pool heating. With the recognition of the potentials and contributions of PV system, considerable research has been conducted to attain the most advancement which may produce reliable and sustainable PVT system. The cooling system’s design refers to the absorber design which mostly focuses on water and air-based PVT systems. An air-based system has been developed through different absorber configurations, air flow modes and single- or double-pass design. Bifluid-based PVT system is used to remove heat accumulated in a PV panel and reuses the waste heat (hot air and water) in an appropriate way. PV, thermal and PVT efficiencies of bifluid PVT systems were 6.6%-18.6%, 31%–90% and 60%-83%, respectively.
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT), which is the popular technology for harvesting solar energy, receive solar energy and convert it into electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. In this review, design, heat transfer, energy modelling and performance analysis of PVT systems are presented. Four types of PVT systems base on heat transfer medium; air-based PVT system, water-based PVT system, the combination of water/air-based PVT system, and nanofluid-based PVT system are presented. In addition, major finding on energy and exergy analysis of PVT systems are summarized.
Performance Improvement of Solar PV Cells using Various Cooling Methods: A Re...rahulmonikasharma
This document reviews various cooling methods that can be used to improve the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells. It discusses both active cooling methods that require external power sources, such as fans, pumps or sprays, as well as passive cooling methods that do not require external power, such as using heat pipes, floating the PV panels, or attaching phase change materials. The document finds that cooling methods can lower the operating temperature of PV panels by 5-30 degrees Celsius, leading to efficiency improvements of up to 22% for active methods and up to 15% for passive methods. Maintaining lower temperatures through cooling also helps extend the lifetime of PV panels.
Photovoltaic (PV) cell from solar energy is one of the most widely adopted renewable energy source and commercially available system that can be used in various applications. More appealing application of PV arrays used in thermoelectric (TE) device was it can convert solar thermal energy from temperature difference into electric energy to act as power generators. In this study, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector. The matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation. The effect of various parameters also investigated. The mass flow rate of range 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s and solar intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2 and 800 W/m2 was used to obtain outlet temperature, To in the range about 28.9oC to 43.7oC and PV temperature, Tp about 35.3oC to 60oC.
The document experimentally and numerically investigates the performance of photovoltaic solar modules (PVSMs) using continuous water cooling techniques (CCT) and intermittent water cooling techniques (ICT). Two identical mono-crystalline PVSMs were tested - one connected to a closed-loop water cooling system and one without cooling. Mathematical models were developed and MATLAB was used to simulate performance. Results showed the average cooling rate for ICT and CCT were 3.4804°C/min and 3.1617°C/min, higher than without cooling. Output power, fill factor, and electrical efficiency were also enhanced more with ICT compared to CCT. Energy enhancement for ICT was 6.308% while CCT resulted in
Design of The Cooling System for Optimizing the Performance of Solar PanelIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of three solar panel cooling systems. The cooling systems included two passive systems, one using an acrylic tank and the other using copper heat pipes and an aluminum heat sink. The third was an active water cooling system that pumped water over the solar panel surface. Experimental results showed that the water cooling system maintained the lowest solar panel temperatures, with panel temperatures around 60°C compared to 70°C without cooling. Cooling the panels in this way improved their electrical output and efficiency by reducing thermal losses at high temperatures.
Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System fo...IRJET Journal
- The document discusses the design and performance analysis of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer lab located in Bharatpur, India.
- The peak cooling load of the computer lab is calculated to be 34.94 kW, so a 10TR vapor absorption cooling system is adopted.
- Simulations are carried out using the TRANSOL program to analyze the performance of the solar cooling system using different solar collector types and areas. Parameters like solar fraction, primary energy savings, and electrical COP are evaluated.
- It is concluded that the solar thermal cooling system can achieve good solar fractions between 0.52-0.75 and primary energy savings up to 52% for the considered location and collector areas.
