The document provides information on 13 native plant species suitable for riparian plantings in Oregon. For each species, it includes the scientific name, plant requirements, characteristics, description, and sometimes pests. The species described are Red Twig Dogwood, Indian Plum, Black Twinberry, Common Snowberry, Oregon Ash, Oregon Grape, Nootka Rose, Red Elderberry, Western Spirea, and others. The document provides key details about morphology, adaptation, wildlife value, and identification for selecting native plants appropriate for the locale.
Top 10 incredible rare flowers in IndiaRubyGupta34
MOST UNUSUAL FLOWERS OF INDIA. MOTH ORCHID Flower of India. As the name suggests, this flowers resembles a moth in flight and hence is called Moth Orchid. PASSION FLOWER. ANGEL ORCHID. FLAME LILY. LOBSTER CLAW. MONKEY FACE ORCHIDS.
Top 10 incredible rare flowers in IndiaRubyGupta34
MOST UNUSUAL FLOWERS OF INDIA. MOTH ORCHID Flower of India. As the name suggests, this flowers resembles a moth in flight and hence is called Moth Orchid. PASSION FLOWER. ANGEL ORCHID. FLAME LILY. LOBSTER CLAW. MONKEY FACE ORCHIDS.
Rosaceae is a plant family, it belongs to the flowering planst i.e., the Angiosperms. It is also commonly called as Rose Family.
Most common specoes is Rosa indica. Almond is also included in this family.
Whole description of the family along with vegetative and floral characters, the economic importance as well. All is demonstrated with the help of images.
This ppt contains all about the family Rosaceae under Dicotyledons. It explains about its systematic position, general characters, phylogenetic affinities, floral formula and diagram, economic importance and important genera under this family.
Rosaceae is a plant family, it belongs to the flowering planst i.e., the Angiosperms. It is also commonly called as Rose Family.
Most common specoes is Rosa indica. Almond is also included in this family.
Whole description of the family along with vegetative and floral characters, the economic importance as well. All is demonstrated with the help of images.
This ppt contains all about the family Rosaceae under Dicotyledons. It explains about its systematic position, general characters, phylogenetic affinities, floral formula and diagram, economic importance and important genera under this family.
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
In this presentation you will be able to learn English and Chinese name of different plants as well as scientific name. some key points of recognition of these plants.
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
This is a propgram prepared for OSU Master Gardeners in Josephine County Oregon highlighting plants native to that area that are recommended for home gardens
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
11. Red Twig Dogwood
Scientific name: Cornus sericea
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Cornaceae
Zone:
2 to 9
Type:
Sun:
Full sun
Deciduous shrubs
Native: YES
Moisture: Wet
Plant Characteristics
Height: 10 ft
Bloom:
Spring flowers
Width: 12 ft
Bloom Time:
April to May
Bloom Color:
White
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
Red Twig Dogwood is best known for its bright red winter stems which add color when it is needed most. The alternative name for this
shrub is Redosier Dogwood.
Morphology:
This Northwest native deciduous shrub grows to a height of 6’-10’ with an equal to greater spread. It has a rounded and spreading
habit, but stays loose and open in appearance. It spread by underground stolens.
This species bears deciduous simple leaves, arranged in an opposite arrangement. The leaf shape is described as ovate with
rounded bases and acuminate tips. Leaves are 2”-5” long and 1”-2.5” wide. During the summer the leaves have a dark green color,
but in the fall they take on a dull or rich purple-red color which is very pleasing in the woodland garden.
During the late spring white flower clusters begin to show. In the late summer the flowers morph to dull white berries. Berries are 1/3”
in diameter. Birds love to feast on this fruit!
Adaptation:
Red stem dogwood is very adaptable to many soils, including those that are wet. It is often used in wetland restoration sites for this
reason. With its ability to spread to form thickets Red Twig Dogwood is very effective in keeping soils intact on steeper slopes. It does
best in full sun conditions.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
Pests:
12. Indian Plum
Scientific name: Oemleria cerasiformis
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Rosaceae
Zone:
6 to 10
Type:
Sun:
Partial shade
Deciduous shrubs
Native: YES
Moisture: Medium
Plant Characteristics
Height: 10 ft
Bloom:
Winter flowers
Width: 12 ft
Bloom Time:
February to April
Bloom Color:
White
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
Indian Plum is a Northwest native shrub best known for its attractive late winter to early spring dangling white blooms that appear
before the leaves emerge.
