Overview of Breast cancer
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Breast Cancer Overview: In commemoration of 2014 October theme Friends in the Fight Against Breast cancer a presentation at Mass Communication Group Msc/Mph College of Medicine University of Lagos
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Overview of Breast cancer
- 1. Overview of Breast Cancer MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014 Group 8 Benyeogor Emmanuel Ifechukwude Gambari Aisha Oluwaseun Arannilewa Comfort Olajumoke
- 2. Objective At the end of this presentation we would have learnt about breast cancer under the following headings •What is breast cancer •Types & Stages of breast cancer •History and Geography •Risk factors •Signs and symptoms •Control and prevention •Recommendations •References MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 3. Introduction • Cancer is often considered a disease of affluence, but about 70% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. • Leading cause of death in many wealthy countries, and its toll is rising in poorer regions MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 4. A 2012 study in The Lancet Oncology predicted that from 2008-2030, cancer incidence will rise 75 percent globally and will double in the least developed countries MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 5. What is Breast Cancer • Breast cancer is an uncontrollable (malignant) growth of tissues in the breast • It may occur in both sexes, adult and children. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 6. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014 Normal Uncontrolled Cell
- 7. Anatomy of Breast MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 8. How is the Breast Designed The breasts sit on the chest muscles that cover the ribs. Each breast is made of 15 to 20 lobes. Lobes contain many smaller lobules. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014 Lobules Duct Nipples Areola Lobe
- 9. Types of Breast Cancer • Ductal Carcinoma: Breast cancer which begins in cells that line a breast duct (thin tubes that carry milk from the lobules of the breast to the nipple • Lobular Carcinoma: Breast cancer which begins in the lobules (milk glands) of the breast MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 10. Ductal Carcinoma 7 of every 10 women with breast cancer have ductal carcinoma. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 11. Lobular Carcinoma 1 of every 10 women with breast cancer has lobular carcinoma MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 12. Stages of Breast cancer • The stage of breast cancer depends on the size of the breast tumor and whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body. • Doctors describe the stages of breast cancer using the Roman numerals 0, I, II, III, and IV and the letters A, B, and C. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 13. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage 0 MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 14. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage I MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 15. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage IIA MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 16. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage IIB MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 17. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage IIIA MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 18. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage IIIB MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 19. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage IIIC MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 20. Stages of Breast cancer • Stage IV MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 21. History of Breast Cancer MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 22. Take a breathe! MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 23. Breast Cancer Facts •2nd leading cause of death •2nd most common cancer •Incidence increases with age •All women are at risk MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 24. Incidence of Breast Cancer MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 25. Mortality of Breast Cancer MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 26. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Family history: Some mutations, particularly in BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53 result in a very high risk for breast cancer Pregnancy and breastfeeding are protective against breast cancer MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 27. Reproduction associated with prolonged exposure to hormones. Endogenous estrogens early menarche late menopause late age at first childbirth are among the most important risk factors for breast cancer. Exogenous hormones also exert a higher risk for breast cancer. Oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy users are at higher risk than non-users. Breastfeeding has a protective effect MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014 Risk factors continued
- 28. Risk factors continued Modifiable risk factors Alcohol use Obesity Physical Inactivity MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 29. Risk factors MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014 HIC – High Income Countries LMIC – Low middle income Countries
- 30. Symptoms of Breast Cancer Early breast cancer may not have symptoms. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014 Persistent Lump Inverted nipple Colour change Unusual discharge/ blood from nipple Change in size and shape
- 31. Diagnosis of Breast Cancer MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 32. Control and Prevention MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 33. Prevention Breast Cancer Risk Factors that can be ccoonnttrroolllleedd Obesity Exercise All women are at risk Breastfeeding Alcohol Hormone Replacement Therapy Not having children MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 34. Prophylactic masectomy MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014 Willingly taking out ones breast Because they have the BRCA Gene or a family history of Breast cancer
- 35. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 36. Screening For Breast Cancer A Good Breast Health Plan • Self Awareness (Monthly Self Exams) (BSE) • Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) • Mammograms MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 37. Breast Self Examination (BSE) • Opportunity for woman to become familiar with her breasts • Monthly exam of the breasts and underarm area • May discover any changes early • Begin at age 20, continue monthly MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 38. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 39. Screening Average-size lump found by woman practicing occasional breast self-exam (BSE) Average-size lump found by woman practicing regular breast self-exam (BSE) Average-size lump found by first mammogram Average-size lump found by getting regular mammograms riz MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 40. When to do BSE • Menstruating women- 5 to 7 days after the beginning of their period • Menopausal women - same date each month • Pregnant women – same date each month • Takes about 10 minutes • Perform BSE at least once a month • Examine all breast tissue MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 41. Why don’t more women practice BSE • Fear • Embarrassment • Youth • Lack of knowledge • Too busy, forgetfulness MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 42. Clinical Breast Examination • Performed by doctor or trained nurse practitioner • Annually for women over 40yrs • At least every 3 years for women between 20 and 40 yrs • More frequent examination for high risk patients MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 43. Mammography X-ray of the breast Has been shown to save lives in patients 50-69 Data mixed on usefulness for patients 40-49 Normal mammogram does not rule out possibility of cancer completely MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 44. Treatment for Breast Cancer • Surgery • Radiation Therapy • Chemotherapy • Hormonal Therapy MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 45. SSuurrggeerryy •Lumpectomy •Modified Radical Mastectomy •Radical Mastectomy (rare) Reconstruction MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 46. BBrreeaasstt RReeccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn PPrree aanndd PPoosstt EExxppaannddeerr aanndd IImmppllaanntt MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 47. BBrreeaasstt RReeccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn PPrree aanndd PPoosstt TTiissssuuee aanndd IImmppllaannttss CCoommbbiinneedd MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 48. Prognosis after Breast Cancer 5-Year Survival (%) 10-Year Survival (%) Stage 0 95 90 Stage I 85 70 Stage II 70 50 Stage III 55 30 Stage IV 5 2 MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 49. Myths & Facts •Touching the breasts too often will lead to cancer •Talking about cancer causes cancer •Using illegal drugs causes cancer •Herbs cure breast cancer •A bruise on the breast will lead to breast cancer. •If an incision is made during breast cancer surgery, the cancer will spread. •Getting too many mammograms leads to breast cancer. •Mammograms are only used to evaluate breast lumps. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 50. Myths & Facts • Breast cancer only affects older women • If you have a risk factor for breast cancer, you're likely to get the disease • Using antiperspirants causes breast cancer. • A breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentence. • Breast cancer is preventable MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 51. Recommendation • Early detection in order to improve breast cancer outcome and survival remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 52. Recommendation • Not every woman in families with breast cancer history carries a harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. • Not every cancer in such families is linked to a harmful mutation in one of these genes. • Not every woman who has a harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation will develop breast and/or ovarian cancer MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 53. Recommendation • Targeting the wrong age group, such as, younger women with low risk of breast cancer could cause a lower number of breast cancers found per woman screened and therefore reduce its cost-effectiveness. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 54. Recommendation • Careful planning and a well-organized and sustainable programme that targets the right population group and ensures coordination, continuity and quality of actions across the whole continuum of care. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 55. Conclusion • Breast cancer is the top cancer in women worldwide and is increasing particularly in developing countries where the majority of cases are diagnosed in late stages. MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 56. Thank you MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014
- 57. Questions & Answers MAS 850 Group Presentation 2014