http://assignment-partner.com/ .That's a sample paper - essay / paper on the topic "Organizational development and change" created by our writers!
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To Review the Impact and Copping Strategies of Climate Change in Developing C...AI Publications
Rapid change in climate is set to alter the delicate balance that exists between man and nature. The literature to this effect points out that the poorest countries and communities are likely to suffer the most because of their geographic locations, low income and low institutional capacity, as well as their greater reliance on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture. Even if climate mitigations plans are implemented properly there will be some degree of warming due to inertia of emissions already released. As such, there is a strong consensus about the need of adaptation to changing climatic conditions. Adaptation to climate change is given increasing international attention as the confidence in climate change projections is getting higher. Developing countries have specific needs for adaptation due to high vulnerabilities, and they will in this way carry a great part of the global costs of climate change although the rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are mainly the responsibility of industrialized countries. Adaptation is believed to enhance the resilience against increasing climate variability. In this backdrop, the objective of the present paper is, therefore, to systematically and critically review the existing literature on the impacts of climate change and choice of adaptations across countries and draw insights for suggesting a comprehensive policy framework particularly for developing countries in this regard. The paper finds that the role of government and civil society is crucial for enabling efficient adaptation methods. Development policies and programs having synergy effect with climate change initiatives help adapt with the changing climate better. However, the availability of clean technology in developing countries will play the decisive role in controlling their growth rate of emission.
Ecological approaches in planning for sustainable cities A review of the lite...GJESM Publication
Rapid urbanization has brought environmentally, socially, and economically great challenges to cities
and societies. To build a sustainable city, these challenges need to be faced efficiently and successfully. This paper focuses on the environmental issues and investigates the ecological approaches for planning sustainable cities through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The review focuses on several differing aspects of sustainable city formation. The paper provides insights on the interaction between the natural environment and human activities by identifying environmental effects resulting from this interaction; provides an introduction to the concept of sustainable urban development by underlining the important role of ecological planning in achieving sustainable cities; introduces the notion of urban ecosystems by establishing principles for the management of their sustainability; describes urban
ecosystem sustainability assessment by introducing a review of current assessment methods, and; offers an outline of indexing urban environmental sustainability. The paper concludes with a summary of the findings.
Climate Change & Its Implications to Livelihoods and Economic Development in...Dr. Joshua Zake
This paper was presented at the Climate Change workshop for Trocaire Partners in Lira Hotel, Lira, May 2008. The purpose of this briefing paper is to raise awareness about climate change, its social and economic development impacts in Uganda and hence the need for urgent actions by key stakeholders (including Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers, Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions, Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others) towards adaptation and mitigation of the impacts of climate change at various levels. The paper defines key terms and concepts in the context of climate change; discuses and analyses the implications of climate change to livelihoods and economic development in light of current relevant policies and programs at International and National levels. Local and International examples are used to justify the implications of climate change. It also gives possible appropriate strategies at policy and practice level for consideration in addressing the impacts of climate change in Uganda.
Report of IPBES/ IPCC working group- reviewing overlap and actions needed, in order to both combat Climate Change and restore and protect Biodiversity.
June 2012 work
To Review the Impact and Copping Strategies of Climate Change in Developing C...AI Publications
Rapid change in climate is set to alter the delicate balance that exists between man and nature. The literature to this effect points out that the poorest countries and communities are likely to suffer the most because of their geographic locations, low income and low institutional capacity, as well as their greater reliance on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture. Even if climate mitigations plans are implemented properly there will be some degree of warming due to inertia of emissions already released. As such, there is a strong consensus about the need of adaptation to changing climatic conditions. Adaptation to climate change is given increasing international attention as the confidence in climate change projections is getting higher. Developing countries have specific needs for adaptation due to high vulnerabilities, and they will in this way carry a great part of the global costs of climate change although the rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are mainly the responsibility of industrialized countries. Adaptation is believed to enhance the resilience against increasing climate variability. In this backdrop, the objective of the present paper is, therefore, to systematically and critically review the existing literature on the impacts of climate change and choice of adaptations across countries and draw insights for suggesting a comprehensive policy framework particularly for developing countries in this regard. The paper finds that the role of government and civil society is crucial for enabling efficient adaptation methods. Development policies and programs having synergy effect with climate change initiatives help adapt with the changing climate better. However, the availability of clean technology in developing countries will play the decisive role in controlling their growth rate of emission.
Ecological approaches in planning for sustainable cities A review of the lite...GJESM Publication
Rapid urbanization has brought environmentally, socially, and economically great challenges to cities
and societies. To build a sustainable city, these challenges need to be faced efficiently and successfully. This paper focuses on the environmental issues and investigates the ecological approaches for planning sustainable cities through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The review focuses on several differing aspects of sustainable city formation. The paper provides insights on the interaction between the natural environment and human activities by identifying environmental effects resulting from this interaction; provides an introduction to the concept of sustainable urban development by underlining the important role of ecological planning in achieving sustainable cities; introduces the notion of urban ecosystems by establishing principles for the management of their sustainability; describes urban
ecosystem sustainability assessment by introducing a review of current assessment methods, and; offers an outline of indexing urban environmental sustainability. The paper concludes with a summary of the findings.