Morphology:
This deciduous shrub ranges in height from 6’-20’ and in width to 12’. It has an upright growth habit and can spread by suckers. As for
vegetation, Indian Plum features green lance-shaped leaves that are gray-green underneath and fuzzy. If the leaves are crushed they
give off a watermelon rind scent.
The name comes from the presence of small plum-like fruit. These ripen in the fall providing winter feed for birds, rodents, deer, foxes
and coyotes, all of whom relish the bittersweet fruits. As such this species is dioecious meaning that male and female plants exist. If
fruit is sought after, both male and female plants will need to be planted near one another. Only the female plants will bear fruit.
Adaptation:
Indian Plum grows well on all sorts of Northwest sites from moist stream banks to dry woodland sites, but prefers the rich humus soils.
It grows all through western Washington, Oregon, and northern California.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
Pests:
13. Black Twinberry
Scientific name: Lonicera involucrate
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Zone:
6 to 8
Type:
Sun:
Full to partial sun
Deciduous shrubs
Native: YES
Moisture: Medium
Plant Characteristics
Height: 6 ft
Bloom:
Showy flowers
Width: 10 ft
Bloom Time:
March to July
Bloom Color:
Yellow
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
Black Twinberry is a woody, branching honeysuckle shrub semi-evergreen to fully deciduous in the Pacific Northwest. Black Twinberry
is also known as Inkberry for the fruits' color, as well as Bracted Honeysuckle for its showy flower bracts that accompany the black
fruit.
Morphology:
This is a deciduous shrub that grows to 6’ tall and 10’ wide. It bears ovate to oblong, lance-shaped, bright green leaves that are hairy
underneath and along the margins.
As early as the end of March it begins to set tubular flowers, half inch in length, which are surrounded by large green bracts. The
flowering season extends through the beginning of July.
By early June ripe berries are on display. When they mature, bright red bracts surround purple-black to jet-black doubled fruit. Fruit
are globose berries up to 3/8” in width.
Young branches have yellow bark which ages to yellow-brown.
As with most honeysuckles, the twinberries attract hummingbirds, bees and butterflies
Adaptation:
This species prefers full sun to partial shade. It thrives in a wide array of soils and sites. As a native plant, it will populate moist sites
along streams and swamps, as well as along the ocean near sand dunes.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
14. Common Snowberry
Scientific name: Symphoricarpos albus
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Zone:
3 to 8
Type:
Sun:
Full to partial sun
Deciduous shrubs
Native: YES
Moisture: Dry
Plant Characteristics
Height: 5 ft
Bloom:
Spring flowers
Width: 6 ft
Bloom Time:
May to June
Bloom Color:
White
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
In the Pacific Northwest native plant community Common Snowberry is widely known for its white, waxy berry-like drupes that provide
winter substance for area songbirds. Also known as Waxberry or Coralberry
Morphology:
Common Snowberry is an erect deciduous shrub which can grow 2’-5’ tall and spread out to 4’-6’ wide in a rounded thicket spreading
by root suckers. Limbs are multi-branched, slender and have brown, shreddy bark.
Leaves are arranged in an opposite fashion. They are typically 1.5” long and elliptic to oval in shape. They are thin and light green on
their upper surfaces and paler below. Leaf margins are entire or wavy-toothed.
Flowers appear in the spring in small dense clusters at the ends of the branches. These flowers are pinkish to white and bell-shaped.
This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds. Flowers give rise to the white fruit which can grow 3/8” in diameter. The fruit
are inedible to humans. Over the winter months birds feast on the berries until they disintegrate naturally.
Adaptation:
This species does best in full sun to partial shade on moist, well-drained soils. The roots of Common Snowberry are considered very
vigorous and deep ranging making it an excellent choice for bank stabilization. All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested.