This document presents a comparative economic feasibility study of photovoltaic (PV) heat pump systems for space heating and cooling of two livestock farms in Spain. It analyzes two technical solutions: a grid-connected self-consumption (SC) configuration and an autonomous (AU) configuration using thermal energy storage and a diesel generator backup. Both systems were sized to meet the farms' heating and cooling needs. The economic analysis evaluates the profitability, levelized cost of energy, and savings compared to a grid-only system over a 25-year period. Results show that both PV-HP systems are economically feasible, with the autonomous system offering higher profits from electricity bill savings but the self-consumption system having lower overall energy costs due to
Using Design of Experiments Approach to analysis Factors Effecting on the PV ...ijtsrd
Many factors affect the performance of a PV module. In this experiment, we will use the factorial experimental design method to investigate these factors. Several factors are studied in this experiment such as phase change martial type, PCM thickness, fin length thickness, fin count and the wind speed. A factorial design is often used by scientists wishing to understand the effect of two or more independent variables upon a single dependent variable so applying factorial design in PV parameters will give us the most significant parameter on the temperature of the cells. The statistical results showed that the most significant factors affected on the temperature of the cells are PCM thickness and wind speed. Malik Al-Abed Allah | Mahdy Migdady "Using Design of Experiments Approach to analysis Factors Effecting on the PV Cells" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33065.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/33065/using-design-of-experiments-approach-to-analysis-factors-effecting-on-the-pv-cells/malik-alabed-allah
Solar photovoltaic/thermal air collector with mirrors for optimal tiltsIJECEIAES
This work is the result of a study of a photovoltaic/thermal air collector that concentrates solar radiation using two mobile mirrors to enhance electrical and thermal energy. The study is made for the site of Tetouan (Morocco) (longitude=-5°, latitude=35.25°) for a daily variation during typical days in May, June, September, and December, days considered as clear sky. To prove the effectiveness of the mirrors on the production of both electrical and thermal energy by the collector, we compared their electrical and thermal efficiency in two cases, without and with mirrors at the optimal positions. We validate the obtained simulation results by comparing them to the results from experimental studies published in the literature, for which a strong agreement was obtained. The model estimates the solar energy received by the hybrid collector during the day, to optimize the performance of the fixed collector, we have searched for the values of the optimal daily tilt angles of the two mirrors which allowed us to enhance the quantity of incoming solar radiation on the collector. The tilt angles depend on the sun’s elevation angle, the azimuth angle for typical days of the year.
Novel technique for maximizing the thermal efficiency of a hybrid pveSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper a comparison between numerical model and experimental work results for a fixed Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) hybrid system is presented. The simulation in this work is based on a numerical model in solving the equations and determining the Photovoltaic (PV) cells thermal characteristics using both MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics. COMSOL is simulating the electromagnetic waves produced by the Sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions using Finite Elements Methods (FEM) and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics. A Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) is used to control the solenoid valve operation. In addition to the above a thermal analysis for the fixed PV modules and the piping water is presented where the output water temperatures, rate of heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total thermal efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS; MATLAB; Solid work; Lab view.
This document proposes and evaluates through exergy analysis a theoretical model of a PEM fuel cell with a heat recovery system (PEMFC-HR) for preheating its inlet air. This is done to mitigate performance degradation when the fuel cell operates in extreme cold environments. HOMER and TRNSYS software are used to simulate the yearly load profile of a PEMFC in a standalone solar-hydrogen system for telecommunications in cold climates. A dynamic theoretical model of the PEMFC-HR is built in MATLAB to investigate the impacts of parameters on performance. Exergy analysis is used to theoretically investigate the impacts of ambient temperature and fuel cell power on the exergetic efficiency of PEMFC-HR compared to a PEMFC coupled with an external
Review of Various Cooling Techniques to Improve the Performance of the Solar ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews various cooling techniques that can improve the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. It discusses both active and passive cooling methods. Active methods discussed include forced air cooling using fans, forced water cooling using pumps to circulate water, and photovoltaic thermal systems. Passive methods discussed do not require moving parts and include using phase change materials, heat sinks, and natural convection. The document reviews several studies that have shown these cooling techniques can lower the operating temperature of solar panels and increase their electrical efficiency and power output.