Climate Change & Its Implications to Livelihoods and Economic Development in...Dr. Joshua Zake
This paper was presented at the Climate Change workshop for Trocaire Partners in Lira Hotel, Lira, May 2008. The purpose of this briefing paper is to raise awareness about climate change, its social and economic development impacts in Uganda and hence the need for urgent actions by key stakeholders (including Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers, Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions, Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others) towards adaptation and mitigation of the impacts of climate change at various levels. The paper defines key terms and concepts in the context of climate change; discuses and analyses the implications of climate change to livelihoods and economic development in light of current relevant policies and programs at International and National levels. Local and International examples are used to justify the implications of climate change. It also gives possible appropriate strategies at policy and practice level for consideration in addressing the impacts of climate change in Uganda.
Report of IPBES/ IPCC working group- reviewing overlap and actions needed, in order to both combat Climate Change and restore and protect Biodiversity.
June 2012 work
Climate change already is having significant impacts on the nation’s species and ecosystems, and these effects are projected to increase considerably over time. As a result, climate change is now a primary lens through which conservation and natural resource management must be viewed. How should we prepare for and respond to the impacts of climate change on wildlife and their habitats? What should we be doing differently in light of these climatic shifts, and what actions continue to make sense? Climate-Smart Conservation: Putting Adaptation Principles into Practice offers guidance for designing and carrying out conservation in the face of a rapidly changing climate.
Addressing the growing threats brought about or accentuated by rapid climate change requires a fundamental shift in the practice of natural resource management and conservation. Traditionally, conservationists have focused their efforts on protecting and managing systems to maintain their current state, or to restore degraded systems back to a historical state regarded as more desirable. Conservation planners and practitioners will need to adopt forward-looking goals and implement strategies specifically designed to prepare for and adjust to current and future climatic changes, and the associated impacts on natural systems and human communities—an emerging discipline known as climate change adaptation.
The field of climate change adaptation is still in its infancy. Although there is increasing attention focused on the subject, much of the guidance developed to date has been general in nature, concentrating on high-level principles rather than specific actions. It is against this backdrop that this guide was prepared as a means for helping put adaptation principles into practice, and for moving adaptation from planning to action.
MAKING CONSERVATION CLIMATE SMART
The fate of our wildlife and wild places depends on steps we take now to prepare for and cope with the growing impacts of a changing climate. While managers traditionally have looked to the past for inspiration, increasingly we will be faced with future conditions that may have no historical analogs.
Although climate adaptation will have costs, the cost of inaction—through continuing with business as usual—is likely to be far higher. Furthermore, the sooner we begin the task of planning for a climate-altered future and taking meaningful adaptation action, the more successful these efforts ultimately will be. It is imperative that natural resource managers begin to act now to prepare for and manage these changes, in order to provide the best chance for cherished conservation values to endure. Putting climate-smart conservation into practice can make a difference for sustaining our nation’s diverse species and ecosystems well into the future. Indeed, protecting our rich conservation legacy depends on our rising to this challenge.
Climate change in Uganda: Insights for long-term adaptation and building comm...Dr. Joshua Zake
This briefing paper highlights key challenges and issues for
consideration in policy development and planning processes at
community, local, national and regional levels towards creating
awareness and building resilience to climate change impacts in
Uganda. It’s an output from a review of various documents and
literature on climate change impacts and responses in Uganda
and else where. Furthermore, it’s informed by Environmental
Alert’s experiences and lessons generated through facilitating
initiatives to support climate change adaptation at community
and local levels particularly in the West Nile region (in the districts
of Adjumani, Moyo and Yumbe) and Lukwanga Parish in Wakiso
district, Central region of Uganda; and also targeted engagement
with key policy and decision makers at all levels including local,
national, regional and international on issues of climate change. It
is targeting key stakeholders at all levels (including local leaders,
Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers,
Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions,
Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others;
to mainstream, prioritize and support climate change adaptation
actions at all levels of planning and development.
Basis for an effective climate change adaptation: Case small Mexican agricultureIJERA Editor
Mexico is considered one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate change effects. Its geographical location and climatic, orographic and hydrological conditions contribute considerably to this situation. The objective of this paper is to propose a guide for stakeholders in the selection and efficient design of adaptation measures to face climate change, taking into account constraints on resources availability (financial, technological, human, and others), which force the search of criteria to capitalize actions. The paper consists of four sections: Initially, conceptual and legal framework is present, regarding the issue of climate change, its impact on sectors in Mexico, the identification of the necessity and adaptation capacity and the importance of the interrelation between water, energy and food production. Next, principles for effective adaptation are studied. In the third section, it is discussed through a case study, the efficiency of adaptation policies in small agriculture in Mexico. Final section presents some recommendations and conclusions. It is concluded that adaptation projects proposals should be concrete and clearly address the problem, considering a feasibility analysis. Also, that climate change threatens the stability and productivity of the agricultural sector, which forces society to protect it by progressing to climate-smart production systems in order to strengthen food security.
IPCC, role of IPCC, IPCC AR5, key messages. approach in climate change mitigation, trends of green house gases, mitigation pathways and measures, mitigation policies and institutions,
Benefits of landscape restoration, with a focus on African dryland biomesNAP Events
Presented by: Olivier Maes
SESSION II: PLENARY – APPROACHES TO ADAPTATION IN SELECTED SECTORS
The session will set the context for approaches to adaptation by looking at: latest approaches on assessing impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security; applying disaster risk reduction as a pillar of national adaptation strategy in the Philippines; and The Hydrologic Corridor in Africa - an affordable and scalable approach to restore the water cycle and impact local climate through large scale landscape restoration, including rainwater harvesting, reforestation, soil regeneration and sustainable climate adapted agriculture.
