Buddhism Report Grade 11
Content
Buddhism Definition and History
Buddhism Types and Subdivision
Life of Buddha
The Sutras
Non-cannonical/Noncannonical Buddhist Texts
The Tripitaka (Pali Canon)
Beliefs and Doctrines
Law of Dependent Origination
Pratityasamutpada
Impermanence of Things
Four Noble Truths
Eight Fold Path
Worship and Observances
Women in Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Paramitas
Six Paramitas
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF HINDU PHILOSOPHY
This work by Mr. V. Srinivasan gives a comprehensive view of the Hindu Philosophy. It gives a brief introduction to the Hindu Philosophy, and covers topics such as, the Goal of the Religion, the Importance of Mind, Origin & Evolution, Routes to Achieve the Goal of the Religion, Bhakthi Marga, Karma Marga, Gnana Marga, Raja Yoga & Tantras, Vedas & Other Scriptures, Upanishads & Different Schools on Brahman, Gods & Prayers, Astronomy, Astrology & Festivals, and much more!
This work is an easy to understand guide for the people who want to understand Hindu Religion.
Read more about the Author here: https://vsrinivasan.com/about-the-author.htm
Check out 2 of his major works here:
Book on 'NEW AGE MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY FROM ANCIENT INDIAN WISDOM': https://vsrinivasan.com/about-the-book.htm
Video on 'FUNDAMENTALS OF HINDU PHILOSOPHY': https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCp9OPPvgHfJfbBp8bNE_5jg/playlists
NABH 5th edition hospital std april 2020anjalatchi
A. National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) is a constituent board of Quality Council of India (QCI), set up to establish and operate accreditation programme for healthcare organizations.
These four vedas are in turn each divided into three parts: samhita (collections of hymns), brahmana (details of sacrifices) and upanishad (moving from ritual to
Patient Experience Defined. Patient experience encompasses the range of interactions that patients have with the health care system, including their care from health plans, and from doctors, nurses, and staff in hospitals, physician practices, and other health care facilities.
Partial notes on BBA 205 course for students of IP University (Delhi) and anyone who wants a beginner's level knowledge on business ethics.
Citations are reflected in the slides.
Vedic Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) By Mrs. Sadhana Gangan.
Vedic NLP: Integrating Vedic wisdom with science of NLP for being in the state of blissfulness completeness in order to achieve your goals and realize yourself through process of self Purifications.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Opportunities and Barriers in Pharmaceutical Pricing: Average Manufacturer Pr...Epstein Becker Green
Part 2 of a webinar series that examines the average manufacturer price (“AMP”) Final Rule and its effect on drug pricing and contracting. Hosted by an Epstein Becker Green and EBG Advisors.
The long-awaited issuance of the Final Rule addressing AMP under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program has provided clarity in some respects but left other issues open to interpretation. In the wake of the Final Rule, other regulatory developments are already showing signs of further impacting many of the same issues.
Using the AMP Final Rule as a baseline, we will address the evolution of some of the most significant issues affecting drug pricing and contracting. We hope you can attend one or both of the sessions in this two-part series.
In this session, Dr. Samuel R. Nussbaum, M.D., Strategic Consultant at EBG Advisors, and Lesley R. Yeung, Associate at Epstein Becker Green, will examine the pay-for-value and alternative approaches to pharmaceutical pricing. The speakers will discuss opportunities and barriers as well as highlight real-world examples.
http://www.ebglaw.com/events/the-effect-of-the-average-manufacturer-price-final-rule-on-drug-pricing-and-contracting-part-2-opportunities-and-barriers-in-pharmaceutical-pricing/
These materials have been provided for informational purposes only and are not intended and should not be construed to constitute legal advice. The content of these materials is copyrighted to Epstein Becker & Green, P.C. ATTORNEY ADVERTISING.
