Orthopedic bone and joint infection cd
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Bone and joint infection
1. Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and tuberculosis are infectious diseases that can affect bones and joints. The document discusses the definition, incidence, bacteriology, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis, complications, and treatment of these conditions.
2. For osteomyelitis, the metaphysis of long bones is a common site of infection. Imaging such as x-rays, MRI, bone scans can identify bone changes. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of abscesses, and debridement of infected tissues.
3. Septic arthritis typically involves a single large joint. Presentation includes pain, swelling, fever. Joint fluid analysis and culture helps confirm the diagnosis
Bone and joint infections: Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis
The document discusses osteomyelitis, which is a bone infection. It is commonly caused by bacteria spreading from other sites in the body and entering the bone via the bloodstream. Symptoms include bone pain, fever, and swelling near the infected site. Treatment involves long-term intravenous antibiotics along with surgery to remove infected or dead bone tissue. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment, though chronic cases can be difficult to treat and may require amputation in severe cases.
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process of bone caused by infection. It can be acute or chronic and is classified based on etiology, pathology, and clinical presentation. Acute osteomyelitis involves suppurative inflammation of bone marrow and cortex. Chronic forms include chronic suppurative, focal sclerosing, diffuse sclerosing, and proliferative periostitis variants. Predisposing factors include trauma, radiation, systemic diseases, and dental infections which are a common cause. Diagnosis involves clinical, radiographic, histologic and treatment depends on type and includes debridement, drainage and long-term antibiotics.
Recommended
Bone and joint infection
1. Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and tuberculosis are infectious diseases that can affect bones and joints. The document discusses the definition, incidence, bacteriology, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis, complications, and treatment of these conditions.
2. For osteomyelitis, the metaphysis of long bones is a common site of infection. Imaging such as x-rays, MRI, bone scans can identify bone changes. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of abscesses, and debridement of infected tissues.
3. Septic arthritis typically involves a single large joint. Presentation includes pain, swelling, fever. Joint fluid analysis and culture helps confirm the diagnosis
Bone and joint infections: Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis
The document discusses osteomyelitis, which is a bone infection. It is commonly caused by bacteria spreading from other sites in the body and entering the bone via the bloodstream. Symptoms include bone pain, fever, and swelling near the infected site. Treatment involves long-term intravenous antibiotics along with surgery to remove infected or dead bone tissue. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment, though chronic cases can be difficult to treat and may require amputation in severe cases.
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process of bone caused by infection. It can be acute or chronic and is classified based on etiology, pathology, and clinical presentation. Acute osteomyelitis involves suppurative inflammation of bone marrow and cortex. Chronic forms include chronic suppurative, focal sclerosing, diffuse sclerosing, and proliferative periostitis variants. Predisposing factors include trauma, radiation, systemic diseases, and dental infections which are a common cause. Diagnosis involves clinical, radiographic, histologic and treatment depends on type and includes debridement, drainage and long-term antibiotics.
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute (<2 weeks), subacute (2-6 weeks), or chronic (>6 weeks) depending on duration and symptoms. Common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and other staph species. In children, S. aureus and group B streptococcus are frequent causes. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by necrotic bone (sequestrum) surrounded by inflammatory tissue (involucrum). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. The metaphysis of long bones is a common site due to its vascular anatomy.
Femoroacetabular Impingment: Evidence Based Tratment
This document summarizes research on the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with manual therapy. It discusses the anatomy and causes of FAI, as well as diagnosis using imaging and clinical exams. While evidence directly comparing manual therapy to exercise for FAI is limited, manual therapy techniques used successfully for hip osteoarthritis may also benefit FAI by increasing range of motion and reducing pain. Case reports show positive outcomes with manual therapy including traction, mobilization, and soft tissue techniques for FAI patients. More research is still needed on rehabilitation approaches for FAI.