Climate change already is having significant impacts on the nation’s species and ecosystems, and these effects are projected to increase considerably over time. As a result, climate change is now a primary lens through which conservation and natural resource management must be viewed. How should we prepare for and respond to the impacts of climate change on wildlife and their habitats? What should we be doing differently in light of these climatic shifts, and what actions continue to make sense? Climate-Smart Conservation: Putting Adaptation Principles into Practice offers guidance for designing and carrying out conservation in the face of a rapidly changing climate.
Addressing the growing threats brought about or accentuated by rapid climate change requires a fundamental shift in the practice of natural resource management and conservation. Traditionally, conservationists have focused their efforts on protecting and managing systems to maintain their current state, or to restore degraded systems back to a historical state regarded as more desirable. Conservation planners and practitioners will need to adopt forward-looking goals and implement strategies specifically designed to prepare for and adjust to current and future climatic changes, and the associated impacts on natural systems and human communities—an emerging discipline known as climate change adaptation.
The field of climate change adaptation is still in its infancy. Although there is increasing attention focused on the subject, much of the guidance developed to date has been general in nature, concentrating on high-level principles rather than specific actions. It is against this backdrop that this guide was prepared as a means for helping put adaptation principles into practice, and for moving adaptation from planning to action.
MAKING CONSERVATION CLIMATE SMART
The fate of our wildlife and wild places depends on steps we take now to prepare for and cope with the growing impacts of a changing climate. While managers traditionally have looked to the past for inspiration, increasingly we will be faced with future conditions that may have no historical analogs.
Although climate adaptation will have costs, the cost of inaction—through continuing with business as usual—is likely to be far higher. Furthermore, the sooner we begin the task of planning for a climate-altered future and taking meaningful adaptation action, the more successful these efforts ultimately will be. It is imperative that natural resource managers begin to act now to prepare for and manage these changes, in order to provide the best chance for cherished conservation values to endure. Putting climate-smart conservation into practice can make a difference for sustaining our nation’s diverse species and ecosystems well into the future. Indeed, protecting our rich conservation legacy depends on our rising to this challenge.
Climate change in Uganda: Insights for long-term adaptation and building comm...Dr. Joshua Zake
This briefing paper highlights key challenges and issues for
consideration in policy development and planning processes at
community, local, national and regional levels towards creating
awareness and building resilience to climate change impacts in
Uganda. It’s an output from a review of various documents and
literature on climate change impacts and responses in Uganda
and else where. Furthermore, it’s informed by Environmental
Alert’s experiences and lessons generated through facilitating
initiatives to support climate change adaptation at community
and local levels particularly in the West Nile region (in the districts
of Adjumani, Moyo and Yumbe) and Lukwanga Parish in Wakiso
district, Central region of Uganda; and also targeted engagement
with key policy and decision makers at all levels including local,
national, regional and international on issues of climate change. It
is targeting key stakeholders at all levels (including local leaders,
Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers,
Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions,
Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others;
to mainstream, prioritize and support climate change adaptation
actions at all levels of planning and development.
Basis for an effective climate change adaptation: Case small Mexican agricultureIJERA Editor
Mexico is considered one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate change effects. Its geographical location and climatic, orographic and hydrological conditions contribute considerably to this situation. The objective of this paper is to propose a guide for stakeholders in the selection and efficient design of adaptation measures to face climate change, taking into account constraints on resources availability (financial, technological, human, and others), which force the search of criteria to capitalize actions. The paper consists of four sections: Initially, conceptual and legal framework is present, regarding the issue of climate change, its impact on sectors in Mexico, the identification of the necessity and adaptation capacity and the importance of the interrelation between water, energy and food production. Next, principles for effective adaptation are studied. In the third section, it is discussed through a case study, the efficiency of adaptation policies in small agriculture in Mexico. Final section presents some recommendations and conclusions. It is concluded that adaptation projects proposals should be concrete and clearly address the problem, considering a feasibility analysis. Also, that climate change threatens the stability and productivity of the agricultural sector, which forces society to protect it by progressing to climate-smart production systems in order to strengthen food security.
IPCC, role of IPCC, IPCC AR5, key messages. approach in climate change mitigation, trends of green house gases, mitigation pathways and measures, mitigation policies and institutions,
Benefits of landscape restoration, with a focus on African dryland biomesNAP Events
Presented by: Olivier Maes
SESSION II: PLENARY – APPROACHES TO ADAPTATION IN SELECTED SECTORS
The session will set the context for approaches to adaptation by looking at: latest approaches on assessing impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security; applying disaster risk reduction as a pillar of national adaptation strategy in the Philippines; and The Hydrologic Corridor in Africa - an affordable and scalable approach to restore the water cycle and impact local climate through large scale landscape restoration, including rainwater harvesting, reforestation, soil regeneration and sustainable climate adapted agriculture.
