This document provides a summary of case studies on organic weed management practices in different field crops. It begins with an introduction and overview of available management practices for organic weed control, including preventive, cultural, physical, and biological methods. It then presents the results of several case studies on organic weed management in various crops such as rice, wheat, maize, pigeon pea, pea, potato, and bell pepper. The case studies evaluated different cultural practices and their effects on weed populations over time. Finally, the document concludes that effective organic weed management requires a comprehensive approach combining preventive measures, cultural methods, and crop rotations.

1. Course : EAG. 421(0+10) Organic Production Technology
Submitted By :
Praveen A. N.
ALC 7048
4TH B. Sc. Agri.
Submitted To :
Course teacher
Dep of Agronomy
College of sericulture chintamani
Topic : case studies on organic weed management in different field
crops

2. content
Introduction
Available management practices
Case studies on Organic weed management in different field crops
conclusion

3. Introduction

4. Available Management Options
1. Preventive Approaches
 Pure and clean crop seeds
 Well-decomposed (FYM)/compost
 Clean farm machineries, bunds, irrigation channels
 Weed control in the nurseries 2.Cultural/Ecological Approaches/Methods
Crop species and variety
Rate of sowing
Crop Rotation
Trap and Catch Crops
Scheduling of Irrigation
Summer Fallowing
Residue Incorporation into Soil
Stale seed bed technique
3.Physical (Manual & Mechanical) Methods
Hand Weeding
Hand Hoeing
Flooding
Mulching
Conservation tillage
Tillage
4.Biological Control
Bioherbicide
Allelopathy

5. T1- Summer ploughing
T2- Summer ploughing followed by (fb) Greenmanuring,
T3- Summer ploughing (fb) Greenmanuring (fb )3 weeks puddling interval,
T4- Summer ploughing (fb) Greenmanuring (fb) 3 weeks puddling interval + mulching withcrop residue,
T5- Summer ploughing (fb) Greenmanuring (fb) 3 weeks puddling interval +Conoweeding twice,
T6- Summer ploughing (fb) Greenmanuring (fb) 3 weeks puddling interval + Azolla dual cropping,
T7- Summer ploughing (fb) Greenmanuring with (fb) 3 weeks puddling interval + Need based hand
weeding,
T8-Summer ploughing (fb) Greenmanuring (fb)3 weeks puddling interval + One conoweeding at 15 DAT
+Need based hand weeding at 40 DAT,
T9- Two hand weedings at 20 & 40 DAT,
T10- Weedy Check
1.RICE

6. Treatments
AT stage PI stage
2017 2018 2017 2018
T1 152 27.00 209 36.00
T2 200 17.00 332 40.00
T3 32 13.33 351 18.67
T4 164 23.67 199 58.67
T5 208 21.00 255 42.67
T6 292 31.33 279 58.67
T7 140 17.00 173 46.67
T8 244 11.00 87 25.33
T9 56 3.00 40 24.00
T10 400 29.00 661 76.00
S Em +/- 1.220 0.629 1.955 1.29
CD(5%) 3.65 1.88 5.85 3.86
CV(%) 16.23 25.39 22.56 25.80
Table 1:Weed Count (No/m2)as influenced by different organic
weed management treatments in paddy
Murthy et al.,2015
Ragolu,Andrapradesh
Int J. Agri Sci. 12(19): 10249-10253,

7. Total weed density (No/m2)
Treatments
40 DAS 65 DAS 90 DAS
2009-2010 2010-2011 2009-2010 2010-2011 2009-2010 2010-2011
T1 Weedy check (control) 101.33a 173.33a 124.00a 136.60a 136.00a 124.00a
T2 SWE+SNFWE+BWE at 18
L ha-1 (one spray)
65.33b 133.33b 77.33.bc 92.00b 93.33b 81.33b
T3 SWE+SNFWE+BWE at 18
L ha-1 (two sprays)
41.33d 78.67d 56.00d 60.00d 72.00c 50.67d
T4 SWE+SNFWE+BWE at 18
L ha-1 (three sprays)
64.00b 110.67b 69.33c 85.33bc 90.67b 74.67b
T5 SWE+SNFWE+BWE at 20L
ha-1 (one spray)
61.33bc 105.33bc 81.33b 90.67b 98.67b 80.00b
T6 SWE+SNFWE+BWE at 20
L ha-1 (two sprays)
56.00c 90.67cd 70.67c 72.00cd 86.67bc 65.33c
T7 SWE+SNFWE+BWE at 20
L ha-1 (three sprays)
62.67bc 109.33bc 76.00 85.33bc 93.33b 76.00b
SD (P) 0.005 7.374 19.12 9.123 17.80 17.78 8.566
Table 2: Effect of allelopathic water extracts of sorghum,
sunflower and brassica on weed density in wheat
Arif et al., 2010
Int. J. Agric. Biol., 17: 127‒134, Pakistan