ENERGY SAVINGS IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR USING TWO THERMOELECTRIC MODULES& WAT...ijiert bestjournal
The study deals with hybrid refrigerator that combi nes thermoelectric (TER) and vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) and also entail exp erimental details of combined VCR & TER system. Objective is to configure hybrid refrig erator by introducing two Peltier modules (TER) in domestic refrigerator and to analyze compr essor cycles of conventional refrigerator with TER to increase energy efficiency of vapor com pression cycle. For this comparison of standalone VCR and Hybrid VCR+TER system is carried out. A Peltier module of size 4cm � 4cm � .4cm is introduced in the refrigerator cabinet & t he effect on energy efficiency in terms of trip time of compressor is recorded. The e ffect of Air cooled & Water cooled condenser with TER in different structures is also investigated. It is observed that by introducing thermoelectric effect,energy consumpti on of VCR is reduced by almost 10.92% annually,which accounts for 80 units per year. Thu s ultimately improving COP of the hybrid system with better control on temperature over the total run time.
comparative analysis of solar photovoltaic thermal (pvt) water and solarIJCMESJOURNAL
The present commercial photovoltaic solar cell (PV) converts solar energy into electricity with a relatively low efficiency less than 15%. More than 80% of the absorbed solar energy is dumped into the surroundings as heat after photovoltaic conversion. The electrical efficiency of photovoltaic system drops as its operating temperature rises and for this reason PV cooling is necessary. Therefore, stabilizing the temperature of photovoltaic modules at low level is highly desirable to improve the efficiency. Hybrid solar technology has the advantage of increasing the energy output per unit installed collector area. India as a tropical country is deemed to have a good potential of applying this technology. In this paper, solar PVT (Photovoltaic-Thermal) air and water collector hybrid systems were designed by using a poly crystalline silicon PV module as solar absorber and the comparative study was carried out. Air and water cooling of a commercial PV module configured as PVT air solar collector and PVT water solar collector by forced flow is studied. The energy and exergy performance of the PVT systems has been experimentally determined for various mass flow rates of fluids. The experimental result shows that the combined PVT system has got better performance than the simple PV and solar PVT water hybrid system has better efficiency than both. These systems are simple and suitable for building integration providing space heating depending on the season and for low temperature heating application.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF COOLING OF PV SOLAR PANEL USING FINNED HEAT PIPE TECHN...IAEME Publication
Various solar energy technologies exist and they have different application techniques in the generation of electrical power. The widespread use of photovoltaic (PV) modules in such
technologies has been relatively high costs and low efficiencies. The efficiency of PV panel decreases as the operating temperature increases. This is due to reflection from the top surface, absorption of heat by the parts other than the cell, absorption of heat from the other portion of the spectrum.
This document summarizes a computational study on using finned heat pipes to cool photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model heat transfer from a solar panel through a heat pipe with attached fins. The CFD analysis shows that attaching fins to a heat pipe can reduce the temperature of a solar panel by up to 20°C compared to no cooling. This temperature reduction can increase the panel's efficiency and power output. The study aims to develop a passive cooling system for PV panels using a low-cost finned heat pipe design.
1. The document describes the development of an inexpensive data logger using an Arduino board to collect and store data from solar water heating system regulators made by Resol.
2. The data logger collects measurements from multiple sensors connected to the regulator, including temperature, pump speed, and relay states, and stores the data on an SD card through the Arduino platform.
3. After testing the data logger on a solar water heating plant for a month, recording daily measurements, the data logger showed outstanding performance at an extremely low cost compared to industrial dataloggers.
This document provides a review of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems for renewable energy storage. It discusses how PVT systems simultaneously convert sunlight to both electricity and heat. The introduction defines solar energy and PVT systems. Various types of PVT systems are then described, including air collectors, building-integrated systems, and heat pipe-based collectors. A table compares studies on different PVT system types. Recent trends showing improvements to efficiency are also reviewed, such as a 2016 study achieving 29.7% efficiency. The conclusion states that PVT is a promising solar technology that is being actively researched to further enhance performance.
Similar to Overview on recent photovoltaic module cooling methods: advances PVT systems (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
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resulting the efficiency of the panel in generating energy to decrease. This problem of efficiency’s deficiency
leaded to the improvement of solar energy technology, which the PVT solar panel had been introduced which
had been advantaged as the one that can produce hot water with the same time as electricity as the system’s
operation is at lower temperature. The PVT system had improved the electrical deficiency of the PV system
as heat from the panel had been extracted. The studies on PVT system had been anticipated by lots of
researchers which intended to study on how it can contribute its performances in generating both electrical
and heat energy [7-26].