Running head POPULATION GROWTH1POPULATION GROWTH2.docxglendar3
Running head: POPULATION GROWTH1
POPULATION GROWTH2
Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth
Name
Institution
Date
Analysis of the Effects of Population GrowthIntroduction
The global population growth rate has been increasing at a significant rate. Currently, it is estimated that the world has an annual 1.07% or an estimated 82 million people increase in population every year (Worldometers, 2019). These numbers are significantly high and they have caused several impacts to the environment today. The UN has requested a research on the impacts of the increasing global population on increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and how they affect developing nations. This paper focuses on Nigeria, a developing country in West Africa, whose greenhouse gas emissions have increased significantly because of its constantly increasing population (Climate Links, 2019). The research paper will include three main sections; an evaluation of the background of greenhouse gas emissions, how emissions cause problems for the developing world, and the causes and recommended solutions for greenhouse gas emissions. The paper focuses on increasing human activity and economic activities as leading cause of greenhouse gas emissions in Nigeria. Encouraging the use of renewable energy, using energy-efficient products, and planting trees have been recommended as the best solution for the greenhouse gas issue affecting the world today. Background
Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gases that emit and absorb radiant energy in the thermal infrared range. GHG have the ability to raise the temperature in the earth’s atmosphere through the greenhouse effect (Emanuel, 2018). The greenhouse effect is a process through which the GHG absorb radiation from the sun, thus, raising the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere to a level that is much higher than what would have been without the availability of these gases. It is estimated that the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere would be -18 °C as opposed to the current 15 °C (Blasing, 2016). The earth’s atmosphere has several GHGs including methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor.
The natural greenhouse effect has been mainly beneficial on earth by making it warmer for the survival of living things. However, an increasing emission of GHG to the atmosphere is causing an increasing level of temperatures beyond natural levels causing a phenomenon that is commonly known as global warming (Schlesinger, 2017). Human activity has caused a significant increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Methane and Nitrous Oxide levels have also increased significantly over the years. Scientists estimate that an unprecedented increase in the levels of these gases is causing negative effects on the earth’s climate(Emanuel, 2018). There has been an observed global warming, characterized by abnormal increments in the average atmospheric temperature, since mid-20th century.
The increasing greenhouse effect has.
Running head POPULATION GROWTH1POPULATION GROWTH2.docxtodd581
Running head: POPULATION GROWTH1
POPULATION GROWTH2
Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth
Name
Institution
Date
Analysis of the Effects of Population GrowthIntroduction
The global population growth rate has been increasing at a significant rate. Currently, it is estimated that the world has an annual 1.07% or an estimated 82 million people increase in population every year (Worldometers, 2019). These numbers are significantly high and they have caused several impacts to the environment today. The UN has requested a research on the impacts of the increasing global population on increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and how they affect developing nations. This paper focuses on Nigeria, a developing country in West Africa, whose greenhouse gas emissions have increased significantly because of its constantly increasing population (Climate Links, 2019). The research paper will include three main sections; an evaluation of the background of greenhouse gas emissions, how emissions cause problems for the developing world, and the causes and recommended solutions for greenhouse gas emissions. The paper focuses on increasing human activity and economic activities as leading cause of greenhouse gas emissions in Nigeria. Encouraging the use of renewable energy, using energy-efficient products, and planting trees have been recommended as the best solution for the greenhouse gas issue affecting the world today. Background
Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gases that emit and absorb radiant energy in the thermal infrared range. GHG have the ability to raise the temperature in the earth’s atmosphere through the greenhouse effect (Emanuel, 2018). The greenhouse effect is a process through which the GHG absorb radiation from the sun, thus, raising the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere to a level that is much higher than what would have been without the availability of these gases. It is estimated that the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere would be -18 °C as opposed to the current 15 °C (Blasing, 2016). The earth’s atmosphere has several GHGs including methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor.
The natural greenhouse effect has been mainly beneficial on earth by making it warmer for the survival of living things. However, an increasing emission of GHG to the atmosphere is causing an increasing level of temperatures beyond natural levels causing a phenomenon that is commonly known as global warming (Schlesinger, 2017). Human activity has caused a significant increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Methane and Nitrous Oxide levels have also increased significantly over the years. Scientists estimate that an unprecedented increase in the levels of these gases is causing negative effects on the earth’s climate(Emanuel, 2018). There has been an observed global warming, characterized by abnormal increments in the average atmospheric temperature, since mid-20th century.
The increasing greenhouse effect has.
Contributions of the Environmental Non Governmental Organisations and interna...IJEAB
This study aims at finding out how Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) perceive this issue and what roles they play in the fight against this phenomenon and in its formation in order to contribute to this domain and analyse contributions of Non Governmental Organisations to the international law on climate change. Results show that consequences of climate changeare visible and real. Thus, NGOs such as Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, World Wild Funds (WWF), World Watch Institute (WWI) and Sierra Club emerged in the mode of the international law, bringing an effective participation in international negotiations by cooperating with States and by sensitizing citizens and political decision-makers. For this purpose, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 as well as several other multilateral treaties during different Conventions of Parties (COP). However, this struggle is opposed by industrialists and other States that protect their short-term interests and support the idea that climate change mightnot exist or climatic change is not due to men, but rather to natural phenomena. That is why NGOs have to actively play their role of pressure to call out to decision makers and populations on consequences of the climate change so that we can attenuate this phenomenon because the more we are doing nothing today, the more difficult it will be to avoid the consequences tomorrow.
