This document discusses the pros and cons of using open source software in libraries. It begins with an introduction to open source software and licenses. Popular open source software used in libraries are then outlined, including integrated library management systems (ILMS) like Koha and Evergreen, digital library software like DSpace and Greenstone, content management systems like Drupal and Joomla, and learning management systems like Moodle. The benefits of open source software for libraries are lower costs, easier licensing, better quality control through community involvement, customizability, and ample support resources. Potential drawbacks include less personal support, lack of training and expertise, need for technical skills to maintain the software, and lack of scalability in some cases. The

1. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN LIBRARIES:
PROS AND CONS
S. Yuga Priya , Assistant Librarian,
Hindustan University, Padur
1

2. INTRODUCTION
 In the digital environment of “Open Access” is very
essential for library and information science
professionals.
 Open Source Software covers a wide spectrum of
activities in Library automation, Institutional Repository
Development, Content Management System, Reference
Management System, E-learning initiatives.
 This paper presents a brief overview of the concept, the
potential pros and cons in library.

3. Open Source Software (OSS):
An Overview
 In 1998, a group of individuals advocated that the term free software
should be replaced by open source software (OSS)
 Open Source promote software reliability and quality by supporting
independent peer review and rapid evaluation of source code.
 Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is
available in source code form.
 Open-source license that permits users to study, change, improve
and at times also to distribute the software and further defines the
terms of usage, modification , redistribution and use it freely is open
source software.

4. Open Source Initiative (OSI)
 The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is a non-profit
corporation.
 Advocate for the benefits of open source.
 Build bridges among different constituencies in the open-
source community.

5. Open Source Licenses
 Open source license doesn't just mean access to the source code –
it has to meet other criteria as well.
 The important issue is that the source code should available; there
should be permission to modify the source code and further
distribute it.
DIFFERENT OPEN SOURCE LICENSES:
 GNU GPL( General Public License)
 GNU Lesser GPL
 BSD License
 Mozilla Public License
 IU Open Source License and more

6. AREAS OF OSS IN
LIBRARIES
 Open Source Library Software
 Integrated Library Management System (ILMS)
 Open Source Digital Library Software
 Open Source Content Management System (CMS)
 Open Source Learning Management Systems (LMS)

7. APPLICATION OF OSS IN
CONTEMPORARY LIBRARIES
Open Source Software are using in the Library
application for the following such as:
 Integrated Library Management Systems
 Content Management System
 Digital Library
 Learning Management System
 E-publishing etc.

8. Some of the well known OSS
 INTEGRATED LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(ILMS)
 KOHA (http://ww.koha.org)
 Evergreen (http://wiki.code4lib.orgindex.php/evergreen)
 OpenBiblio (http://wiki.code4lib.orgindex.php/OpenBiblio)
 phpMyLibrary (http://wiki.code4lib.orgindex.php/PhpMyLibrary)
 NewGenLib (http://www.verussolutions.biz/)

9. Some of the well known OSS
 OPEN SOURCE DIGITAL LIBRARY SOFTWARES
 Greenstone(http://www.greenstone.org)
 Dspace(http://www.dspace.org)
 Eprints(http://www.eprints.org
 FEDORA (http://www.fedora-commons.org)
 OPEN SOURCE CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (CMS)
 Drupal (http://www.drupal.org)
 Joomla(http://www.joomla.org)
 Alfresco Labs(http://www.alfresco.org)
 OPEN SOURCE LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (LMS)
 Moodle (http://www.moodle.org)
 OLAT (http://www.olat.org)
 Openelms( http://www.openelms.org/)

ATutor(http://atutor.ca/)

10. INTEGRATED LIBRARY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (ILMS)
KOHA (http://ww.koha.org)
 Developed initially in New Zealand by Katipo Communications Ltd and first deployed in January of 2000
for Horowhenua Library Trust
 It can run in different platforms like Linux, Unix, Windows and Mac OS
 It supports web 2.0 features also
 It ensures conformity to international standards like MARC 2 and Z39.50
Evergreen (http://wiki.code4lib.orgindex.php/evergreen)
 It is developed by Equinox Software.
 Evergreen is a robust, enterprise level ILS solution developed to be capable of supporting the workload of
large libraries in a fault-tolerant system.
 It is standards complaints and uses OPAC interface, and offers many features including flexible
administration, workflow customization, adaptable programming interface