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Baram)
This document discusses various types of orthopedic infections including acute and subacute hematogenous osteomyelitis, chronic osteomyelitis, purulent infectious arthritis, soft tissue infections, and postoperative, posttraumatic, and postarthroplasty infections. It covers the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. Key factors that can influence infections include patient factors like general health, immunology, and alcohol/medicine use as well as surgical factors such as preparation, sterilization, and operating theater. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, laboratory tests, imaging like x-rays, ultrasound, CT, and MRI scans. Treatment depends on the type and severity of infection but generally involves antibiotics, biopsy or aspiration, surgery
Typhus , yellow , dengue ..also deals with causative agents insects,public he...
The presentation mainly deals with several diseases like typhus ,yellow fever,dengue fever.the slide also contain their causative agents and symptoms.
Eh203 infectious & lifestyle diseases-Plague by JOSHUA SELI
Plague is a deadly infectious disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria, which is commonly transmitted to humans by fleas that feed on infected rodents. There are three main forms of plague - bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic - which vary in their symptoms and transmission methods. While plague has caused several pandemics throughout history, it is now treatable with antibiotics when diagnosed early. Public health efforts focus on surveillance of rodent populations and fleas to control outbreaks.
Plague
Common forms of plague
Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. It usually occurs after the bite of an infected flea. The key feature of bubonic plague is a swollen, painful lymph node, usually in the groin, armpit or neck. Other symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and extreme exhaustion. A person usually becomes ill with bubonic plague 1 to 6 days after being infected. If not treated early, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause septicemic or pneumonic plague.
Transient synovitis of the hip
Transient synovitis of the hip is a common cause of hip pain in children. It involves acute onset of unilateral hip pain without systemic illness, causing the child to limp. While the exact cause is unknown, it is thought to be related to infection or trauma. The condition typically resolves on its own within 10 days without treatment in most cases. Strict bed rest is recommended until symptoms subside.
Specific osteomyelitis
This document summarizes different types of osteomyelitis (bone infection), including acute, chronic, and multifocal non-suppurative osteomyelitis. It also discusses specific conditions like Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis, Caffey's disease, syphilis, yaws, brucellosis, actinomycosis, fungal infections, and hydatid disease that can cause bone infections. For each condition, it provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment approaches.
Plague
Yersinia pestis is the bacterium that causes plague. It is usually transmitted to humans by the bites of infected fleas that live on rodents. The rat flea Xenopsylla cheopsis is the most common and efficient vector. Certain environmental conditions like warm temperatures between 20-25 degrees Celsius and 60% humidity provide favorable conditions for plague transmission. Human activities and movement can also influence plague spread. Monitoring flea indices on rodents is important for evaluating plague risk and the effectiveness of control programs.
Chronic osteomyelitis
Chronic osteomyelitis is a persistent bone infection that can develop from acute osteomyelitis if the infection is not properly treated. It is characterized by the formation of dead bone (sequestra) surrounded by infected tissue. Treatment requires extensive surgical debridement to remove all infected and dead bone, followed by long-term antibiotics and procedures to fill dead space and promote healing. Complications can include continued infection, bone deformities, fractures and joint stiffness if not adequately addressed.
Tumour Markers
Tumour markers are substances that are produced by tumour cells or the body's response to tumours that can be detected and measured in blood, urine, or body tissues. They can be used for screening, diagnosis, staging, detecting recurrence, and monitoring treatment response. However, tumour markers have limitations as they are not always tumour-specific and levels can be elevated in benign conditions. The main uses of common tumour markers are monitoring disease in patients with known cancers like CEA for colorectal cancer, PSA for prostate cancer, and AFP and HCG for germ cell tumours.
Chronic osteomyeliti sby aina
This document discusses chronic osteomyelitis, including its causes, types, clinical features, investigations, staging, treatment, and differential diagnosis. Chronic osteomyelitis is caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus entering bone through breaks in the skin or surgery. It is characterized by destruction of bone tissue, formation of cavities containing pus and dead bone, and chronic inflammation. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-rays and biopsy. Treatment consists of long-term antibiotics, surgery to remove infected tissue, and management of any underlying risks or complications.