POWER OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS IN GLOBALIZED WORLDPrashant Mehta
This note gives a outline on possible imact of global climae change and failure of globalized world to come to consensus at recent climate change summit at Copenhagen in 2009
Running Head MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 1MAJO.docxwlynn1
Running Head: MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 1
MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 10
Major Concerns of Climate Change in China
Student’s Name:
Course Title:
Course Number:
Professor’s Name:
Date:
Major Concerns of Climate Change in China
Introduction
China is one of the critical countries in the world, which are considered to significantly contribute to the issue of climate change. Research indicates that China produces over 6.000 megatons of carbon dioxide every year. The increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is associated with increase in global warming, which perpetrates the climate change. To this end, China is regarded as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases across the globe based on absolute terms, contributing to about 22 percent of the total amount of emissions (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). At the moment, the emissions of the greenhouse gases by China have exceeded the global per capita average, following the growth in the emissions by over 200 percent from 1990 to 2008. The concern of increased greenhouse gases emissions in China is largely associated with the countries appetite for economic growth. The historical growth of the Chinese economy has been tremendously effected through the use of fossil fuels as a major source of energy in industries. Despite the increased desire from the global community to mitigate the impacts of climate change, there is fear that the emission of greenhouse gases in the country may rise by between 55 and 75 by 2025 (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). Therefore, it is important to discuss the different concerns presented by China regarding the issue of climate change that is tremendously perpetrated by increase in emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
Overview of the Issue of Climate Change in China
The Chinese government has established policies that are aimed at adopting effective governance of climate change, improved domestic capacity of effectively governing the energy use and emissions, as well as supporting the commitments that positively impact decline in future international emissions. China acknowledges the need to lower the emission of greenhouse gases as well as mitigating the impacts of climate change, which is a critical solution towards obtaining a healthier international environment (Lipin, 2016). As a matter of fact, numerous multinational negotiations have been advanced so as to develop a global climate regime that governs the efforts of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Being among the world’s largest polluters, China has received increase attention from the global community. The country, which has the highest population of over 1.3 billion, has been steadfastly reluctant to comply to the suggestions by international organizations such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). These organizations have been engaged in pushing for .
Experts profiling on a healthier built environment: Lowering the threat of cl...AgboolaPaul3
There are indications that climate change and its
consequences are already creating threats to the built environment in Nigeria. These
environmental threats have negative implications for healthy, well-being, and urban
sustainability. This empirical study aim to identify how climate change has influenced the
built environment in Nigeria’s South-Western region, considering the following objectives:
to explore the reasons for climate change in South-western, Nigeria, to determine the
consequences of environmental issues on inhabitant health in South-western, Nigeria; and
to critically determine the key measures of climate change mitigation and adaptation to
enhance the environmental sustainability of the Southwestern region of Nigeria.
Running Head COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT1COMMITMENT.docxsusanschei
Running Head: COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT 1
COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT 4
COMMITMENT OF USA TO PARIS AGREEMENT
Danielle Schummer
G328/EVR3410 Human Uses of the Environment
According to my thinking, the United States of America should commit itself to the Paris agreement. It will enable the country to contribute the maximum to environmental conservation. The country should make efforts in committing itself to the Paris agreement as it has brought nations from the entire world into a common cause. Thus undertaking the needed ambitions for combating the climatic change and accordingly adapting the possible effects and challenges experienced by each country and coming up with solutions to help the developing countries to withstand the problems encountered.
The agreement will, therefore, chart a new course in the global climate efforts which will help in safeguarding the welfare of the people's health (Maslin, 2007). The United States of America should, again, commit itself to the agreement as its made to strengthen the global responses to the threats brought by adverse climatic changes by developing favorable global temperature rise in the century, for the world to experience a 2 degrees Celsius decrease in the industrialized areas. According to the Paris agreement, the countries, as a whole, should develop different efforts to ensure that the nations experience a 2 degrees Celsius temperature drop. The deal is significant in that it will strengthen countries’ abilities to deal with the results brought by climatic changes as it is realized that it is changing in every century.
The United States committing itself to the deal will again enable it to oversee more developments in the country as a specific financial flow should be witnessed, new technologies developed, and an enhanced capacity building framework brought into existence which will support the actions of the nation by promoting them invulnerable and reliable nations, thus meeting their set objectives (NSTC, 2008). The Paris deal has again provided enough transparency of the efforts by each state and developed a very clear framework for the nations to fight the effects of climate change within a set period.
According to my understanding, we can experience global warming as a result of continued air pollution and increased industrialization by many countries in the world. As the days go by, many industries are constructed and a mechanism is not put in place to protect the polluted air from entering the atmosphere. On the other hand, the Paris agreement has impacted my stand on global warming as it has enabled me to realize that different countries can come together thus developing mechanisms objectively to reduce the occurrence of global warming.
As a result of global warming water resources have been affected, leading to a decline in irrigation supplies. This occurs due to the loss of the mountain snowpack hence reducing the amounts of water for the ir ...
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges that the world faces today. From everrising temperatures to natural catastrophes, climate change is not just limited to a single region or country but has become a phenomenon that has been affecting everyone in the world. It leads the issue to become one of the top complex global policy dilemmas. The impact of global warming and climate change are yet to be fully understood and observed, but the most adverse effects would be witnessed by the generations to come. Scientists working in different fields tend to accuse the gradual increase in temperature, the intensity of natural disasters and their strong impact on climate change (Field et al. 2012). It is not limited to domestic issue; for instance, if any country operationalizes an industrial process that affect the climate, it will have repercussions across the world. Therefore, climate change is undoubtedly a crucial international problem in the context of international relations and must be addressed in urgency. Although scientists and global thinkers attribute this problem to the highly industrialized countries while the lower class of the society will be most affected by its consequential impacts, the states including the developed ones hardly pay serious attention in resolving this international problem.