Buddhism Report Grade 11
Content
Buddhism Definition and History
Buddhism Types and Subdivision
Life of Buddha
The Sutras
Non-cannonical/Noncannonical Buddhist Texts
The Tripitaka (Pali Canon)
Beliefs and Doctrines
Law of Dependent Origination
Pratityasamutpada
Impermanence of Things
Four Noble Truths
Eight Fold Path
Worship and Observances
Women in Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Paramitas
Six Paramitas
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF HINDU PHILOSOPHY
This work by Mr. V. Srinivasan gives a comprehensive view of the Hindu Philosophy. It gives a brief introduction to the Hindu Philosophy, and covers topics such as, the Goal of the Religion, the Importance of Mind, Origin & Evolution, Routes to Achieve the Goal of the Religion, Bhakthi Marga, Karma Marga, Gnana Marga, Raja Yoga & Tantras, Vedas & Other Scriptures, Upanishads & Different Schools on Brahman, Gods & Prayers, Astronomy, Astrology & Festivals, and much more!
This work is an easy to understand guide for the people who want to understand Hindu Religion.
Read more about the Author here: https://vsrinivasan.com/about-the-author.htm
Check out 2 of his major works here:
Book on 'NEW AGE MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY FROM ANCIENT INDIAN WISDOM': https://vsrinivasan.com/about-the-book.htm
Video on 'FUNDAMENTALS OF HINDU PHILOSOPHY': https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCp9OPPvgHfJfbBp8bNE_5jg/playlists
NABH 5th edition hospital std april 2020anjalatchi
A. National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) is a constituent board of Quality Council of India (QCI), set up to establish and operate accreditation programme for healthcare organizations.
These four vedas are in turn each divided into three parts: samhita (collections of hymns), brahmana (details of sacrifices) and upanishad (moving from ritual to
Patient Experience Defined. Patient experience encompasses the range of interactions that patients have with the health care system, including their care from health plans, and from doctors, nurses, and staff in hospitals, physician practices, and other health care facilities.
Partial notes on BBA 205 course for students of IP University (Delhi) and anyone who wants a beginner's level knowledge on business ethics.
Citations are reflected in the slides.
Vedic Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) By Mrs. Sadhana Gangan.
Vedic NLP: Integrating Vedic wisdom with science of NLP for being in the state of blissfulness completeness in order to achieve your goals and realize yourself through process of self Purifications.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Opportunities and Barriers in Pharmaceutical Pricing: Average Manufacturer Pr...Epstein Becker Green
Part 2 of a webinar series that examines the average manufacturer price (“AMP”) Final Rule and its effect on drug pricing and contracting. Hosted by an Epstein Becker Green and EBG Advisors.
The long-awaited issuance of the Final Rule addressing AMP under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program has provided clarity in some respects but left other issues open to interpretation. In the wake of the Final Rule, other regulatory developments are already showing signs of further impacting many of the same issues.
Using the AMP Final Rule as a baseline, we will address the evolution of some of the most significant issues affecting drug pricing and contracting. We hope you can attend one or both of the sessions in this two-part series.
In this session, Dr. Samuel R. Nussbaum, M.D., Strategic Consultant at EBG Advisors, and Lesley R. Yeung, Associate at Epstein Becker Green, will examine the pay-for-value and alternative approaches to pharmaceutical pricing. The speakers will discuss opportunities and barriers as well as highlight real-world examples.
http://www.ebglaw.com/events/the-effect-of-the-average-manufacturer-price-final-rule-on-drug-pricing-and-contracting-part-2-opportunities-and-barriers-in-pharmaceutical-pricing/
These materials have been provided for informational purposes only and are not intended and should not be construed to constitute legal advice. The content of these materials is copyrighted to Epstein Becker & Green, P.C. ATTORNEY ADVERTISING.
Pharmacy's Emerging Role in Accountable Care Organizations (ACO)Parata Systems
Your pharmacy is an excellent partner for accountable care organizations. ACOs are formed by doctors, hospitals and other healthcare providers to improve health outcomes and lower overall medical expenses for a targeted patient population. Reimbursements are tied to patient outcomes.