8. Population density
(no./m2)
Weed control
efficiency (%)
30 DAS 60 DAS 30 DAS 60 DAS
Mechanical weeding at 20 DAS + one HW at 45 DAS 158 75 86.1 94.8
Mulching with fresh Eupatorium 10 t/ha after
earthling up at 30 DAS
225 90 74.6 78.6
Aqueous leaf extract (10%) spray of Lantana and pine 359 235 48.6 34.2
Two HW -1st before earthing up (20 DAS) and 2nd
after earthing up (45 DAS)
145 88 85.9 94.9
Aqueous leaf extract spray of Lantana and pine + one
HW after earthing up (35 DAS)
185 91 76.9 91.7
Soybean green manure incorporation in situ + one
HW (45 DAS)
156 84 79.2 94.0
Weed free check (HW at 10, 25, 40, 55 and 70 DAS) 4 2 98.4 99.8
Weedy check 493 392 ..
Table 3:Population density and weed control efficiency as influenced
by various organic weed management practices in maize
Indian J. Weed Sci., 48(2): 168–172, meghalaya, india Das et al., 2016

9. Table 4 : Effect of different weed management treatments on
density and dry weight of weeds in pigeon pea
J.Res. ANGRAU ., 42(3&4) : 48-52, Andhra Pradesh Vijaykumar et al.,2016
Treatments
Time of
application
DAS
Total weed density (No /m-2) WCE %
30 DAS 60 DAS 90 DAS Harvest 60 DAS Harvest
T1-weedy
check
- 220.7 853.3 480.7 108.66 - -
T2-HW 30 & 60 6.67 73.33 56.0 16.00 84 84
T3-IC 30 & 60 45.33 42.67 78.0 14.33 73 85
T4-HW (fb)
IC
30 & 60 20.67 30.5 15.9 6.33 70 88
S Em +/- 0.462 0.423 0.399 0.362
CD(5%) 1.38 1.27 1.19 1.09
CV(%) 9.7 5.7 7.0 12.9

10. Treatements
Weed
density
(No/m-2)
WAT†
Weed
density
(No/m-2)at first
picking
Days to 50%
pod formation
Polyethylene (white) 18.67d 18.33bc 99.33a
Polyethylene (black) 20.00cd 26.67ab 96.00ab
Newspaper 13.33e 10.33c 94.00b
Saw dust 1kg m-2 27.33b 26.67ab 93.33b
Wheat straw 1kg m-2 23.67bc 27.67ab 96.00ab
Hand weeding 9.33e 14.00c 97.33ab
Weedy check 40.33a 33.00a 95.00ab
LSD0.05 6.071 11.32 5.25
Table 5: Weed density (No/m-2) 2 wk. after treatment and at first
picking, as affected by different mulches in pea
Pak J. Weed Sci. Res.,15(1): 83-89, Pakistan Tamana Bakht et al., 2017

11. Treatments Weed density(No/m-2) Weed biomass(kg ha-1)
Sowing orientation (S)
East-west sowing (S1) 117.1a 940.32a
North-south sowing (S2) 106.2b 857.68b
Significance level s s
Plant spacing (P)
15 cm (P1) 104.0b 728.3c
25 cm (P2) 111.5ab 892.2b
35 cm (P3) 119.6a 1076.5a
LSD (0.05) 12.3 96.70
Treatments (T)
Cannabis sativa biomass as mulch (T1) 96.2c 773.0b
Plantago spp. biomass as mulch (T2) 110.5b 881.7b
Hand weeding (T3) 69.2d 555.5c
Weedy check (T4) 170.8a 1385.6a
LSD (0.05) 14.21 111.65
Table 6: Effect of sowing orientation, plant spacing and weed control treatments on weed density (No/m-2 )and
weed biomass (kg ha-1) at higher elevations in potato
J.App Eco and Envi Res.,14(5): 67-76, pakistan Hussain et al ., 2014