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Organizational Development and Change
Today, there can be no doubt that climate change is real. Its impacts and consequences
are becoming more obvious and visible. Floods, hurricanes, and draughts hit different countries
and smaller communities causing social and economic disruptions and losses. Therefore, the
whole global community should unite its efforts to adapt to and mitigate the problem, while
changing its approaches to the organization of various economic and social processes. According
to the American Meteorological Society (2003, as cited in Oreskes, 2007, p. 69), as human
activities contribute to global warming, “we have a collective responsibility to develop and
undertake carefully considered response actions.” However, this is a steep path requiring time,
stakeholder consensus, and assorted actions.
Global warming influences various aspects of social and economic life, causing changes
in agricultural productivity, coastal area damages, disruptions in health and water systems,
vulnerability growth, investment and financial markets disruptions, and migration growth. These
problems are accompanied by the risk of aggravation of such social problems (which
nevertheless, are strongly connected to economy) as hunger, lack of water, and spread of climate
sensitive diseases (Koirala and Bhatta, 2010, p. 12).
Herewith, climate change can be considered in terms of organizational change and
development, where the whole world is a big organization. Climate change management can be
viewed as development: it requires the use of new approaches, changes in various processes, and
improvement of different global and local systems functioning. Obviously, in order to implement
the necessary changes and ensure organizational development (namely, effective global warming
mitigation and adaptation), there should be effective leadership, management, and engagement of
stakeholder groups of different levels – global, national, regional (i.e. states and provinces), and
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local (including municipal) (Partington, 2007, p. 23). Naturally, just like within organizations,
strategic, tactical, and operational functions and activities should be divided among these groups
of participants. For instance, international organizations (as well as national institutions) can
determine climate change strategies (or strategic goals and objectives), while regional and local
authorities can focus on tactical and operational tasks.
However, at the global level, there is no unity regarding climate change strategy and
policy, as well as a single coordinating body. There are many international, regional, and
national organizations, involving both governmental (i.e. the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, UNEP, etc.) and non-governmental institutions (e.g. Greenpeace), but neither
of them is likely to impact the whole world and determine strategic objectives for all
stakeholders. For instance, the Kyoto Protocol set emission cut goals for developed countries
(Annex I countries), while developing countries (already major emitters) were omitted. Such a
situation decreases the effectiveness of participants’ actions and global warming response.
Also, there is no consensus regarding the strength of climate change impact, its future
dynamics, or precise consequences for the whole globe. Therefore, different countries,
communities, and organizations perceive the problem differently (recognize or resist it) and
assume different response actions (in terms of focus, size, and involvement). For example,
although virtually all climate scientists (including the American Geophysical Union or the
American Meteorological Society) claim that global temperature is rising, climate is changing,
and human activities are a significant cause, not all US citizens recognize climate change and
view it as a significant threat. According to January 2012 Rasmussen Energy Update, 64% of
Americans believe global warming to be a serious problem (though six years earlier only 56% of
them recognized this), including 30% viewing it as a very serious threat, while 33% do not
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consider it as a significant problem at all (Oreskes, 2007, pp. 66, 69; Rasmussen, 2012).
Additionally, 2011 Reuters/Ipsos poll indicates that 83% of US citizens recognize climate
change and 71% of them believe that the problem is caused by human activities (at least, to some
extent). Also, 71% of Americans claim that climate change should be of medium to very high
priority for the President and Congress. Still, such an approach was rejected at the beginning of
2008 economic recession and the majority of Americans chose economic priorities. The same
situation is around the world, as people are more concerned with current economic and social
issues, rather than strategic ones. Moreover, global warming is viewed differently by the US
major parties: 72% of Republicans and 92% of Democrats recognize the problem (Huffington
Post, 2011; McDermott, 2011). Herewith, the first believe natural causes to be the main reason
for climate change, while the second blame human activities for global warming (Science Daily,
2011).
However, though there is no definite and single global strategy regarding climate change,
countries strive to address the problem via their own national policies. So, governments should
act as managers and leaders and suggest climate change plans and programs involving various
tools and approaches to achieve the best results (Partington, 2007, p. 23).
The EU member states are believed to be the most active in managing climate change.
According to the Kyoto Protocol, the EU committed to cutting its GHG emissions by at least
20% of the 1990 levels by 2020 (though now it suggests increasing this goal to 30% in case other
major emitters agree to make and meet their commitments). In order to achieve this goal, the EU
encourages renewable energy use, develops energy efficiency mechanisms, supports carbon
capture and storage technologies, provides adaptation strategies, and adopts various policies and
measures within the European Climate Change Program (European Commission, 2010).
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Meanwhile, the US has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol. Nevertheless, now it aims at
cutting GHG emissions, improving energy use effectiveness, and increasing clean energy use
(Murphy et al., 2009, p. 22). Partially, such a step is viewed as a way to increase US economic
efficiency through the transition to a low carbon economy. In this context, it should be
mentioned that during the 2008-2009 recession, the stimulus packages of G20 countries, as well
as MDE states (major developing economies), contained environmental steps. The latter
involved energy policies, which increase countries’ energy security and independence (Murphy
et al., 2009, pp. 18-19) and thus, can benefit them economically.