ACOs’ highest-risk and highest-cost patients are those managing chronic illnesses and taking multiple medications a day. When your pharmacy can improve and track adherence – a key driver of readmission prevention and overall health – you are a valuable partner to help ACOs prevent unnecessary medical care.
Jamie Hale serves as the Chief Pharmacy Officer for Cornerstone Health Care where he is responsible for the development and integration of pharmaceutical care services in the Accountable Care Organization. He transitioned to Cornerstone in December 2012 after a 15 year career at Wake Forest Baptist Health, where he last served as Director of Pharmacy.
Download the full audio webinar at http://bit.ly/pharmacyACO.
8 in 10 Hospitals Stand Pat on Population Health Strategy, Despite Uncertaint...Health Catalyst
A 2017 survey by Health Catalyst shows that despite uncertainty about the future of the Affordable Care Act, 80 percent of healthcare executives have not paused or otherwise changed their population health management strategy. 68 percent said that PHM is “very important” to their healthcare delivery strategy, while fewer than 3 percent said it was not important at all. The results show that executives view the move to value-based care as inevitable, and they view a PHM strategy as an integral part of their future efforts.
The Biggest Healthcare Trends of 2019 and What's to Come in 2020Health Catalyst
In our Healthcare Outlook for 2019 webinar, Stephen Grossbart, PhD, and Bobbi Brown, MBA, shared their predictions for the biggest trends of the year. Which predictions panned out and which didn’t? View this webinar as Stephen takes a look back at 2019 and makes his forecast for 2020.
So, what did happen in 2019? Following the 2018 midterm elections, we predicted a divided Congress would not pass policies to strengthen or weaken the Affordable Care Act (ACA). We were right. Meanwhile, Democratic presidential candidates debated the extent to which they would support Medicare for All. Insurance costs continued to rise, breaking $20,000 annually for families with employer-sponsored coverage, and CMS continued to support payment policies rewarding quality and interoperability as part of their payment policy.
Join Stephen as he looks in the rearview mirror at these important issues and how they impacted the healthcare industry in 2019 and then gazes into the crystal ball to predict the trends that will most impact healthcare in 2020. In this webinar, Stephen discusses the following topics and more:
• The continued focus on price transparency.
• Congress’ efforts to control prescription drug costs.
• Policies that may change the future of ACOs.
• What to expect going into the 2020 election year.
2016 Survey of US Physicians: Physician awareness, perspectives, and readines...Deloitte United States
The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) is a Medicare payment law intended to drive health care payment and delivery system reform for clinicians, health systems, Medicare, and other government and commercial payers. Deloitte’s 2016 Survey of US Physicians sought to shed light on physicians’ awareness of MACRA, their perspectives on its implications, and their attitudes and readiness for change. The survey found that many physicians are unaware of MACRA. Regardless of their awareness level, most physicians surveyed would have to change aspects of their practice to meet the law’s requirements and to do well under its incentives. Many physicians surveyed recognize they will need to bear increased financial risk (under MACRA and in general) and need support and resources to develop the capabilities do so. http://www.deloitte.com/us/macra?id=us:2sm:3ss:macra:eng:lshc:071216
MediMeals Investor Presentation - February 2017Cory Glazier
Clinical trials have proven irrevocably that heart disease and diabetes can be reversed through deliberate nutritional therapy with a shift to consuming a whole food, plant-based diet.
MediMeals is an evolutionary health service that makes it as easy for doctors to prescribe scientifically proven meal regimens as it has been to prescribe pharmaceuticals and surgery in the past.
We get nutritionally precise, delicious meals to our patients nationwide, on doctor's orders.
We have reduced the learning curve and time constraints to upgrading diet. Healing the body with food has never been as accessible.
3º FÓRUM DA SAÚDE SUPLEMENTAR - CARMELLA BOCCHINOCNseg
Palestra de Carmella Bocchino no 3º Fórum Nacional da Saúde Suplementar, realizado pela Federação Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (FenaSaúde), no Sheraton WTC São Paulo Hotel, no dia 5 de outubro de 2017.
