This document provides an overview of various Islamic banking concepts including agency (al-wakalah), guarantee (al-kafalah), commission (ju'alah), fee (al-ujar), and remittance (al-hiwala). It defines each concept and outlines their key pillars and principles in 1-2 paragraphs. Agency involves appointing an agent to act on one's behalf. Guarantee involves a guarantor ensuring a debtor meets their obligations. Commission pays a fee for completed work. Fee pays for services rendered. Remittance transfers a debt from one party to another.

1. ISLAMIC
BANKING AND
FINANCE
Mahyuddin Khalid
emkay@salam.uitm.edu.my
OTHER SERVICES

2. CONTENTS
 AGENCY ( AL-WAKALAH)
 GUARANTEE (AL-KAFALAH)
 COMMISSION (JU’ALAH)
 FEE (AL-UJR)
 REMITTANCE (AL-HIWALAH)
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3. AGENCY BASED ON AL-WAKALAH
 Definition of Wakalah:
 The appointment of someone to take over the
appointer’s affairs on his/her behalf for the purpose
of accomplishment of certain tasks
 Wakalah implies a kind of delegation by a
person of his business to act on his behalf.
 It is lawful if a person appoints another as his
representative for selling or buying, letting or
hiring, giving or taking a pledge for depositing or
receiving a gift, for safe keeping, for making a
compromise, and for giving an acquaintance and
for making an admission etc.
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4. AGENCY BASED ON AL-WAKALAH
 Pillars Of Wakalah
 Wakil - The authorized
agent, representative, proxy, trustee
 Muwakkil - Authorizer, mandatory, client, principal
 Muwakkal Bih - Things or subject matter that is being
entrusted for, or the business deals involved
 Sighah - Ijab (Offer) and Qabul (Acceptance)
 Types of Wakalah
 Wakalah Mutlaqah (Unlimited Agency/ Unrestricted
Wakalah)
 A Wakalah contract that is not restricted to any conditions
except for those that are permitted in Islam
 Not confined to certain circumstances or time limit.
 Wakalah Muqayyadah (Limited Agency/ Restricted
Wakalah)
 An Wakalah contract that is restricted or confined with
certain conditions that are legitimized by Islam
 Bounded by special circumstances or time limit
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5. AGENCY BASED ON AL-WAKALAH
Muwakkil.
(Authorizer, mandatory, clie
nt, principal)
Muwakkal
Bih
(Things or
subject
matter)
Wakil
(authorized
agent, representative, pro
xy)
Qabul
(Acceptance)
Ijab (Offer)
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6. GUARANTEE BASED ON AL-
KAFALAH
 Definition of al-Kafalah:
 The pledge given by the guarantor/surety (al-
kafil) to a creditor (al-makful lah) on behalf of the
principal debtor (al-makful anh) to secure that
the guaranteed (al-makful bih) i.e the debtor, will
be present at a definite place, e.g to pay his
debt, or fine, or, in the case of retaliation, to
undergo punishment.
 In kafalah a person joins another person in
undertaking certain obligation.
Consequently, both persons become jointly
liable to meet any claim that may arise from
this obligation
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7. GUARANTEE BASED ON AL-
KAFALAH
 Pillars Of al-Kafalah
 Guarantor/surety (al-kafil) - A person who gives the guarantee is also called
surety. A person who agrees to be responsible for another person’s liability
especially paying for his debt
 Creditor (al-makful lah) - A creditor to whom the guarantee is given
 Principal debtor (al-makful anh) - The person in respect of whose default the
guarantee is given. He is also called the principal debtor.
 Guaranteed (al-makful bih) i.e the debtor, things - The claim itself whether it
relates to the person or property.
 Types Of al-Kafalah
 Al-Kafalah bi al-Nafs (Guarantee of Person)
 The guarantor is assuming the responsibility to make sure the presence of the principal
in a lawsuit.
 This is also possible in cases where the principal owes the creditor.
 Al-Kafalah Bi al-Mal (Guarantee of Property)
 Can be both for the settlement of a debt (dain) or a guarantee that a certain specific
thing (‘ain) would be returned.