On the other hand, the participation of rapidly developing countries in climate change
mitigation is of great importance. The reason is that some of them (namely, China, India, Brazil,
Mexico, South Africa, South Korea, and Indonesia) create a growing amount of GHG emissions.
By 2050, with the population of around 8 billion (of the total world population of 9.2 billion),
these countries are believed to become responsible for most of the global emissions (Murphy et
al., 2009, p. 2). Therefore, the MDE countries adopt national climate change plans or programs
and take certain steps to tackle the problem. For instance, China included environmental issues in
its 12th Five Year Plan and aims at cutting energy consumption and GHG emissions and
increasing energy efficiency, alternative energy use, and forestation (Dreyfus, 2011). Meanwhile,
Brazil expands hydroelectric power generation and implements the National Ethanol Program
(Robinson, 2010). Also, Indonesian climate change plan addresses a variety of issues, i.e. water
resources, coastal management, biodiversity and forest management, food security, health,
infrastructure, emission sources, and industry and city emission management (Suryanti, 2009).
On the whole, ignoring climate change is costly to the global economy, while dealing
with the problem can be not as expensive as it may seem and in some cases, even make money
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(Stern Review, 2006 as cited in Partington, 2007, p. 13). Still, it should be remembered, that cuts
in GHG emissions will not be able to stop global warming totally and at once. For instance, the
IPCC claims that even if all emissions stopped, the temperature would have risen by 0.6°C in the
21st century due to the slow response of the ocean system. Therefore, climate change adaptation
is of great importance (Partington, 2007, p. 20), especially for less developed countries.
For example, Nepal provides a broad environmental policy to adapt to climate changes
and mitigate their negative impacts. This policy involves the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol,
establishment of Ministry of Environment as a national authority for Clean Development
Mechanism, creation of a Climate Change Network involving Nepalese government, NGOs,
academicians, and other agencies, and establishment of Climate Change Council headed by
Prime Minister. Also, at the state level, other ministries work to manage the problem, e.g.
Ministries of Agriculture, Forests and Soil Conservation, Local Government, Housing and Urban
Planning, Health, etc., as well as Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. Additionally,
climate change activities in Nepal involve the preparation of the National Adaptation Program of
Action, implementation of sectoral environmental programs, scientist and youth involvement
(i.e. through youth conferences and university projects), and participation in international and
cross-country projects (Koirala and Bhatta, 2010, p. 17).
On the whole, sustainability should become the essence of social and economic
development and global warming strategies should be incorporated in both national and local
plans, budgets, and programs. In this context, local management of climate change issues is
crucial, as local authorities are able to influence major emission sources and local climate risks.
Herewith, they are closer to people, more flexible and adaptable, more accountable, and less
bureaucratic, which increases management efficiency and enables proper control. However, to be
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able to use the benefits of this approach, society should ensure organizational and financial
support at national and international levels (Martins and Ferreira, 2011, p. 6-8).
An effective climate change policy should be multilateral and combine activities at
governmental and customer (personal) levels. While governments establish industrial emission
regulations, customers can consume wisely and save energy and power by increasing the
effectiveness of their use. Also, governments should encourage the use of renewable energy
sources and innovative technologies increasing energy efficiency. Additionally, they can set
regulations and limits for fossil fuel retrieval, processing, and distribution, improve vehicle
standards, and encourage the use of lower-emission technologies. Herewith, consumers can drive
less, use renewable energy, and choose local food, also supporting organic agriculture and eating
less meat. Naturally, governments can encourage lower-impact farming, as well as forest
conservation, ecological use of biomass, and effective waste disposal. The latter will ensure that
customers reduce, reuse, recycle, and compost various types of waste. Also, green building
development requires proper standards and building plans from governments and more attention
from customers (in terms of lightning and heating efficacy) (Partington, 2007, p. 19).
Meanwhile, youth can get engaged into climate change policy through Adopt-an-MP
campaigns (like in Canada and Australia), where young people can “adopt” local Members of
Parliament to discuss climate change issues with them. Another option is cooperation between
youth organizations (e.g. People and Planet in the UK) and MPs. Also, the use of blogs (i.e. It’s
Getting Hot In Here) is good way to engage more participants (Partington, 2007, p. 24).
Herewith, the involvement of vast stakeholder groups (including youth) requires
inspiration, information sharing, leading and team building, team working and networking,
planning and implementing actions, and ensuring continuous impact (Partington, 2007, p. 4).
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However, very often, various participants (also acting at different levels) do not have a
common vision of the global warming problem and its management. Gardner, Dowd, Mason,
and Ashworth (2009, p. 16) state that although climate change is viewed as a serious
environmental threat, there is a lack of understanding of climate change nature, causes, and
consequences among stakeholders. Global warming involves a significant level of uncertainty
and its impacts are considered from a distant perspective, rather than local and current viewpoint
(immediate impact). On the other hand, the solution of the problem requires the use of a strategic
approach (even regarding current and local actions), rather than simply tactical responses.
Additionally, the problem is accompanied by substantial skepticism regarding the reality and
extensiveness of climate change, as well as proposed responses and their impacts. Finally, some
participants may rely on external agencies to take full responsibility for the solution of the
climate change problem, while ignoring their own contribution.