Real-World Evidence: A Better Life Journey for Pharmas, Payers and PatientsCognizant
Driven partly by regulatory pressure, stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem—including payers and patients—now want real-world evidence (RWE) about wellness to supplement and expand randomized control trial (RCT) input from pharmas about pharmaceuticals' efficacy and effectiveness.
March 02, 2018
Value-based health care is one of the most pressing topics in health care finance and policy today. Value-based payment structures are widely touted as critical to controlling runaway health care costs, but are often difficult for health care entities to incorporate into their existing infrastructures. Because value-based health care initiatives have bipartisan support, it is likely that these programs will continue to play a major role in both the public and private health insurance systems. As such, there is a pressing need to evaluate the implementation of these initiatives thus far and to discuss the direction that American health care financing will take in the coming years.
To explore this important issue, the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School collaborated with Ropes & Gray LLP to host a one-day conference on value-based health care. This event brought together scholars, health law practitioners, and health care entities to evaluate the impact of value-based health care on the American health care system.
For more information, visit our website at: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/will-value-based-care-save-the-health-care-system
We are one of the top Massage Spa Ajman Our highly skilled, experienced, and certified massage therapists from different corners of the world are committed to serving you with a soothing and relaxing experience. Luxuriate yourself at our spas in Sharjah and Ajman, which are indeed enriched with an ambiance of relaxation and tranquility. We could confidently claim that we are one of the most affordable Spa Ajman and Sharjah as well, where you can book the massage session of your choice for just 99 AED at any time as we are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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INFECTION OF THE BRAIN -ENCEPHALITIS ( PPT)blessyjannu21
Neurological system includes brain and spinal cord. It plays an important role in functioning of our body. Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain. Causes include viral infections, infections from insect bites or an autoimmune reaction that affects the brain. It can be life-threatening or cause long-term complications. Treatment varies, but most people require hospitalization so they can receive intensive treatment, including life support.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Activation Modulated Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, Osmotic activated Drug Delivery Systems, Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems systems are discussed here.
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
COVID-19 PCR tests remain a critical component of safe and responsible travel in 2024. They ensure compliance with international travel regulations, help detect and control the spread of new variants, protect vulnerable populations, and provide peace of mind. As we continue to navigate the complexities of global travel during the pandemic, PCR testing stands as a key measure to keep everyone safe and healthy. Whether you are planning a business trip, a family vacation, or an international adventure, incorporating PCR testing into your travel plans is a prudent and necessary step. Visit us at https://www.globaltravelclinics.com/
Under Pressure : Kenneth Kruk's StrategyKenneth Kruk
Kenneth Kruk's story of transforming challenges into opportunities by leading successful medical record transitions and bridging scientific knowledge gaps during COVID-19.
Cold Sores: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention Strategies | The Lifesciences ...The Lifesciences Magazine
Cold Sores, medically known as herpes labialis, are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV-1 is primarily responsible for cold sores, although HSV-2 can also contribute in some cases.
DECODING THE RISKS - ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGS.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
Introduction: Substance use education is crucial due to its prevalence and societal impact.
Alcohol Use: Immediate and long-term risks include impaired judgment, health issues, and social consequences.
Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
Drug Use: Risks vary depending on the drug type, including health and psychological implications.
Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
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LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
3. 1. National Healthcare Expenditures
2. Prescription Drug Expenditure
3. Traditional Pricing Model
4. Fee-For-Value
Background
4. 4
National Healthcare Expenditures
Source: National Health Expenditure Data. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/index.html. Accessed: June 29, 2016.
5. 5
Prescription Drug Expenditures
Source: National Health Expenditure Data. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/index.html. Accessed: June 29, 2016.
7. 7
Traditional Pricing Model
Source: J Carlson, et al. “Linking payment to health outcomes: A taxonomy and examination of performance-based reimbursement schemes between healthcare health plans and manufacturers.” Health Policy. 2010 Aug;96(3):179-90.
