This ppt gives you a great idea about mutiprogramming/mutitasking and it's types,characteristics,working process,advantages,disadvantages. This also shows the differnces and similarity between them through a comparative table.

1. TITLE: MULTI-PROGRAMMING/MULTI-TASKING
DONE BY:
KAVINAYA.J
HARIHARAN.M
SATHYANARAYAN

2. Table of content
1. Introduction to multi-programming and multi-
tasking
10. Working process of multi-tasking
2. What is multi-programming 11. Activities related to multi-tasking
3. Working process of multi-programming 12. Types of multi-tasking
4. Components of multi-programming 13. Characteristics of a Multi-Tasking
5. Examples of multi-programming 14. Examples of multitasking
6. Advantages of multi-programming 15. Advantages of multi-tasking
7. Disadvantages of multi-programming 16. Disadvantages of multi-tasking
8. What is multi-tasking 17. Comparison between multi-tasking and multi-
programming
9. Then vs Now 18. Reference

3. MULTI-PROGRAMMING:
Multiprogramming means executing more than one program. When one program
is waiting for I/O transfer, another program is executed on the CPU. In this way, the
computer is able to handle multiple tasks or programs simultaneously. Hence,
multiprogramming is also known as multi-tasking.
MULTITASKING:
Multitasking Operating System provides the interface for executing the multiple
program tasks by single user at a same time on one computer system. The term
multitasking, when paired with an operating system, refers to the users being allowed to
accomplish more than one computative task, for instance: allowing the user to perform
more than one task on an application program at a given time.

5.  To overcome the problem of under utilization of cpu and main memory that why
multi-programming introduced.
 Multi-programming operating system that execute more than one jobs using
single processor computer.
 Only one program at a time is able to execute at the cpu for execution.
 If program has to wait for an input & output transfer, then other jobs utilize the
cpu.
 The primary components of multi-programming are processor, file system,
input & output control system and transient area.

6. • In this picture Job A ,Job B and
Job c present in the main memory
the os take one job and executing
it.
• Job a requires input & output
operation, then os simply switch
over to job B
• If job B requires input & output
then it again it switch to job C.
• If there is no jobs after job C the
cpu will pass it control back to
previous job.
Working process

7.  processor
 File system
 Input & output control system
 Transient area

8.  User can use ms-word, download apps, transfer data form one point to another
point and more at a same time.
 Windows operating system.
 Unix operating system.

9. Multi-tasking
A multitasking operating system
is capable of executing several
programs simultaneously.
Multi-user
A multi-user operating enables several
users to share processing time on one
powerful central computer throung
different terminals.

10.  To increases cpu utilization and it never gets idel.
 Resources are utilized smartly.
 Less response time.
 Shorts time jobs are done fastest compare to long time jobs.
 It hep to run various jobs in a single application simultaneously.
 Various users may use the multi-programming system at once.
 It helps to optimize the total job throughput of the computer.

11.  Cpu scheduling is needed.
 Memory management is required because all type of jobs are stored in the main
memory.
 It contain massive load of jobs then its long time jobs have to need long
waiting time.
 It is highly complex.
 It is highly sophisticated.

13.  Multi-tasking term used in a modern computer system.
 It is also known as time sharing operating system.
 It is logical extension of a multiprogramming system that execution of multiple
program simultaneously.
 It allow a user to perform more than one computer task simultaneously.
 For example, any editing task can be performed while other program are
executing.
 User can open gmail and power point at same time.
 Multiple tasks are also known as processes that share similar processing
resources like a cpu.

14. Then
 Multitasking of Microsoft Windows 1.01
released in 1985, here shown running the MS-
DOS Executive and Calculator programs
Now
 Modern desktop operating systems are
capable of handling large numbers of different
processes at the same time. This screenshot
shows Linux Mint running simultaneously Xfce
desktop environment, Firefox, a calculator
program, the built-in calendar, Vim, GIMP, and
VLC media player.

