This document provides an overview of orthopedic x-rays, including their purpose and history. It describes x-ray machines and the five densities visible on radiographs. Key orthopedic terminology is defined. Normal anatomy of multiple body regions is shown on radiographs, along with common orthopedic conditions like fractures, infections, arthritis, and tumors. Features to assess on spinal radiographs like vertebral alignment, disc height, and soft tissues are outlined.
Pediatric Orthopedic Imaging Case Studies #7 Pediatric Elbow FracturesSean M. Fox
Dr. Haley Dusek is an Emergency Medicine Resident and interested in pediatric emergency medicine and medical education. Dr. Ainsley Bloomer is an Orthopedic resident at Carolinas Medical Center. With the guidance of Dr. Michael Gibbs, a notable Professor of Emergency Medicine, and supervision of Dr. Danielle Sutton, a Pediatric Emergency Medicine specialist, and Dr. Virginia Casey, a Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these educational, self-guided radiology slides. This set will cover:
•Lateral condyle
•Medial epicondyle
•Monteggia
•Posterior dislocation
•Transphyseal separation
Pediatric Orthopedic Imaging Case Studies #7 Pediatric Elbow FracturesSean M. Fox
Dr. Haley Dusek is an Emergency Medicine Resident and interested in pediatric emergency medicine and medical education. Dr. Ainsley Bloomer is an Orthopedic resident at Carolinas Medical Center. With the guidance of Dr. Michael Gibbs, a notable Professor of Emergency Medicine, and supervision of Dr. Danielle Sutton, a Pediatric Emergency Medicine specialist, and Dr. Virginia Casey, a Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these educational, self-guided radiology slides. This set will cover:
•Lateral condyle
•Medial epicondyle
•Monteggia
•Posterior dislocation
•Transphyseal separation
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
3. Why radiography
Easily available
Initial investigation to evaluate bone and joints
Initial investigations for chest
For follow up
For better communication with orthopedics and
radiology department
6. Radiograph
X-rays are the beam of ionizing radiation emitted from the X-ray tube during the
exposure. Although “X-ray" is a term frequently used to refer to the image/film produced,
radiograph is the correct term.
The radiograph, irrespective of the projection/view, is a 2-dimensional representation of
a 3-dimensional structure.
41. Spine
The following features should be assessed when reviewing
the films;
— vertebral alignment
— spinous processes alignment
— vertebral body height
— disc space height
— prevertebral soft tissues
42. Vertebral alignment
3 smooth unbroken lines (or arcs) should be present in the normal spine, which are
— along the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies
— along the posterior margins of the vertebral bodies
— along the bases of the spinous processes (spinolaminar line)
43. Alignment of spinous processes
the spinous processes should lie in a straight line on the AP view and be equidistant on the lateral
view.
splaying of the interspinous space on the lateral view will indicate ligamentous disruption and a
degree of subluxation. Loss of alignment on the AP view suggests unilateral problems with abnormal
rotation at the injured level e.g. unilateral facet dislocation.
44. Vertebral body and disc space height
• the vertebral bodies should have a relatively uniform square/rectangular shape and the disc spaces
be of uniform height.
• loss of height of a vertebral body indicates a compression fracture.
• widening of a disc space indicates severe injury with disruption of the disc.
• narrowing of the disc space may be due to chronic disc damage, and is common in old age.
However, subluxation of the vertebrae must be excluded when there has been an acute injury.
45.
46. Pre vertebra I soft tissues
on the lateral view the normal prevertebral soft tissues should be no more than 30% of the
vertebral body width from Cl to C4 and no more than 100% of the vertebral body width at C5 to
C7
abnormal prevertebral soft tissue swelling is seen in approximately 50% of patients with
bonyinjury. It is important to remember that absence of soft tissue swelling does not exclude a
significant injury
