An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in an ovary. Most ovarian cysts are benign and cause no symptoms, but some can cause pain, irregular bleeding, or abdominal swelling. Treatment depends on factors like the cyst's size and appearance on ultrasound, as well as whether symptoms are present. For small, asymptomatic cysts, observation with follow-up ultrasounds may be sufficient, while larger or symptomatic cysts may require surgical removal.

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An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac which develops in an ovary. Most ovarian cysts are
benign (non-cancerous) and cause no symptoms. Some cause problems such as pain and
irregular bleeding. No treatment may be needed for certain types of ovarian cysts which
tend to go away on their own. For other types, a surgery may be advised to remove the
cyst.
What are ovarian cysts?
Functional ovarian cysts dermoid cysts(sometimes called benign mature cystic teratomas)
Cystadenomas Endometriomas Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)
What are the symptoms, problems and possible complications?
Most ovarian cysts are small, benign (non-cancerous), and cause no symptoms. Some
ovarian cysts cause problems which may include one or more of the following:
Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen. The pain may be constant or intermittent. Pain
may only occur when you have sex. Periods sometimes become irregular, or may become
heavier or lighter than usual.

3. Sometimes a cyst may bleed into itself, or burst. This can cause a sudden severe pain in
the lower abdomen. Occasionally, a cyst which is growing on a stalk from an ovary may
twist the stalk on itself (a torsion).
This stops the blood flow through the stalk to the cyst and causes the cyst to lose its
blood supply. This can cause sudden severe pain in the lower abdomen.
Large cysts can cause your abdomen to swell, or press on nearby structures. For example,
they may press on the bladder or rectum, which may cause urinary symptoms or
constipation.
Although most cysts are benign, some types have a risk of becoming cancerous. (See
separate leaflet called ‘Cancer of the Ovary’ for more details.) Rarely, some ovarian cysts
make abnormal amounts of female (or male) hormones which can cause unusual symptoms.
How is an ovarian cyst diagnosed?
As most ovarian cysts cause no symptoms, many cysts are diagnosed by chance – for
example, during a routine examination, or if you have an ultrasound scan for another
reason.

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If you have symptoms suggestive of an ovarian cyst, your doctor may examine your
abdomen and perform a vaginal (internal) examination. He or she may be able to feel an
abnormal swelling which may be a cyst.
An ultrasound scan can confirm an ovarian cyst. An ultrasound scan is a safe and painless
test which uses sound waves to create images of organs and structures inside your body.
The probe of the scanner may be placed on your abdomen to scan the ovaries. A small
probe is also often placed inside the vagina to scan the ovaries, to obtain more detailed
images. Your doctor may also take a sample of blood.
What is the treatment for ovarian cysts?
Your specialist will advise on the best course of action. This depends on factors such as
your age, whether you are past the menopause, the appearance and size of the cyst from
the ultrasound scan and whether you have symptoms.

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Observation-:
Many small ovarian cysts will resolve and disappear over a few months. You may be
advised to have a repeat ultrasound scan after a month or so. If the cyst goes away then
no further action is needed.
Operation-:
Removal of an ovarian cyst may be advised, especially if you have symptoms or if the cyst
is large. Sometimes the specialist may want to remove it to determine exactly which type
of cyst it is and to make sure there are no cancer cells in it. Most smaller cysts can be
removed by a laparoscopic surgery (keyhole surgery). Some cysts require a more
traditional style of operation.
The type of the operation depends on factors such as the type of cyst, your age, whether
cancer is suspected or ruled out. In some cases, just the cyst is removed and the ovary
tissue preserved. In some cases, the ovary is also removed, and sometimes other nearby
structures such as the uterus and the other ovary. Your specialist will advise on the
options for your individual situation.

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Treatment for ovarian cysts-:
Ovarian cysts are typically benign in nature, however it is important to note that most
women still at their childbearing age and premenopausal develop ovarian cysts.
Understanding the character of an ovarian cyst is sweet, but it’s additionally necessary
to grasp what the impact is on a woman’s body.
At first, a straightforward methodology which will not scare the least bit is that the
careful observation of the cyst; gynecologist regular checks which will detect if the cyst
is growing or it’s reabsorbed. If each young lady would create an ultrasound each half-
dozen months or a year, actually at some purpose, several of them would discover that
they need an ovarian cyst.

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A minority of ladies may also develop carcinoma or malignant ovarian cysts. Usually
surgery or chemotherapy is the sole treatments which will facilitate touch upon the
ovarian cysts that are malignant. These remedies could facilitate to eliminate ovarian
cysts, except for many ladies it’s been noted that the ovarian cysts can recur unless
corresponding lifestyle changes are created. Ovarian cysts that are malignant are a worry
to individuals, as a result of the malignancy could rapidly invade alternative organs within
the body and cause terribly serious complications.
Treatment depends much on the scale of the cyst, of its age, the emotions that you
simply have within the lower abdomen space – cysts will hurt, they’ll cause urinary
disorders, additionally to lunation connected events.
Because of this, ovarian cysts will cause many alternative complication this is often
additionally owing to the symptomless nature of cysts which means that girls solely
resolve late within the method that they need ovarian cysts.

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Ovulation happens through a hormonal
mechanism and a fast remedy is to require
contraception pills. Ovulation not happens
therefore an attainable reason behind cyst
formation is excluded. Obviously, already
fashioned cysts won’t withdraw instantly,
however it prevents any forming and it
accelerates the method of reabsorption of
existing ones.

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