Medicine 6th year, Acute Viral Hepatitis
- The document discusses the history of viral hepatitis, covering discoveries from 500 BC to the present day such as the identification of different hepatitis viruses (A-E) and means of transmission.
- It provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention of different types of viral hepatitis.
- Key points covered include the different routes of transmission for each virus, risk factors for disease progression, vaccination recommendations, and post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines.
Osteomyelitis In Adults
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection of bone. It describes the classification systems of Waldvogel and Cierny-Mader, which categorize osteomyelitis based on duration, pathogenesis, anatomical involvement, and host physiology. Common types include hematogenous osteomyelitis from bacteremia and contiguous osteomyelitis from a nearby soft tissue infection. Diagnosis involves imaging, labs, and bone biopsy for culture and pathology. Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent pathogen.
Cold abscess
1) Cold abscesses are collections of pus that develop slowly without signs of inflammation and are usually caused by tuberculosis infection elsewhere in the body, commonly the lymph nodes or bones.
2) They form via a pathological process where the tuberculosis bacteria are phagocytosed by immune cells, forming granulomas with caseous necrosis that can break down and track along tissue planes, appearing as painless swellings distant from the original infection site.
3) Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing, biopsy or aspiration of the abscess, and radiological imaging like ultrasound or CT scan may help locate the abscess. Treatment consists of anti-tuberculosis drugs alongside drainage of palpable abscesses.
Epidemiology and prevention of plague
This document summarizes the epidemiology and prevention of plague. It describes the history of plague pandemics, the causative bacterium Yersinia pestis, and modes of transmission. Key points are that plague is typically zoonotic, spreading from rodents to humans via flea bites. Historically, it caused urban epidemics but now occurs sporadically in rural areas. Prevention includes vaccination, respiratory droplet precautions, and post-exposure prophylaxis with antibiotics for exposed contacts to prevent person-to-person spread.
Tumour markers by dr narmada
Tumor markers are biological substances that can be detected in cancer patients that are produced either by the tumor itself or by the body in response to cancer. While ideal tumor markers would be highly specific to cancer, many tumor markers can also be elevated in benign conditions. This can lead to false positives and incorrect interpretation of tumor marker test results. Some conditions that may cause transient or non-transient rises in common tumor markers include cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and smoking. The lack of specificity of some tumor markers limits their use for screening asymptomatic populations but they can be useful for monitoring known cancer patients. Improved specificity of tumor markers through new technologies may help address this limitation.
Periapical pathology 22 (1)
The document discusses pulp and periapical diseases. It begins by describing the pathobiology of the periapex and classifying pulpoperipaical pathoses. It then discusses the classifications of Franklin Weine and the WHO for pulpoperipaical lesions. Key lesions discussed include acute and chronic apical periodontitis, periapical granuloma, periapical cyst, condensing osteitis, and Ludwig's angina. Differential diagnoses and clinical signs and symptoms are also covered.
Typhus: the Rickettsial Disease
Typhus is caused by Rickettsia bacteria, which are intracellular parasites transmitted through arthropod bites like lice and ticks. Rickettsia infect endothelial cells and cause vasculitis. Symptoms include fever, headache, rash and can lead to organ damage. Diagnosis involves identifying the bacteria through PCR on skin biopsies or blood or detecting antibodies. Treatment is with doxycycline or chloramphenicol antibiotics. Prevention involves vector control and vaccines, though available vaccines are not very effective.
PS SESSION : EXAMINATION OF HIP
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and examination of the hip joint. It begins with a detailed review of hip anatomy including bones, ligaments, muscles and nerves. It then discusses common hip conditions and outlines the components of a history and physical exam for the hip. The physical exam section describes how to inspect, palpate and perform range of motion and special tests on the hip including Bryant's triangle, Shoemaker's line, and tests for instability like FABER. Differential diagnoses for hip and thigh pain are also listed.