12. Treatements Weed
density(%)
T1-(SSB) technique with 25 per cent reduced spacing along with mulching of crop
residues @ 5 t ha
25%
T2-weeds as mulch @ 5 t ha 40%
T3-incorporation of de-oiled neem cake @ 2.5 t ha 70%
T4-deep ploughing and mulching with mango leaves @ 5 t ha 50%
T5-(MVS)technique, IC with cowpea, HW twice, one HW along with 25 per cent
aqueous eucalyptus leaf extract spray as post emergence on 30 DAS and unweeded
control.
35%
Table 7: Weed dynamics influenced by different weed
management practices in Bendhi
Madras Agri J., 104(10-12): 340-344 Madras Krishna et al., 2017

13. Treatments
Weed density(No/m-2)
Nut grass Crab grass
Plastic mulch 2 0
Control 26 2
FYM mulch 13 2
Straw mulch 9 0
Pebble mulch 1 0
Table 8: Mean value of weed density in bitter gourd under
different mulching materials in Bitter gourd
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci ., 7(7): xx-xx, Tamil Nadu Singh et al., 2018

14. Weed Control Treatment
Aug 20th 2003 October 4th 2003
--------------------% Controlz--------------------
Straw 95 a 63 a
Wood chips 92 b 77 a
Compost 95 c 92 c
Clover 54 c 8 c
Corn gluten 13 d 3 c
Control 55 d 17 c
Table 9: Efficacy of weed control treatments averaged over flat
ground and polyethylene-mulched raised bed organic
bell pepper
Rowell et al., 2004
Lexington, Kentucky

15. Time of cultivation
Southern crabgrass Smallflower morningglory
-----------%Controlz------------
VE 90 85
1-wk 62 85
2-wk 90 91
VE/1-wk 91 91
VE/2-wk 88 86
VE/1-wk/2-wk 88 91
Non-cultivated - -
Table 10: Effect of cultivation with a tine weeder on weed
control in organic peanut production
Peanut Sci., 32: 68–72. Tifton Wann et al., 2011

16. Effective weed management on organic farms requires
extensive planning and preventing measure coupled
with cultural method and crop rotations are the basis
for successful organic farming. Bio control and
understanding of allelo chemical may help the organic
farming. Monitoring weed growth stages is also
important.
conclusion

17. 1. RAMANA MURTHY K.V., UPENDRA RAO A.AND ADILAKSHMI D. Organic Weed Management in
Transplanted Rice. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN: 0975-3710 & E-ISSN: 0975-9107,
Volume 12, Issue 19, pp.- 10249-10253.
2. M. Arif1, Z.A. Cheema, A. Khaliq and A. Hassan. Organic Weed Management in Wheat through
Allelopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN
Online: 1814–9596 14–278/2015/17–1–127–134
3. Anup Das, Manoj Kumar, G.I. Ramkrushna, D.P. Patel, Jayanta Layek, Naropongla, A.S. and S.V.
Ngachan. Weed management in maize under rainfed organic farmiPanwar ng system. Indian Journal of Weed
Science 48(2): 168–172, 2016
4. Vijaykumar B., Reddy, M. Nageswara and Shivashankar, M. 1995. Integrated Weed Management in
pigeonpea-groundnut intercropping .Indian Journal of Weed Science. 27 (1&2): 12-15.
5. Tamana Bakht, Ijaz Ahmad Khan, M. Ishfaq Khan, Imtiaz Khan and A. Mateen Khattak. WEED
CONTROL IN PEA THROUGH MULCHING. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 15(1): 83-89, 2009
6. HUSSAIN, Z. KHAN, M. A. ILYAS, M. LUQMAN. KHAN, I. A. NON-CHEMICAL WEED
MANAGEMENT IN POTATO AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS. APPLIED ECOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 14(5): 67-76.
References

18. 7. Law, Derek M., "ECOLOGICAL WEED MANAGEMENT FOR ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS“
(2006). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 414.
8. Wann, D. Q., R. S. Tubbs, W. C. Johnson, III, A. R. Smith, N. B.Smith, A. K. Culbreath, and J. W. Davis.
2011. Tine cultivation effects on weed control, productivity, and economics of peanutunder organic
management. Peanut Sci. 38:101–110.
Cont….