Further theoretical approaches had been done such for the use of nanofluids as coolants as had been
carried out by Mustafa et al [27] which a theoretical model was performed to evaluate system’s performance
while studied numerically a new configuration of the PVT system which includes the collector tube and
working fluid. In this writing, it will be focusing on the advancements of cooling techniques with
the employement of nanofluid, phase-change material (PCM) and heat pipe in PVT system.
2. CLASSIFICATION ON PV COOLING METHODS
These past years had discovered lots of researches on the advancements in the technology of solar
energy in order to establish reliable energy source. The focuses in the studies can be classified into on how
the improvements had been worked on the cooling system design and the working fluid used as the coolants
for the systems of PVT solar collector.
By recognizing the abilities and contributions of PV system to one’s country, tremendous research
and study had been conducted in order to attain most advancement which may produce reliable and
sustainable PVT system. The cooling system’s design referred to the design of the absorber which mostly
focused on water and air PVT solar system. Foremost, for air-based system had been developed through
different absorber configurations, the air flow mode and using single or double pass design [28].
An optimization on single and double pass PVT system had been designed by Sopian et al. [29] which
the performances had been analyzed for both the cases with varied flow rate of air as well as packing factor,
collector length and duct depth. The study had concluded that the thermal efficiency generated by double-
pass system was higher by 8% as it produced 32-34% compared to single-pass which produced 24-28% while
the combined efficiency for double-pass also higher than the single-pass system, producing 30-35%
and 40-45%.
As shown in Figure 1, PV cooling methods can be categorised into two types are: (i) base on cooling
system’s design, and (ii) base on type of coolants. PV cooling method using fluid such air, water, bifluid
(air+water) known as conventional photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems. PV cooling method using phase
change material (PCM), nanofluid and heat pipe known as advances PVT systems.
Figure 1. Classifications of PV cooling methods
3. PVT SYSTEM WITH PCM
The integration of phase change material (PCM) to the PVT system often related to the employment
of it along nanofluids which acted as coolants. PCM acts to store heat energy. It absorbs sensible heat
sensibly until it reaches melting temperature [30]. PCM has been engaged with nanofluid-based PVT to
control heat capacitance of the system. This purposed to maintain electrical efficiency and to increase the
overall efficiency in the same operation time. Higher efficiency had been attained by employing nanofluid
due to the establishment of high thermal conductivity [31].
Delisle and Kummert [32] also stated the validation in assuming that more improvement of the PVT
systems can be done by applying different design structures besides employing various materials. However,
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in the same time, they must be within an acceptable amount as to avoid cause poor costs of energy or
extended pay-back periods. Beforehand, there were also more advance research in applying PCM as
the coolant for PVT system. There were lots previous and current study on preparation, characterization,
properties and applications of nanofluids. One had been conducted by Devinderan and Amir [33] where
focusing on preparation of metal, metal oxides nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids as well as the methods
applied in studying the features of them, both physically and chemically.
An outlook had been conducted which focused on the uses of PCM for PV module thermal
regulation and electrical efficiency improvement. Throughout the research, it can be described that
the system may not be practicable in economical term to enhance PV conversion efficiency as the main
requirement [34]. Beforehand, an indoor analysis as well as computational study had been carried out by Jay
et al. [35] which focusing on the performance of PV-PCM system. A honeycomb structure made up of
aluminum was used to capsulate the PCM which purposed to boost heat conduction. From the study, it was
reported that there was improvement of about 18% in electrical efficiency compared to the stand alone
PV panel.
An experimental study had been done by Huang et al. [36] which validated numerical model of
PV/PCM. The analyzed system designed by with and without fins, integrating with RT25 and paraffin wax
used as PCM. It was confirmed that, the employment of designing fins to the system was significant on
thermal management of PV/PCM. Meanwhile, the effect of PCM thickness on the temperature reduction of
the panel module by Indartono et al. [37] had led to an observation of attaining optimum PCM thickness
based on CFD simulation results among three PCM thickness. The optimum thickness was 80 mm among
the three thickness variables which were considered.
4. PVT SYSTEM WITH NANOFLUID FLOW
A theoretical study had been conducted by Tyagi et al. [38] with the presence of aluminum/water
nanofluids had been implied on direct absorption solar collector and the performance of it was being
compared to conventional flat plate solar collector. The studied system involved enclosed space of fluid
channel which in the same time, the bottom surface was perfectly isolated. It was also equipped with
a transparent glass and it was concluded that small amount of solar irradiance, lost by scattering or
transmission through the glass cover. Meanwhile, the major amount of it absorbed by the nanoparticles and
converted into useful heat.