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Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute (<2 weeks), subacute (2-6 weeks), or chronic (>6 weeks) depending on duration and symptoms. Common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and other staph species. In children, S. aureus and group B streptococcus are frequent causes. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by necrotic bone (sequestrum) surrounded by inflammatory tissue (involucrum). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. The metaphysis of long bones is a common site due to its vascular anatomy.
Femoroacetabular Impingment: Evidence Based Tratment
This document summarizes research on the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with manual therapy. It discusses the anatomy and causes of FAI, as well as diagnosis using imaging and clinical exams. While evidence directly comparing manual therapy to exercise for FAI is limited, manual therapy techniques used successfully for hip osteoarthritis may also benefit FAI by increasing range of motion and reducing pain. Case reports show positive outcomes with manual therapy including traction, mobilization, and soft tissue techniques for FAI patients. More research is still needed on rehabilitation approaches for FAI.
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Baram)
This document discusses various types of orthopedic infections including acute and subacute hematogenous osteomyelitis, chronic osteomyelitis, purulent infectious arthritis, soft tissue infections, and postoperative, posttraumatic, and postarthroplasty infections. It covers the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. Key factors that can influence infections include patient factors like general health, immunology, and alcohol/medicine use as well as surgical factors such as preparation, sterilization, and operating theater. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, laboratory tests, imaging like x-rays, ultrasound, CT, and MRI scans. Treatment depends on the type and severity of infection but generally involves antibiotics, biopsy or aspiration, surgery
Typhus , yellow , dengue ..also deals with causative agents insects,public he...
The presentation mainly deals with several diseases like typhus ,yellow fever,dengue fever.the slide also contain their causative agents and symptoms.
Eh203 infectious & lifestyle diseases-Plague by JOSHUA SELI
Plague is a deadly infectious disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria, which is commonly transmitted to humans by fleas that feed on infected rodents. There are three main forms of plague - bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic - which vary in their symptoms and transmission methods. While plague has caused several pandemics throughout history, it is now treatable with antibiotics when diagnosed early. Public health efforts focus on surveillance of rodent populations and fleas to control outbreaks.
Plague
Common forms of plague
Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. It usually occurs after the bite of an infected flea. The key feature of bubonic plague is a swollen, painful lymph node, usually in the groin, armpit or neck. Other symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and extreme exhaustion. A person usually becomes ill with bubonic plague 1 to 6 days after being infected. If not treated early, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause septicemic or pneumonic plague.
Transient synovitis of the hip
Transient synovitis of the hip is a common cause of hip pain in children. It involves acute onset of unilateral hip pain without systemic illness, causing the child to limp. While the exact cause is unknown, it is thought to be related to infection or trauma. The condition typically resolves on its own within 10 days without treatment in most cases. Strict bed rest is recommended until symptoms subside.
Specific osteomyelitis
This document summarizes different types of osteomyelitis (bone infection), including acute, chronic, and multifocal non-suppurative osteomyelitis. It also discusses specific conditions like Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis, Caffey's disease, syphilis, yaws, brucellosis, actinomycosis, fungal infections, and hydatid disease that can cause bone infections. For each condition, it provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment approaches.
Plague
Yersinia pestis is the bacterium that causes plague. It is usually transmitted to humans by the bites of infected fleas that live on rodents. The rat flea Xenopsylla cheopsis is the most common and efficient vector. Certain environmental conditions like warm temperatures between 20-25 degrees Celsius and 60% humidity provide favorable conditions for plague transmission. Human activities and movement can also influence plague spread. Monitoring flea indices on rodents is important for evaluating plague risk and the effectiveness of control programs.
Chronic osteomyelitis
Chronic osteomyelitis is a persistent bone infection that can develop from acute osteomyelitis if the infection is not properly treated. It is characterized by the formation of dead bone (sequestra) surrounded by infected tissue. Treatment requires extensive surgical debridement to remove all infected and dead bone, followed by long-term antibiotics and procedures to fill dead space and promote healing. Complications can include continued infection, bone deformities, fractures and joint stiffness if not adequately addressed.