11. INTEGRATED LIBRARY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (ILMS)
OpenBiblio (http://wiki.code4lib.orgindex.php/OpenBiblio)
 It is easy to use, automated library system written in PHP containing OPAC, Circulation, cataloging, and staff
administration functionality.
 The purpose of this project is to provide a cost effective library automation solution for private collections, clubs,
churches, schools, or public libraries.
PhpMyLibrary (http://wiki.code4lib.orgindex.php/PhpMyLibrary)
 It is a web based library automation application meant for smaller libraries.
 The system consists of cataloguing, circulation, and OPAC module. The system also has an import export feature. It
strictly follows the USMARC standard for adding materials
NewGenLib (http://www.verussolutions.biz/)
 Developed by Verus Solution Pvt. Ltd., and the Kesacan Institute of inforamtion and knowledge Management India.
During 2008 New Gen Lib has been declared as Open Source Software Under GNUGPL License by the Verus
solutions Ltd, Hyderabad.

12. Cont..
 Application of Open Source Integrated Library Software
in Libraries:
 Open source software came into existence to fulfill the need of
the Library shrinking budget
 Library Automation and Management is indeed for the library to
maintain the records, Commercial automation software are too
expensive and not bearable within the budget.
 Koha is the first open source integrated library system in world.

13. OPEN SOURCE DIGITAL LIBRARY
SOFTWARES
Greenstone(http://www.greenstone.org)
 It is used for construction and presentation of information collections.
 It is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Wailato and developed and
distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO.
 The aim of this is to empower uses, particularly in universities, libraries and other public service institutions, to
build their own digital libraries.
Dspace(http://www.dspace.org)
 It was designed and devloped by Massachuseets Institute of Technology (MIT) Libraries and Hewlett-
Packard(HP).
 It is used to create institutional digital repository that captures, stores, indexes, preserves and redistributes the
intellectual output of an university’s research faculty in digital formats.

14. OPEN SOURCE DIGITAL LIBRARY
SOFTWARES
Eprints(http://www.eprints.org)
 It is developed at the University of Southampton School of electronics and computer science
and released under GPL license.
 It used for building open access repositories that are complaint with the open archives
Initiative Protocol for metadata harvesting.
FEDORA (http://www.fedora-commons.org)
 FEDORA – Flexible Extensible Digital Object Repository Architecture began in 1997
 Store all types of content and its metadata
 Rebuilder utility (for disaster recovery and data migration)
 The entire repository can be rebuilt from the digital object and content files.
 Many storage options
 Web-based administrator GUI (low-level object editing)

15. Cont..
 Application of Open source Digital Library
Software:
 Implementation of Digital library Software helps the user mainly
in the retrieval of needed information such as faculty publication,
Question papers, Newspaper clippings, Video Lecture and so on,
this all together called as Institutional Repository.
 DSPACE is one of the widely used software

16. OPEN SOURCE CONTENT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (CMS)
Drupal (http://www.drupal.org)
 Drupal is an content management platform powering millions of websites and applications.
 Thousand of add-on modules and designs let you build any site you can imagine.
 Build your own online communities, media portal, online store, and more
Joomla(http://www.joomla.org)
 Joomla is one of the world’s most popular and award winning open source CMS.
 Millions of websites are running on Joomla, and the software is used by individuals, small
and medium sized businesses, and large organizations world wide to easily create and
build a variety of websites and web-enabled applications
Alfresco Labs(http://www.alfresco.org)

17. Cont..
 Application of Open Source Content Management
Software in Libraries:
 Library is one of the main centre point to develop content
management system to do it in a perfect manner OSS are very
helpful such as DRUPAL and JOOMLA.
 Joomla is a award winning content management systems which
enable library to build their own website with powerful online
application.

18. PROS OF OSS IN LIBRARIES
 Reduced Software Cost:
o Open source solutions generally require no licensing fees. The logical
extension is no maintenance fees.
o The only expenditures are for media, documentation, and support, if
required. Budget is continued as a great crisis in Library.
o OSS not only has a lower acquisition cost than proprietary software,
but also it often has lower implementation and support costs as well.