15. Ms word music chrome
Operating system
Cpu
 Processes are assigned specific
quantum of time
 Example lets assign time quantum is 4
nano seconds so cpu can execute first
process for 4 nano seconds
 Then move to next process which also
will be execute 4 nano second.
 Time quantum is the period of time for
which a process is allowed to run.
 Multi-tasking operating system
switching so fast like all process are
running parallel.
 So user can able to work on multiple
program

16.  Initially the user will give instructions to the operating system or to a
program/application directly, and they will receive an immediate response.
 To display this quick response, the operating system handles multitasking by
“slicing” some of the processors operating capability to that program.

17. Preemptive
 Preemptive multitasking is special
task that is assigned to computer.
 It take decision that how much time
spent by one task before assigning
other task
 Operating system has control for
completing this entire process so it is
known as preemptive
cooperative multitasking
 Cooperative multitasking Is known
as non-preemptive multitasking.
 Main goal of cooperative
multitasking is to run task and to
release the cpu to allow another task
run.
 This task is performed by calling
taskyield().
 Context switch is executed when this
function is called.

18.  Context Switch
 Hardware Interruption
 Time-Sharing
 Real-time
 Multithreading
 Multiprocessing
 Memory swap & Multitask operating systems utilise the use of memory swapping
 Memory Protection

19.  Windows Xp
 Windows 7
 Windows 8
 Windows 10
 Windows 2000
 Ibm os/390
 Linux
 unix

20.  Time shareable:
 All tasks are allocate specific piece of time so they do not need for waiting time.
 Manage several users : this operating system is more comfort for handling the multiple
users concurrently and several programs can run smoothly.
 Secured memory: Multitasking operating system has well defined memory management
because this operating system does not provide any type of permission of unwanted
programs to wasting the memory.
 Multitasking operating system create the better environment to execute the background
 Every user can operate single or multiple programs with smoothly.
 User can operate multiple programs such as internet, powerpoint, ms excel,games and
other concurrently.

21.  Reliability problems.
 One must have to take care of security and integrity of user programs and data.
 Data communication problem.
 Multiple processors become buier at a time for executing any task in multitasking
nature so cpu produces more heat.
 It response time can increase while handling multiple programs.need better
processing power to overcome this problem.

22. Features Multiprogramming Multitasking
Basic It allows multiple programs to utilize the CPU
simultaneously.
A supplementary of the
multiprogramming system also
allows for user interaction.
Mechanism Based on the context switching mechanism. Based on the time-sharing
mechanism.
Objective It is useful for reducing/decreasing CPU idle time and
increasing throughput as much as possible.
It is useful for running multiple
processes at the same time,
effectively increasing CPU and
system throughput.
Execution When one job or process completes its execution or
switches to an I/O task in a multi-programmed system, the
system momentarily suspends that process. It selects
another process from the process scheduling pool (waiting
queue) to run.
In a multiprocessing system,
multiple processes can operate
simultaneously by allocating the
CPU for a fixed amount of time.
CPU Switching In a multiuser environment, the CPU switches between
programs/processes quickly.
In a single-user environment, the
CPU switches between the
processes of various programs.
Timing It takes maximum time to execute the process. It takes minimum time to execute
the process.
COMPARISON BETWEEN MUTITASKING AND MUTIPROGRAMMING:

23. REFERNCE LINKS:
https://digitalthinkerhelp.com/what-is-multitasking-operating-system-with-
their-examples-types/
https://digitalthinkerhelp.com/what-is-multitasking-operating-system-with-
their-examples-types/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-a-multiprogramming-operating-
system#:~:text=Multiprogramming%20OS%20is%20an%20ability,at%20one%2
0point%20of%20time
https://www.javatpoint.com/multiprogramming-vs-multitasking
VEDIO LINKS:
https://youtu.be/fhhc_bjgiuA