Tumour Markers
Tumour markers are substances that are produced by tumour cells or the body's response to tumours that can be detected and measured in blood, urine, or body tissues. They can be used for screening, diagnosis, staging, detecting recurrence, and monitoring treatment response. However, tumour markers have limitations as they are not always tumour-specific and levels can be elevated in benign conditions. The main uses of common tumour markers are monitoring disease in patients with known cancers like CEA for colorectal cancer, PSA for prostate cancer, and AFP and HCG for germ cell tumours.
Chronic osteomyeliti sby aina
This document discusses chronic osteomyelitis, including its causes, types, clinical features, investigations, staging, treatment, and differential diagnosis. Chronic osteomyelitis is caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus entering bone through breaks in the skin or surgery. It is characterized by destruction of bone tissue, formation of cavities containing pus and dead bone, and chronic inflammation. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-rays and biopsy. Treatment consists of long-term antibiotics, surgery to remove infected tissue, and management of any underlying risks or complications.
Medicine 6th year, Acute Viral Hepatitis
- The document discusses the history of viral hepatitis, covering discoveries from 500 BC to the present day such as the identification of different hepatitis viruses (A-E) and means of transmission.
- It provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention of different types of viral hepatitis.
- Key points covered include the different routes of transmission for each virus, risk factors for disease progression, vaccination recommendations, and post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines.
Osteomyelitis In Adults
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection of bone. It describes the classification systems of Waldvogel and Cierny-Mader, which categorize osteomyelitis based on duration, pathogenesis, anatomical involvement, and host physiology. Common types include hematogenous osteomyelitis from bacteremia and contiguous osteomyelitis from a nearby soft tissue infection. Diagnosis involves imaging, labs, and bone biopsy for culture and pathology. Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent pathogen.
Cold abscess
1) Cold abscesses are collections of pus that develop slowly without signs of inflammation and are usually caused by tuberculosis infection elsewhere in the body, commonly the lymph nodes or bones.
2) They form via a pathological process where the tuberculosis bacteria are phagocytosed by immune cells, forming granulomas with caseous necrosis that can break down and track along tissue planes, appearing as painless swellings distant from the original infection site.
3) Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing, biopsy or aspiration of the abscess, and radiological imaging like ultrasound or CT scan may help locate the abscess. Treatment consists of anti-tuberculosis drugs alongside drainage of palpable abscesses.
Epidemiology and prevention of plague
This document summarizes the epidemiology and prevention of plague. It describes the history of plague pandemics, the causative bacterium Yersinia pestis, and modes of transmission. Key points are that plague is typically zoonotic, spreading from rodents to humans via flea bites. Historically, it caused urban epidemics but now occurs sporadically in rural areas. Prevention includes vaccination, respiratory droplet precautions, and post-exposure prophylaxis with antibiotics for exposed contacts to prevent person-to-person spread.
Tumour markers by dr narmada
Tumor markers are biological substances that can be detected in cancer patients that are produced either by the tumor itself or by the body in response to cancer. While ideal tumor markers would be highly specific to cancer, many tumor markers can also be elevated in benign conditions. This can lead to false positives and incorrect interpretation of tumor marker test results. Some conditions that may cause transient or non-transient rises in common tumor markers include cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and smoking. The lack of specificity of some tumor markers limits their use for screening asymptomatic populations but they can be useful for monitoring known cancer patients. Improved specificity of tumor markers through new technologies may help address this limitation.
Periapical pathology 22 (1)
The document discusses pulp and periapical diseases. It begins by describing the pathobiology of the periapex and classifying pulpoperipaical pathoses. It then discusses the classifications of Franklin Weine and the WHO for pulpoperipaical lesions. Key lesions discussed include acute and chronic apical periodontitis, periapical granuloma, periapical cyst, condensing osteitis, and Ludwig's angina. Differential diagnoses and clinical signs and symptoms are also covered.
