1. Outcomes of
COP17/CMP7
Durban, South Africa
28 November - 11 December 2011
Daniela Carrington
Climate change policy advisor
Energy and Environment Practice
UNDP BRC
January 2012, Bratislava, Slovakia

2. Milestones
COP 13 2007, Bali Action Plan – Negotiating a comprehensive
framework for enhanced action on climate change:
COP 15 2009 , Copenhagen Accords - Political declaration
COP 16 2010, Cancun Agreements - Laying the foundation to tackle
CC through a new post-2012 regime: a number of institutional
mechanisms were established, incl. Green Climate Fund, but no
agreement on a Second Commitment Period of the Kyoto Protocol
COP 17 2011, Durban Platform– a roadmap towards a protocol,
another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under
the UNFCCC; operationalization of the post 2012 institutional
mechanism, incl. Green Climate Fund; Second Commitment Period
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3. Decisions under the Convention
(COP17)
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4. Durban Platform for Extended Action
• Durban Platform should lead to the development of “a
protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with
legal force under the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change applicable to all Parties”
• relates to ‘all parties’, trying to break down the distinction
between developed and developing countries
• Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban
Platform for Enhanced Action (AWG-DP) - will begin its work
in 2012, with a view to concluding the “agreed outcome with
legal force” by 2015 such that it can come into force by 2020
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5. Green Climate Fund (GCF)
• One of the major accomplishments - the launch of the GCF
• Agreed governing rules of the GCF
• Access to Fund resources through national, regional and
international implementing entities accredited by the Board
• Recipient countries may designate a national authority
• The Fund will provide financing in the form of grants and
concessional lending, and through other modalities,
instruments or facilities as may be approved by the Board
• Capitalization of the GCF – in 2012 work on how to mobilize
$100 billion in annual contributions to the GCF
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6. Technology Mechanism
• Modalities and procedures for the Technology Executive
Committee (TEC) were set - members were appointed 2010, work
programme in February 2012
• The 6 key elements of the functions of the TEC are: analysis and
synthesis; policy recommendations; facilitation and catalysing;
linkage with other institutional arrangements; engagement of
stakeholders and; information and knowledge sharing
• Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN):
The Technology Centre will receive and respond to requests from
developing countries related to technology development and transfer.
The Network, made up of "relevant institutions" including private
sector organisations, will undertake the "substantive" work needed to
address developing country requests
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7. Outcome of the work of the AWG-LCA
• Shared vision for long term cooperative actions
• Nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions by developed country
Parties
• Nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions by developing country
Parties (NAMAs)
• Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing
emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries;
and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and
enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+)
• Sectoral approaches and sector-specific actions
• Various approaches, including opportunities for using markets to enhance the
cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigation actions (market and non-market
approaches)
• Response measures
• Adaptation
• Finance
• Technology development and transfer
• Capacity building
• Review of the long-term global goal
• Other matters
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8. Shared vision for long term cooperative actions
• The work on the shared vision did not progress much
• It will continue with regard to working towards identifying a
global goal for substantially reducing global emissions by 2050
and a time frame for a global peaking of greenhouse gas
emissions
• A workshop will be organized under the AWG-LCA to consider
the issue of equitable access to sustainable development at its
next session
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9. Nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or
actions by developed countries
• Agreed to continue the process of clarifying developed
countries’ mitigation targets by May 2012
• Elaborated the guidelines for biennial reporting, with the first
reports requested by January 2014
• International Assessment and Review (IAR) will occur two
months after the submission of the first round of biennial
reports. The due date for submission of a full national
communication (biannual report submitted as an Annex or a
separate document to it) is 1 January 2014
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10. Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing
countries
• Encouraged to develop LEDS and submit information on NAMAs
• Guidelines were agreed for biennial update reports and parties are to
submit their first biennial update report by Dec 2014
• agreed to develop modalities for the registry, housed by UNFCCC
that will facilitate the matching of NAMAs to financial, technical and
capacity building support
• Guidelines for International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) of
biennial reports adopted
Next steps: to submit more information on NAMAs by 5 March 2012; in-
session workshops within the 36th session of the SBs; to develop general
guidelines for domestic MRV of domestically supported NAMAs
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11. Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in
developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable
management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks
in developing countries (REDD+)
• agreed that results-based finance provided to developing
countries that is new, additional and predictable may come
from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and
multilateral, including alternative sources
• considers that, in the light of the experience gained from
current and future demonstration activities, appropriate
market-based approaches could be developed by the COP to
support results-based actions by developing countries
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12. Sectoral approaches and sector-specific actions
• main areas: general framework, agriculture, and international
aviation and maritime transport
• agrees to continue considering a general framework for
cooperative sectoral approaches and sector-specific actions
with a view to adopting a decision on this matter at COP 18
• requests that SBSTA 36 consider issues relating to agriculture
• agrees to continue consideration of issues related to
