The document discusses personal space and cultural differences in interactions. It provides a case study of a Dutch manager and Swedish manager who had different expectations for greetings that made them uncomfortable. Personal space is influenced by factors like culture, personality, gender, and situation. To resolve issues, managers need to be aware of cultural norms and expectations for different types of interactions. Perception plays an important role in business by allowing people to understand opportunities and trends. Personalities can impact how people respond to the same situations.

1. The structure this paper use
Brief summary about phenomena.
Introduction
Questions associated with topic
Theoretical framework.
Conclusion
References
Personalities and value/the individual’s part
Chapter 5/case study 2
Case study: personal space
The following case study of two managers work and want to deal business and they have misunderstood
behavior related to welcome expectancy at meeting, one is Dutch and the other is Sweden. The Dutch did
extra welcome using huge embraces, which surprise the Sweden, and he responded directly by his
language body dislike and expected this kind of exaggeration behave in business zone, meeting him first
time. While the Dutch surprise about the reaction, both of them avoided the situation and continue their
work meeting. Despite both of them from close culture they different in their interaction to the same
action. However researcher especially in business care about responded to situation like this, to avoid
loss customer’s so, self-awareness about how personalities and how effect our behavior are highly
importance, companies become carful when hiring people specially taking for other by company name,
and perception how see, understand other behavior highly sensitive.
Personal space
A modern concept that reflect to how much space we decide people around as share, depend on
Edward Hall he divide personal zone to five zone different in the inch space allow for every scale:
1. Intimate zone which is accessible for family and beloved one, which associated and reflect some
acceptable behavior, and he give it a widely range of inch. (0-18)
2. Close personal zone which include friends and give it a close small range because people we
share them the same interest few. (1.5-2)
3. Far personal zone include direct communication, acquaintances, connection and relatives. (4-12)
4. Social zone include colleagues, class mate and neighbors. (2-14)
5. The public zone which include all community and social space.
Determined personal space First, personalities traits ( we can here illustrate hall study mention the
gender like determined, maybe because of men have more large social space in some fact relating to
free access of the culture they belong to), so culture is anther determined .
1

2. Culture has a dominate role. Depend on HoFsted survey about culture value, he found that countries
share some value, we can classify managers and employees behavior depend on dimension of
national culture, but in daily life we will find (for exp. The situation between Dutch and Sweden
managers) that people vary in their interaction depend on other factors like personalities, which
affected by age, type of work, type of organization we work for, individuals values and perception of
how we see, understand and process situations.
Because business world involve more understand of people, culture and environment as employer or
employee, opportunities seekers, until company with branches, it appear that organizational behaviors
and topic related to it, widely became more importance, people attract or leave organizations that
match or mismatch their value, compatible and personalities what type of job match or compatibles
and skills need. (Depend on researcher study).
Questions:
1. Considering HoFsted model, Sweden and the Netherlands appear similar. What went wrong
in the proceeding situation? And from what do these differentness stem?
• What went wrong the behavior and interaction in responded to it, it seems Sweden not familiar
with this kind of intimate welcome, while the Dutch may want to be friendly or acting friendly and
think that is the appropriate way to show that. They have opposite interaction response
• Dutch personality ● Sweden personality
Extroversion perhaps Emotional stability
Job acting Practical
Less knowledgeable Business zone behaviors
2. What can the Dutch manager do resolve the disturbance in his relation with Sweden’s?
First, explain the misunderstood behavior, and do some research about this type of personalities’,
type of business interaction to deal with, and company behavior reputation, so to left good
impression essential to know what type of organization you treat with, most company hire people
to speak on them match their view of behave, especially on nation agreement.
3. How can instances of “invasion” of personal space be identified? Identified similar
instances from your life, whether during study abroad, internships, or other experiences?
I think we can be moderate at our behavior till we can determined what the personal space is for
other, using what we can see, hear (body language, facial expression and reaction response to
our behavior).
I don’t encounter this type of situation most the time, but I think kiss and embraces exaggeration
behavior to what we call business zone, meeting, public zone, and handshake more appropriate
(For our Exp.Dutch&Sweden).
2

3. Some theory reflect our understand about the importance of personal space concept especially in
business, workplace and organization.
• Personalities
Which is a set of charactriticies (biological, psychological, and physical) that organize our
interaction with the world around us. That have influenced by our values, culture, class, families,
friends and environment, impact our behavior especially in the early years, it important because it
can determined our job performance and how it work to satisfy our need, reflect co-worker and
workplace relationships.
• Values
The mode that people carry an about what is wrong and what is good or bad. (Workplace)
• Situation-strength theory.
Theory indicate the way our personalities’ translates into behavior depend of situation strength,
situation pressure us to exhibit some behavior may it seems for our environment and culture
(workplace).
• Trait activation theory
Theory predict some event, situation activate a trait more than other.
• Perception
Does perception play a role in business? Perception field of psychology, is how we organize,
understand and interpret the world around us, what we see, what we hear, what we feel, what we
organize, taste and smell. What role is played by perception in business, predicting where a
market will develop or identify major trends that impact our business, or determining how best to
take advantage of an opportunity, is an essential part of running any business.
It a principle ingredient in the management of a business and it be a powerful tool in business if
properly applied and organized and add to all package skills, which allow us to gather specialized
knowledge in one common task, that is having a good grasp on your business environment, the
existing situation, the opportunities for growth, what the competition is doing what the client
wants, perception of an opportunity come first, but should be followed with complete research,
concerning analysis and selecting information.
Brief conclusion
Finally, we can say how personalities make us adopt differentially to the same action or event.
People their personalities openness to change can be more adoptable more flexible and
conforming. So higher level of knowledge contribute us to higher level of job performance and
satisfaction as a result for all, workers, employees and companies.
Reference
• Organizational Behaviors, Stephan P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge,2015
• Internet Resources, Article, Managing in a time of great change, New York, Ducker,Peter,1998
• 2008
3

4. 4