So, there is a vital need to ensure that different stakeholder groups, including policy
makers, governmental and public agencies, NGOs, businesses, local communities, customers,
etc., have a common understanding of climate change issues. Therefore, several steps should be
taken. First of all, the contextualization of the problem can help different stakeholders to become
more aware. For example, practical and locally-relevant information on global warming
increases participants’ attention and involvement. Also, knowledge gaps, skepticism, emotional
reactions, and differences between participants should be addressed and uncertainty should be
acknowledged and managed (preferably through risk management plans) (Gardner, Dowd,
Mason, and Ashworth, 2009, pp. 17, 20-21). Additionally, society’s awareness of how everyone
can add to the solution of the global warming problem and cutting GHG emissions should be
increased. This can be realized not only through media, but also through schools, workplaces,
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supermarkets (i.e. by offering recycling opportunities), etc. However, governments, as well as
other participants (businesses, NGOs, local communities, etc.), should take an active part in this
process, as they can create respective infrastructure and provide other necessary conditions.
Thus, all stakeholders should have proper knowledge and understanding of the climate
change problem and this knowledge should be common and relatively full and objective. This
fosters their motivation and engagement and helps to manage participants’ resistance. Still, many
people get information on global warming from non-scientific sources and usually, this
information presents the views of political or opinion leaders. Consequently, the understanding
of the issue can be far from objective (Science Daily, 2011). Therefore, it is very important to
ensure stakeholder access to the newest and quality information on the topic. Obviously, various
forms of electronic communication (first of all, social media and crowdsourcing) should be used
as a powerful means of vast stakeholder engagement and mass collaboration. This online
engagement makes communication simpler, cheaper, and more convenient. Thus, it can help to
raise participants’ awareness, understand climate change risks and response opportunities, share
news and practical examples, and change stakeholder behavior (Westaway, 2011).
Also, stakeholders should understand that climate change strategies can be beneficial
both in long-term and short-term perspectives. For example, companies managing climate
change are able to get a competitive advantage. Herewith, sustainability ratings help them not
only to report their progress, but also to benchmark. For instance, the Carbon Disclosure Project
(CDP) involves 3,000 organizations across the world to disclose their strategies on the
management of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and water usage (Westaway, 2011).
Resistance to global warming can be caused not only by the lack of information and
understanding, but also by such a problem as climate justice. Countries (e.g. African countries)
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and communities that are the least responsible for GHG emissions are the most vulnerable to
climate change effects (partially due to the lack of the necessary financial, technical, and other
recourses). That is why adaptation to climate change requires a strong focus on social (including
generation and justice aspects) and vulnerability risk reduction (Partington, 2007, p. 21).
Additionally, countries that have relatively low expected damages from climate change
and a relatively high cost of response actions are likely to be quite reluctant to take active part in
the mitigation of the problem. These countries can be encouraged to participate in managing
global warming issues through the use of financial transfers and international public funding,
which is aimed at emission sources and markets omitted by other market-based financing tools
and encouraging private investment. Another way to stimulate emerging economies to cut their
emissions without hindering their growth is to set national and sectoral intensity targets (e.g.
regarding emission levels per unit of output). Also, the strengthening of intellectual property
rights and removal of trade barriers and barriers to foreign direct investment are believed to be
able to stimulate stakeholder engagement (OECD, 2009, p. 7).
Meanwhile, Murphy et al. (2009, p. 17) state that developing countries can be involved in
climate change management through multilateral agreements, i.e. Asia Pacific Partnership on
Clean Development and Climate, Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum, Methane to Markets
Partnership, International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy, Climate Technology Initiative,
etc. These agreements foster knowledge sharing and activity coordination. However, their non-
binding nature decreases their effectiveness.
Additionally, emerging economies can be encouraged through international R&D
technology cooperation, SD-PAMs (sustainable development policies and measures), REDD
(reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation), NAMAs (nationally appropriate
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mitigation actions), project-level carbon credit activities, sector-based market approaches, and
no-lose or non-binding targets (Murphy et al., 2009, pp. 29-30).
From an organizational point of view, in order to engage numerous and various
participants and stakeholders, networks should be created (Martins and Ferreira, 2011, p. 9).
Additionally, transorganizational development, which is considered to be an effective and useful
tool of responding to various threats, including environmental ones, should be used. It relies on
decentralized leadership and power, which is very important in the context of global warming
management, as it is impossible and ineffective to centralize all the decisions, plans, or activities
concerning climate change. Besides, national and local efforts are vital both on their own and in
combination. That is why transnational strategies providing high global integration and local
responsiveness should be involved. Naturally, the engagement of various countries assumes the
use of cross-cultural management to ensure effective collaboration. Additionally, such a form of
organizational development as global social change organizations should be used. Being
globally-locally linked in structure, they ensure a cross-sectoral and multicultural approach.
So, the management of climate change can be viewed as organizational change and
development. Being a global, complex, and strategic problem, it requires the involvement of the
whole world (including different countries, communities, and organizations), changes in various
spheres of social and economic life (including industrial manufacturing, farming, consumption,
education, etc.), and the use of a long-term and common vision. Obviously, in order to achieve
effective cooperation, the views and actions of different participants should be assorted and
special attention should be paid to ensuring proper information sharing and stakeholder
engagement. Herewith, climate change management is likely to become a continuous process, as
the impacts of global warming will be felt for a long time.
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