A research on direct absorption solar collector by utilizing nanofluids made from different
nanoparticles also had been investigated by Otanicar et al. [39] in which they were carbon nanotubes,
graphite, and silver. This had resulted an improvement in the collector efficiency up to 5% by utilizing
nanofluids as coolants and in the meantime, the using nanofluids has a reduced reflectance as it acted as
volumetric based absorption medium. Hence, the absorbance of heat had been increased which was higher
paralleled to the surface based absorption.
Besides, thermal performance of a densely packed PV cells cooled by Al2O3/water nanofluid based
cooling system also had been conducted by Xu et al [40]. Lee et al. [41] proposed a theoretical study on
the feasibility of using plasmonic nanoparticles in which it was suspended in water of direct absorption solar
collector in order to improve broad-band solar thermal absorption. Khanjari et al. [42] also had presented
a theoretical study on the performance of PVT system, focusing to the effects of utilizing Ag/water and
Alumina/water nanofluids as working fluids. The results had been shown that the thermal efficiency and
the heat transfer coefficient improved by increasing volume fraction of the nanoparticles. By comparing to
the pure water, 12% and 43% of maximum increment of heat transfer coefficients for alumina/water and
Ag/water nanofluids were obtained.
Sardarabadi et al. [43] also had investigated and compared the effects of using purewater and
silica/water nanofluids on PVT units. Two different concentrations had been prepared and tested at constant
optimum mass flow rate, with a tilt angle of 32o
. Through economical assessment on both of nanofluids
preparation and silica/water nanofluid suspension, PVT system’s performances and exergy assessment of
system had been improved. A study by Yun and Qunzhi [44] had employed film of Magnesium Oxide
(MgO)/water nanofluid of different concentrations on top of PV cells. The evaluation of the system proved
that the thickness of the film had influenced the system’s output. Both energy efficiencies had been decreased
at fixed light irradiance when thicker film had been used.
5. PVT SYSTEM WITH HEAT PIPE
Integration of heat pipe guaranteed high thermal conduction, allowing transfer of heat almost
without any temperature drop. Gang et al. [45] had investigated on heat pipe PVT system which this system
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can be applied in cold states without worrying that it may freeze compared to the conventional water-based
PVT system. Beforehand, a study in 1995 had confirmed that the thermal efficiency of a heat-pipe collector
is comparable with that of a water based solar collector [46]. The implementation of heat pipes in solar
collectors had preventing the freezing and backflow of the working fluid during night time. Hence, more
stable operating conditions had been achieved [47].
Yang et al. [48] conducted a study of heat pipe which sodium was used as coolant. It had been
concluded that the inclination angle and heat input influenced the thermal performance. The system had been
able to exhibit good temperature uniformity and excellent thermal conductivity. Beforehand, in an
investigation conducted by Boo et al. [49] on loop heat pipes filled with different ratios of sodium.
They concluded that the fill ratio has an effect on thermal resistance, effective thermal conductivity, startup
time and as well as isothermal characteristics.
Xia et al. [50] probed the impacts of the PVT module size on its performance in heating dominated
residential building. The ideal PVT collector size for conducted research had been persisted through
an economic analysis. The high initial investment caused the short-term economics even increasing
the significance of the system’s main design parameters optimization. Recent advance study on this heat pipe
implementation had been carried out by focusing on designing optimization plan for ground source heat
pump systems which was integrated with the PVT collectors. The study gap on the design optimization of
hybrid ground source heat pump systems had been governed and computationally comprehensive [51].