8. 8
Fee-For-Value Becomes Mainstream
Source: Kuzel M. 5 Keys to Success in New Patient Economy [webcast]. MM&M. http://engage.vevent.com/index.jsp?eid=1058&id=886&seid=885. Published June 23, 2016. Accessed: June 23, 2016.
10. 10
What are Outcomes-Based Contracts?
Source: J Carlson, et al. “Linking payment to health outcomes: A taxonomy and examination of performance-based reimbursement schemes between healthcare health plans and manufacturers.” Health Policy. 2010 Aug;96(3):179-90.
12. 1. Pharma Companies
2. Health Plans (Private & Public)
3. Employers
4. PBMs
5. Prescribers/Health Care Professionals
6. Consumers
7. Policy Makers – State & Federal Government
Stakeholders
Source: Stanley E, Keckley P, Snyder G. Value-based pricing for pharmaceuticals: implications of the shift from volume to value. Deloitte Center for Health Solutions: http://deloitte.wsj.com/cfo/files/2012/09/ValueBasedPricingPharma.pdf. 2012. Accessed: June 6, 2016.
13. Benefits of Outcomes-Based Contracts
Pharma Companies
• Improve drug’s position on a health
plan’s preferred drug list
• Accelerate availability of new treatments
• Secure reimbursement when long-term
benefits are less known
• Gain faster access to the market
Health Plans
• Lower costs
• Better performance
• Reduced risk of paying too high a price for a
pharmaceutical that may ultimately have low-value
in the real world
• Improve allocation of resources toward customers
likely to receive the most benefit
Consumers
• Pay less out of pocket
• Better outcomes (due to receiving
targeted, high-value pharmaceuticals)
• Transparency of the medications value
contribution
Providers
• Financial Rewards via “Shared Savings Models” with payers
• Selecting the correct high-value pharmaceutical at the
right time for the patient
• Monitoring, collecting, and submitting consumer value
attribute data
• Assessing and addressing drivers and obstacles to
consumer compliance
Source: Stanley E, Keckley P, Snyder G. Value-based pricing for pharmaceuticals: implications of the shift from volume to value. Deloitte Center for Health Solutions: http://deloitte.wsj.com/cfo/files/2012/09/ValueBasedPricingPharma.pdf. 2012. Accessed: June 6, 2016.
Source: Drug value in the new health ecosystem. PwC: http://www.pwc.com/us/en/health-industries/health-research-institute/publications/assets/pwc-10min-drugvalue.pdf. July 2013. Accessed: June 16, 2016.
Source: Weisman R. Harvard pilgrim adds new drugs under ‘pay-for-performance’ deals. Boston Globe. June 27, 2016. https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/06/27/harvard-pilgrim-adds-new-drugs-under-pay-for-performance-deals/2OQYId32R5RSc0s8wGKooM/story.html. Accessed: June 28, 2016.
14. 1. Payment based on desired outcome
2. Larger rebate in absence of desired outcome
3. How well drug performs against competitive drug(s)
4. Indication-specific pricing
Types of Outcomes-Based Contracts
15. 1. Payment based on desired outcome
• Heart Failure
• Novartis AG
• Aetna, Cigna, & Harvard Pilgrim
• Payment based on reduction in
hospitalizations
15
$5,475 per year
Source: Livingston S. Cigna, aetna enter outcomes-based contract with Novartis for heart drug. Business Insurance. February 10, 2016. http://www.businessinsurance.com/article/20160210/NEWS03/160219978. Accessed: June 6, 2016.
16. 2. Larger rebate in absence of desired outcome
• High Cholesterol
• Amgen, Inc.
• Cigna & Harvard Pilgrim
• Larger rebates for missing
cholesterol goals and exceeding
utilization goals
16
$16,920 per year
Source: Weisman R. Harvard pilgrim strikes ‘pay-for-performance’ deal for cholesterol drug. Boston Globe. November 8, 2015. https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/11/08/harvard-pilgrim-strikes-pay-for-performance-deal-for-cholesterol-drug/iGIV7rBie4K20HNbKORsPJ/story.html. Accessed: June 6, 2016.