addressing emissions from international aviation and maritime
transport
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13. Various approaches, including opportunities for using
markets to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to
promote, mitigation actions (market and non-market
approaches)
• Parties have made an important step in moving from
agreement to "consider" new market-based mechanisms at
COP 16 to "define" a new market-based mechanism,
"operating under the guidance and authority of the Conference
of the Parties, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to
promote, mitigation actions"
• However, there is little detail on how the new mechanism will
operate
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14. Response measures
• developed country parties to assist developing country parties
to promote economic diversification in the context of SD
• gives full consideration to the positive and negative impacts of
the implementation of response measures on society
• recognizes the decision that establishes the Forum to
Implement the Work Programme on the Impact of the
Implementation of Response Measures
• implementing policies to promote a just transition of the
workforce
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15. Adaptation
• Decided that the Adaptation Committee (AC) should make
use of the following modalities in exercising its functions:
workshops and meetings; expert groups; compilation, review,
synthesis, analysis reports of information, knowledge, experience
and good practice; channels for sharing information, knowledge and
expertise; and coordination and linkages with all relevant bodies,
programmes, institutions and networks, within and outside the
Convention
• The AC is under the authority of, and be accountable to, the
COP
• Composition, AC consists of 16 members, elected by the COP
• Decision outlines an indicative list of activities for the AC
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16. Finance
Standing Committee (SC) shall:
• report and make recommendations to the COP
• assist the COP in exercising its functions with respect to the
financial mechanism of the Convention in terms of improving
coherence and coordination in the delivery of CC financing,
rationalization of the financial mechanism, mobilization of financial
resources, and MRV of support provided to developing countries
• develop a work programme for presentation to COP 18
• Composition and working modalities of the SC in Annex VI
• Decided to undertake a work programme on long-term finance
in 2012, including workshops, to progress on long-term
finance
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17. Capacity building
• SBI to organize an annual in-session Durban Forum for in-
depth discussion on capacity building, with a view to sharing
experiences, and exchanging ideas, best practices and
lessons learned regarding the implementation of capacity-
building activities
• The first meeting of the Durban Forum during SBI would
explore potential ways to further enhance monitoring and
review of the effectiveness of capacity building
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18. Review of the long-term global goal
• Periodically to assess the adequacy of the long-term global
goal, in the light of the ultimate objective of the Convention
• The first review should start in 2013 and conclude by 2015
• The Review will be concluded with the assistance of SBSTA
and the SBI and further define expert consideration of inputs
by COP 18
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19. Other matters - economies in transition and countries
whose special circumstances have been recognized by
the COP (Turkey)
The COP invites Annex I parties, through multilateral agencies,
including through the GEF, bilateral agencies and the private
sector or through any further arrangements, to make available
the capacity- building, financial, technical and technology
transfer assistance for EITs in order to assist these Parties in
the development and implementation of their national low-
carbon development strategies and action plans
For Turkey it was agreed to continue with the discussion on
modalities for the provision of support for mitigation,
adaptation, technology development and transfer, capacity-
building and finance
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20. Proposals for amendments under the Convention
• Proposals under the Convention article 17 (5 proposals for a
protocols)
• Proposals for amendments to the Convention under articles
15 and 16 (Mexico and Papua New Guinea made a proposal
on voting)
• Proposal by the Russian Federation to amend Convention
article 4.2 (commitments)
• Proposal from Cyprus and the EU to amend Annex I to the
Convention (inclusion of Cyprus in Annex I of the
Convention)
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21. Decisions under the Kyoto Protocol
(CMP7)
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22. Outcome of the work of the AWG on Further Commitments
for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol
• Second commitment period agreed until 2017 or 2020
(pending further negotiation of the date)
• The EU, Croatia, Belarus, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Monaco,
Norway, Switzerland, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and potentially
New Zealand, Australia signing up to it
• Many of the technicalities, such as converting emissions
reduction targets into quantified emission limitation or
reduction objectives (QELROS) will be determined in 2012
• The issue of carry-over of assigned amount units (AAUs) was
not resolved (of great interest for Russia and Ukraine)
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23. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
• Decision on further guidance - improving the efficiency of the
Executive Board (EB) decision making process and facilitating
greater participation of under-represented regions in the CDM
• Advancement on definitions - provides a standardised
definition of “materiality”
• Appeals mechanism against EB decisions – delayed
• Establishment of the CDM Policy Dialogue Panel - a new
independent panel tasked with reviewing the CDM
• Carbon capture and storage in the CDM - rules for carbon-
capture plants
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24. Joint implementation (JI)
• encourages the JISC to continue to streamline the process of
accrediting independent entities, and enhancing the
implementation of the verification procedure
• to consider at CMP 8 the issuance of ERUs for projects
considered by the JISC
• JISC to draft a revised set of key attributes and transitional
measures dealing with the possible changes to the JI guidelines
with a view to develop revised ones for adoption at CMP 9
• The decision also contains some provisions on governance and
resources for the work on JI
• Parties have to submit by 16 April 2012 to the Secretariat their
views on the revision of the JI guidelines
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25. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!
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