6. CONCLUSION
PVT solar system had been such a demand during this recent years. Though, it can still be assumed
that, the commercialization of this technology in being employed by the industries and communities, are still
in trial stage. There are also much factors and main point that can be discussed such as the classification of
solar collectors and as well as the gap or some boundaries to the implementation of them in the PVT solar
system. By focusing on employment of nanofluids, PCM and heat pipe, even they promised better
performances of PVT system, the advancements are still in the mid of lacking in discovery and cost of
technology it self. As had been recommended and concluded for upcoming study on PVT, the first is to
emphasize its thermal insulation and assess this improvement with the conventional model and by further
studies alongside with the sensitivity analysis. Lastly, the PVT’s operation in pairing with a liquid to liquid
heat pump need to be focused on and by that, potential of PVT module in generating energy can be assessed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We gratefully acknowledge the funding from USAID through the SHERA program-Centre
for Development of Sustainable Region (CDSR). In year 2017-2021 CDSR is led by Center for Energy
Studies-UGM.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Nurul Shahirah binti Rukman, graduated in bachelor degree of Applied Physics from
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) 2017. Focusing on PVT energy generation during her
final year study had influenced her to further the study of PVT technology system. Currently, has
been under supervison of Dr Ahmad Fudholi for her Master degree (Renewable Energy), on
exergy-environmental-economic analysis of bi-fluid PVT system.
Ahmad Fudholi, Ph.D, M.Sc obtained his S.Si (2002) in physics. He was born in 1980 in
Pekanbaru, Indonesia. He served as was the Head of the Physics Department at Rab University
Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, for four years (2004–2008). A. Fudholi started his master course in
Energy Technology (2005–2007) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). After obtaining his
Master’s, he became a research assistant at UKM until. After his Ph.D (2012) in renewable
energy, he became postdoctoral in the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) UKM until 2013.
He joined the SERI as a lecturer in 2014. He received more than USD 400,000 worth of research
grant (16 grant/project) in 2014–2018. He supervised and completed more than 30 M.Sc
projects. To date, he has managed to supervise nine Ph.D (seven as main supervisors and two as
co-supervisor), one Master’s student by research mode and one Master’s student by coursework
mode. He was also an examiner (five Ph.D and one M.Sc). His current research focus is
renewable energy, particularly solar energy technology, micropower systems, solar drying
systems and advanced solar thermal systems (solar-assisted drying, solar heat pumps, PVT
systems). He has published more than 120 peer-reviewed papers, of which 37 papers are in the
ISI index (more 25 Q1, impact factor more than 4) and more than 80 papers are in the Scopus
index. He has published more than 80 papers in international conferences. He has a total citations
of 1225 and a h-index of 17 in Scopus (Author ID: 57195432490). He has a total citations of
7. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Overview on recent photovoltaic module cooling methods: advances PVT … (Nurul Shahirah Binti Rukman)
21
1684 and a h-index of 21 in Google Scholar. He has been appointed as reviewer of high-impact
(Q1) journals. He has also been appointed as editor of journals. He has received several
international awards. He has also been invited as speaker in the Workshop of Scientific Journal
Writing; Writing Scientific Papers Steps Towards Successful Publish in High Impact (Q1)
Journals. He owns one patent and two copyrights.
Ivan Taslim, S.Si, M.T from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. He graduated with the M.T in Geology
Engineering from University of Hasanuddin in 2014. In 2015, he joined as lecturer at
the Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of
Muhammadiyah Gorontalo. His main areas of research interest are Management Risk Disaster,
Geospatial Data Science and Climate Change with no limited to Renewable Energy. He is
currently one of the researchers from USAID SHERA who focuses on developing and using
renewable energy in Indonesia. Currently, he is entrusted to work with the Gorontalo Regional
Government as a staff in the field of Climate Change and Disaster Mitigation.
Merita Ayu Indrianti, S.P., M.P from Banjarmasin South Borneo, Indonesia. She graduated in
Agriculture from University of Hasanuddin in 2016. She has working as a lecturer at
the Department of Agriculture University of Muhammadiyah Gorontalo since 2014. Her main
areas of research interest are Socio-Economic in Agriculture, Biomass and Biogas energy and
Integrated Farming System for Food Security. In her career, she had served as secretary of
the Agricultural Study Center (2015) and secretary of the Agribusiness study program (2016) in
Department of Agriculture.
Intan Noviantari Manyoe, S.Si, M.T from Gorontalo, Indonesia. She was born in 1982, and
graduate from University of Hasanuddin with a degree in Geophysics and have a masters in
Geology Engineering in 2014. She is working as a lecture at the Department of Geology also
Head of Geology Engineering Laboratory at University State of Gorontalo. Her main areas of
research interest are Geophysics, Tectonic, Volcano and Geothermal.