19. PROS OF OSS IN LIBRARIES
 Ease of licensing restrictions:
o Obtain the software once and install it as many times and in as many
locations as you need.
o There’s no need to count, track, or monitor for license compliance.
o This will helps the Library to install and work with the software in user
friendly environment.
 Better Quality Control:
o Users with access to the source code not only report problems but also
pinpoint the exact cause.
o This greatly reduces development and quality control.
o Availability of source code helps the user to rectify the error and to fix the
problem faster and with great reliability.

20. PROS OF OSS IN LIBRARIES
 Localization:
 Localization is one of the areas where OSS shines because of its open
nature.
 Libraries are able to modify OSS to suit the unique requirements of a
particular cultural region, regardless of its economic status and size.
 Ample support:
 Support is available for open source—often superior to proprietary
solutions.
 First, open source support is freely available and accessible through the
online community via the Internet.
 And second, many tech companies (not the least of which is Novell) are
now supporting open source with free online and multiple levels of paid
support.
 All open source solutions distributed by Novell are included in support
and maintenance contracts.

21. PROS OF OSS IN LIBRARIES
 Quality software:
 Evidence and research indicate that open source software is good stuff.
 The peer review process and community standards, plus the fact that
source code is out there for the world to see, tend to drive excellence in
design and efficiency in coding.
 Evolution:
 Open source software usually has a number of programmers and
companies involved, which means as new technological advances are
made.
 The fast evolution of open source software is very exciting.

22. PROS OF OSS IN LIBRARIES
 Easy Evaluation:
 It is easier to evaluate open source software then proprietary software.
 Since open source software is typically freely available to download,
Libraries and systems Administrator can install complete production-
ready versions of software and can evaluate the competing packages.
 Platform Independent:
 Open source software usually has its versions for all popular operating
systems – Linux, Windows or Mac.
 Flexibility in Choosing Support:
 Open Source Software is backed by online forums and support groups.
 Established open source software is even backed by paid support
services and training programmes.

23. CONS OF OSS IN LIBRARIES
 No or less personal support:
 Less customer friendly ie, all the features expected by the user may not
be available.
 Lack of training:
 Due to lack of training and expertise on OSS may lead to ineffective
utilization of the software.
 Maintenance and trouble shooting
 OSS needs specialized skills and knowledge about that software.

24. CONS OF OSS IN LIBRARIES
 Need for technological sophistication
 Higher labor costs
 Lack of scalability
 Fewer advanced features
 Nobody is really responsible (by contract)
 Open source may be incompatible with other deployed
software
 Proprietary software is often more feature rich
 Documentation quality is variable

25. Conclusion
 It is Suitable for long term library use.
 Need to carefully analyze the various advantages and
disadvantages of open source software to ensure this is what
you really want and need. Some definite pros and cons to be
consider.
 The solution might be that use of open source software along
with standard software, finding the perfect balance.
 Many exciting possibilities associated with open source
software but it is imperative to do all your homework before
choosing the right application for Library use.

26. REFERENCE
 Library Technology http://www.librarytechnology.org/ltg-displaytext.pl?RC=12445 accessed
on 5.5.2012
 Riewe, Linda M., "Survey of open source integrated library systems" (2008). Master's Theses.
Paper 3481. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3481
 Advantages of Open Source Software:
http;//www. eu.conecta.it/paper/Advantages_open_source_soft.html 3.5.12
 Advantages of OSS
http://www.hrsa.gov/healthit/toolbox/HealthITAdoptiontoolbox/OpenSource/softwareadva
ntage.html accessed on 3.05.12
 OSS and overview http://slideshare.net/sukhi accessed on 2.5.2012
 RajKumar J.R and Krishnan. V , (2011) Use of Open source software in Libraries: a view, In
Open source software and Libraries Edited by Baby Valsala C.P &etal (Role of Open source
software in Libraries: Proceedings), P:13-17
 7. Mallikarjun M, Kappi and Jayashree H, Nigaraddi (2011) Open Source software: An
overview, in Open source software and Libraries Edited by Baby Valsala C.P & etal (Role of
Open source software in Libraries: Proceedings), P:182-195.

27. THANK YOU