Pests:
Thursday, February 20, 2014
15. Oregon Ash
Scientific name: Fraxinus latifolia
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Oleaceae
Zone:
6 to 7
Type:
Sun:
Partial shade
Deciduous tree
Native: YES
Moisture: Wet
Plant Characteristics
Height: 70 ft
Bloom:
Spring flowers
Width: 70 ft
Bloom Time:
April to May
Bloom Color:
Purple
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Gold foliage
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Evergreen
Bark
Poisonous
Showy
Edible
Foliage
Fruit
Description
A PNW native deciduous tree commonly found in wet areas in the lower reaches of the river valleys west of the Cascades. Its range
extends from British Columbia to southern California.
Morphology:
Compound opposite leaves, with 5-7 bright green, tapered leaflets. Golden yellow fall leaf color. Fruits winged.
Adaptation:
An excellent native for wetland areas and restoration sites. Grows best where summers are generally cool and humid and winters are
usually mild.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
16. Oregon Grape
Scientific name: Mahonia aquifolium
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Berberidaceae
Zone:
5 to 9
Type:
Sun:
Partial shade
Evergreen shrubs
Native: YES
Moisture: Dry
Plant Characteristics
Height: 10 ft
Bloom:
Showy flowers
Width: 5 ft
Bloom Time:
April to May
Bloom Color:
Yellow
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
Oregon Grape is the state flower of Oregon, best known for its production of blue-black berries which somewhat resemble clusters of
grapes.
Morphology:
Oregon Grape is an evergreen shrub which can grow to a height of 7’-10’ and up to 5’ wide. It does not have a well defined shape and
often forms scraggly clumps. Leaves are arranged in an alternate fashion and are pinnately compound. Leaves can be up to 12” long,
each consisting of 7-13 leaflets. They are stiff and leathery in texture, with a dark green upper surface during the summer and a bright
red-purplish color in the winter. With the spines on the edges of the leaves they resemble holly.
In April yellow flowers form followed by clusters of blue, grape-like fruit. While the berries are edible, they are very sour.
This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds.
Adaptation:
In the garden Oregon Grape is widely adapted to a multitude of soil conditions. It can be grown in either full sun or shade with partial
shade being the best. While the leaves will turn redder in the winter with more sun exposure, the foliage will retain its best appearance
with partial shade.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
Pests:
17. Nootka Rose
Scientific name: Rosa nutkana
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Rosaceae
Zone:
5 to 8
Type:
Sun:
Full to partial sun
Deciduous shrubs
Native: YES
Moisture: Dry
Plant Characteristics
Height: 8 ft
Bloom:
Fragrant flowers
Width: 6 ft
Bloom Time:
May to July
Bloom Color:
Pink
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
Nooka Rose is a Northwest native extending from northern California into Alaska. It is best known for its attractive pink blooms, and
red rose hips that persist in the winter.
Morphology:
Nootka Rose is a fast-growing, deciduous, erect shrub that can attain a height of 6’ with an equal spread. New plants arise from the
mother plant via underground runners.
Leaves are pinnately compound, with five to nine ovate and serrated leaflets. At the base of the leaves is a pair of thorns. Leaflets are
arranged in an alternate fashion.
Flowers appear from May through July. They are pink, about 2” across and subtle but sweet smelling. Each flower has five petals and
five sepals.
Stems have varying numbers of thorns.
Flowers give rise to red fruit known as hips and are large (!” - "” long) and round.
Adaptation:
Nootka Rose grows in both full sun and partial shade. It can tolerate flooding and can grow well on a host of different soil types.
Summer drought does not have a real effect on this species.
Thursday, February 20, Pests:
2014
18. Red Elderberry
Scientific name: Sambucus racemosa
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Zone:
4 to 8
Type:
Sun:
Full to partial sun
Deciduous shrubs
Native: YES
Moisture: Medium
Plant Characteristics
Height: 20 ft
Bloom:
Spring flowers
Width: 6 ft
Bloom Time:
April to May
Bloom Color:
White
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Edible
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
With its lacy foliage, large white flower clusters and brilliant red berry clusters, Red Elderberry is a showy shrub that makes a
wonderful addition to the native plant garden.
Morphology:
This deciduous shrub grows up to 20’ tall and 6’ in width. It has arching stems that give this species a vase shape form.
Leaves are pinnately compound with individual leaflets set in an opposite arrangement. Each leaf is 6”-12” long with 5 to 7 lanceolate
leaflets, with a pointed apex and pointed and serrated margins. The foliage is dark green and smooth above and paler below. In the
fall the leaves turn red before being shed for the winter.