17. 3. Performance against competitive drug(s)
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Eli Lilly and Company
• Harvard Pilgrim
• Rebate amount based upon
Trulicity patients reaching A1c
target (< 8%) compared with
those using other GLP-1 drugs
17
$8,967 per year
Source: Stanton T. Lilly’s trulicity joins pay-for-performance trend with harvard pilgrim deal. FiercePharma: http://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/lilly-s-trulicity-joins-pay-for-performance-trend-harvard-pilgrim-
deal?utm_medium=nl&utm_source=internal&mrkid=22430845&mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWldSbU5qTXhOREE0TlRBNSIsInQiOiJBQnJcL3dtcjFwMU5iVWk0MkpwSmE1QUErbzdjS1ZsWTZCYmVVeFMwXC92eVQ5dEFnZFwvXC9mNE5zZ0FmRW5HQkxkY1ZhcTZSNkZHdFF2SGp5amM3cWJMTTN0Nm9jaFBpZmVDNEdVT2RsMl
VnaUU9In0%3D. June 28, 2016. Accessed: June 28, 2016.
18. 4. Indication-Specific Pricing
• Lung & Pancreatic Cancer
• Genentech, Inc.
• Express Scripts
• Higher pricing in lung vs.
pancreatic cancer based on
survival benefits
18
$105,788 per year
Source: Edlin M. Performance-based pricing for pharmaceuticals. Managed Healthcare Executive: http://managedhealthcareexecutive.modernmedicine.com/managed-healthcare-executive/news/performance-based-pricing-pharmaceuticals. September 30, 2015. Accessed: June 6, 2016.
19.
20. 1. Finding the “Right” Drug
2. Finding the “Right” Partner
3. Determining (and agreeing upon) Outcome Measure
4. Admin Burden of Collecting Necessary Information
Challenges of Outcomes-Based Contracts
Source: Merrill J. Outcomes-based contracts aren’t so easy, harvard pilgrim cautions. Health News Daily: https://www.pharmamedtechbi.com/Publications/Health-News-Daily/2016/6/6/OutcomesBased-Contracts-Arent-So-Easy-Harvard-Pilgrim-Cautions?result=3&total=136&searchquery=%253fq%253dharvard%252520pilgrim. June 6, 2016.
Accessed: June 9, 2016.
21. Keys to Success – Pharma Companies
• Ability to measure outcomes in short time frame, with clear indicator (biomarker)
• Undeveloped evidence base, opportunity to gather real-world evidence
• Product with clinical advantage over lower-cost competitors
• Few comorbid conditions, limited size of target patient population
• Availability of multiyear clinical data (midlife cycle rather than newly launched products)
• IT infrastructure to track and audit data and manage patient registries
Source: Reinke T. Drug companies ask plans to just say ‘yes’ to risk. Managed Care: http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/2016/4/drug-companies-ask-plans-just-say-yes-risk. April 2016. Accessed: June 17, 2016.
22. Keys to Success – Health Plans
• IT infrastructure to track outcomes and switched patients, simple audit systems
• Clear payment or reimbursement mechanism (free initial therapy preferable to later rebates
if outcomes are not reached)
• Unequivocal outcome measure (for example, valid biomarker)
• Clear outcome-reporting flow from physicians
Source: Reinke T. Drug companies ask plans to just say ‘yes’ to risk. Managed Care: http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/2016/4/drug-companies-ask-plans-just-say-yes-risk. April 2016. Accessed: June 17, 2016.
23. Future Possibilities – Therapeutic Areas
Source: Desai R. Health plans are interested in tying drug payments to patient outcomes. Avalere: http://avalere.com/expertise/life-sciences/insights/health-plans-are-interested-in-tying-drug-payments-to-patient-outcomes. June 16, 2016. Accessed: June 29, 2016.
24. Growth in Specialty Medicines
Source: “Affordability and value – the economics of pharm’s new science”, Accenture, 2016