 For instance, the guarantor is liable to make sure that a certain property bought by the
buyer will be returned to him. The creditor has the option of demanding repayment from
either the principal or the guarantor.
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8. FLOWS OF AL-KAFALAH
Kafil (Gurantor)
Makful Bih (Debtor/ Things)
Makful Anh
(Principle Debtor)
Makful – Lah (Creditor)
Guarantoragreestobe
responsiblePrinciple
Debtor’sliability
Creditorcanretrievehisdebt
incaseofdefaultbythe
principledebtor
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9. COMMISSION BASED ON JU’ALAH
 Definition of Ju’alah:
 Declaration(akad) for a commitment or a promise for a person
to pay some fee to another person for the task that have been
done.
 Ju’alah must be clearly stated in term of the task that need
to be done, the time of the task, and also the object of
Ju’alah is not prohibited in Shariah.
 The commission for Ju’alah must be given only after the
task have been done.
 Pillars of Ju’alah:
 Ja’il (a person that promise to give the commission for the
achievement of the task )
 Maj’ullah (a person that perform the task).
 Ju’alah (fee)
 Sighah (Ijab (offer) and Qabul (acceptance))
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10. FEE BASED ON AL-UJR
 Ujr can be defined as compensation or
 It refers to a contract of proposed and known
usufruct with a specified and lawful return or
compensation for the effort or work which has
been expended.
 Refers to commissions or fees charged for
service.
 Pillars of al-Ujr:
 Al-Ajir (The recipient of the payment –
Employee, hired worker etc.)
 Musta’jir (A person who gives something for hire–
Employer etc.)
 Al-Amal (Service)
 Ujrah (Payment of service)
 Sighah (Offer (Ijab) and Acceptance (Qabul))
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11. FEE BASED ON AL-UJR
STUDENT
1. Student apply for PTPTN
2. Finance the students
3. Payback the money + Al-
Ujr
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12. REMITTANCE BASED ON AL-
HIWALAH
 Definition of al-Hiwalah:
 To transfer a debt from one person (debtor) to
another with the same price, it comes to the
consequence than the liability of the debtor is
abolished. In other words, the first obligator is
freed from any financial obligations.
 Hiwalah is a contract which caused the
transfer of debt from one party to another.
 According to Mughni Muhtaj, the term
Hiwalah is refer to the debt transfer from a
party/person to another.
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13. PILLARS OF AL-HIWALAH
 Pillars of al-Hiwalah
 Muhil - A person who is transfers his debt to another person.
 Muhal-Lah - A creditor, whom his property/ debt is transferred to be
paid by another person instead of his debtor.
 Muhal Alaihi - Tranferee– a person who accept a hiwalah to himself
 Muhal Bih - The things which is transferred by Hiwalah
 Sighah - Ijab (Offer) and Qabul (Acceptance)
 Categories of al-Hiwalah
 Hiwalah Muqayyadah (Restricted hiwalah )
 The transferee to pay from property of the transferor, owed to him by the
transferee, or in the hand of the transferee
 This type of hiwalah when a transfer is made with reference to the debt on
the transferee. The majority only recognizes this type of hiwalah.
 Hiwalah Mutlaqah (Absolute hiwalah)
 A hiwalah which is not restricted for payment to be made from property of
the transferor in the hands of the transferee
 This is a type of hawalah where the contract is concluded without reference
to the debt on the transferee and he accepts the transfer. The majority
argues that the contract is a kafalah and not hiwalah.
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14. FLOWS OF AL-HIWALAH
Muhal Alaihi
(Transferee)
Muhil
(Transferor/
Debtor)
Muhal Lah
(Creditor)
Muhal Bih
(Debt/ Things
which is
transfered)
Debtorwillmakeoffer(ijab)totransfer
hisdebttothetransfereeand
transfereewillaccept(qabul)the
hiwalahprocess
Transfereewillhaveto
paythedebttothe
creditor
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15. END OF CHAPTER15