Typhus: the Rickettsial Disease
Typhus is caused by Rickettsia bacteria, which are intracellular parasites transmitted through arthropod bites like lice and ticks. Rickettsia infect endothelial cells and cause vasculitis. Symptoms include fever, headache, rash and can lead to organ damage. Diagnosis involves identifying the bacteria through PCR on skin biopsies or blood or detecting antibodies. Treatment is with doxycycline or chloramphenicol antibiotics. Prevention involves vector control and vaccines, though available vaccines are not very effective.
PS SESSION : EXAMINATION OF HIP
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and examination of the hip joint. It begins with a detailed review of hip anatomy including bones, ligaments, muscles and nerves. It then discusses common hip conditions and outlines the components of a history and physical exam for the hip. The physical exam section describes how to inspect, palpate and perform range of motion and special tests on the hip including Bryant's triangle, Shoemaker's line, and tests for instability like FABER. Differential diagnoses for hip and thigh pain are also listed.
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Orthopedic bone and joint infection cd
- 1. Case Discussion Bone and Joint Infection Rotate 503-504 Group 3 Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,Mahidol University
- 2. ผู้ป่วยชายไทย อายุ 9 ปี มาด้วยอาการเดินกระเผลก 4 เดือน ก่อนมาโรงพยาบาล • ปฏิเสธอุบัติเหตุ ไม่เคยเป็นมาก่อน • มารดาเริ่มสังเกตว่าเดินลาบาก ปวดตึง ๆ ตรงสะโพกขวา กางขาออก ได้น้อย • ตรวจร่างกาย ไม่มีไข้ Limit hip abduction and adduction จง อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการวินิจฉัยโรค วินิจฉัยแยกโรค แนวทางส่งตรวจ เพื่อวินิจฉัยโรค แนวทางการรักษา
- 3. Problem list • Antalgic gait 4 months • Right hip pain 4 months • Limit hip adduction and abduction
- 5. Approach to Hip Pain Location: Buttock pain, Groin pain, Thigh pain Buttock Pain R/O Low back pain (spine) Groin Pain • Hip pain • Referred pain: e.g. Illeopsoas bursitis, hernia Thigh Pain • Referred pain from groin or knee Other Hx: BW, Constitutional Symptoms, Sports, Trauma, Drugs, Smoking, Alcohol
- 6. Approach to Hip Pain (Non-Trauma) Extra-articular Intra-articular Buttock Groin Thigh Spine +ve Spine -ve Knee -ve Knee +ve Anvil & Rolling Test
- 7. Approach to Hip Pain (Non-Trauma) Extra-articular Intra-articular Point of tenderness Mild to moderate pain Severe pain Fever Strictly limit motion Myotendinitis Bursitis Osteitis pubis Infection OA (1๐/2๐) FAI Osteonecrosis Sequelae of Ped. Hip Disease* Bone tumor * Developmental hip dysplasia, Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
- 8. Differential Diagnosis 1. Infective arthritis of hip • Mostly bacterial hematogenous spread: S.aureus, Streptococcus spp., Gram-ve bacilli (Pseudomonas spp. E.coli, Salmonella spp.), could be TB • Pros: Pain + Limit of motion + Antalgic gait, Duration เข้าได้ • Cons: LOM not all direction, No fever
- 9. Differential Diagnosis 2. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (มีการ slip ของ epiphysis เนื่องจากมี weakness ของ growth plate) • Pros: Age group เข้าได้, Antalgic gait, Limit ROM (Internal rotation, Abduction), Duration เข้าได้ • Cons: Risk factor? (BW) 3. Osteosarcoma • Pros: เป็น Most common tumor ที่เจอได้, มี Limit of Motion ได้ • Cons: ยังไม่ทราบประวัติ Constitutional symptoms
- 10. Investigation • Film Hip AP and lateral • Blood for CBC, H/C for bact. • Synovial fluid for G/S, AFB, C/S for bact., C/S for Mycobact.