Flowers are monoecious (both male and female parts together). The flowers are white and small and appear in April through May.
They form in large dome shaped clusters (umbels). They have a rather unpleasant, skunk smell. Butterflies enjoy the nectar of the
flowers, while birds will feast on the ripe berries.
In mid summer the flowers morph to small (1/16 to 1/8 inch) red, berry like fruits.
The stems are hollow. Early Americans made them into pipe-stems and flutes or toy whistles.
Adaptation:
Red Elderberry thrives in both full sun as well as partial shade. It will put on more growth with wetter site conditions.
The clusters of drupes are generally considered toxic for human consumption. When ripe however they can be cooked and made into
processed products, or fermented into wine. The rest of the plant (flowers, leaves, seeds, roots) is toxic as it contains cyanideproducing glycosides.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
19. Western Spirea
Scientific name: Spiraea douglassi
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Rosaceae
Zone:
Type:
1 to 9
Deciduous shrubs
Native: YES
Plant Characteristics
Height: 6 ft
Bloom:
Summer flowers
Width: 5 ft
Bloom Time:
June to September
Bloom Color:
Pink
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
As a fast growing Northwest native deciduous shrub, western or Douglas spiraea (also referred to as hardhack or steeplebush) grows
5'-6' tall and nearly as wide. Western spiraea is best known for its towering rose colored flowers, resembling cotton candy cones,
which appear from June through September. Home gardeners should consider this species for their native landscape designs.
Morphology:
Leaves alternate, simple, oblong, and 1”-3” long. Leaves have irregular serrate or toothed margins, and are dark green above, and
whitish beneath. Flowers are deep pink, 2 to 8” long, and are arranged in conical plumes. The beautiful flowers of this plant attract
butterflies, bees and other insects. Spent flower clusters are dark brown, and are retained as dried out forms over the winter. When
Douglas spiraea forms dense thickets, it is a perfect hiding spot for small mammals, amphibians, and birds.
Adaptation:
It is native to low, moist places, from northern California north to Alaska, at lower elevations. It likes sun to part shade. It will tolerate a
lot of water. It can become very drought tolerant. Extensively used for wetland restorations.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
Pests:
20. Cascara
Scientific name: Rhamnus purshiana
Taxonomy
Plant Requirements
Family: Rhamnaceae
Zone:
3 to 9
Type:
Sun:
Full to partial sun
Deciduous tree
Native: YES
Moisture: Medium
Plant Characteristics
Height: 30 ft
Bloom:
Spring flowers
Width: 15 ft
Bloom Time:
May
Bloom Color:
White
Additional Characteristics
Trees
Leaves
Small lot suitable
Good Fall color
Flowering tree
Leaves fragrant
Safe for beneath
power lines
Fruit
Showy
Edible
Gold foliage
Evergreen
Bark
Showy
Wildlife value
Attract
hummingbirds
Attract butterflies
Attract birds
Poisonous
Foliage
Fruit
Description
Cascara is known in both the native plant as well as the medical trade. In the late 1800’s it was discovered that the bark from the
Cascara tree could be used as a mild cathartic, helping the symptoms of habitual constipation. Also knonwn as Chittam, or Cascara
Buckthorn.
Morphology:
Cascara is a deciduous tree that can attain a mature height of 30’ and width of 15’. In the southern portion of its range (California) it
often becomes a small shrub.
Leaves are borne in an alternate fashion at the ends of the limbs. Leaves are simple and elliptic to oblong in shape. Mature leaves
can be up to 6” long. They have 10-15 parallel veins and a pointed tip. During the growing season the leaves are dark green on their
upper surfaces and lighter below. Fall foliage can become a very intense yellow, with shades of orange and red possible.
In May small green-white flowers appear. Flowers have sepals, petals, and stamens in clusters. Flowers are classified as umbels.
Flowers morph to small black berries (known as drupes). They are obtusely 3-angled, about the size of a large pea, and contain 3
black, shining seeds. Immature berries are red but mature to deep purple to black.
Adaptation:
The Cascara tree can grow in both sun or shade. It prefers moist, well drained sites. This native tree grows from northern British
Columbia south into California and east into Idaho and Montana.
Thursday, February 20, 2014
Pests: