This document discusses the proper order of adjectives before a noun in English. It provides the following general order: determiner, opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose. However, it notes the order is not always fixed. It gives examples like "a beautiful old Italian sports car" and breaks down adjective groups. It also provides rules for using commas between coordinate adjectives of the same group. Overall, the document provides guidance on structuring multiple adjectives describing a noun in English according to general categories.
The use of adjectives is essential when trying to describe a noun or pronoun. Good writers and speakers are able to use adjectives to create clear, mental images for the reader or listener.
The use of adjectives is essential when trying to describe a noun or pronoun. Good writers and speakers are able to use adjectives to create clear, mental images for the reader or listener.
1. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” ― MAHATMA GANDHI ―
2. “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
3. The term “resource” means any thing that we use from our environment to achieve our objective. For example, we require bricks, cement, iron, wood etc. to construct a building. All these items are called the resources for construction of building. A resource can be defined as „any natural or artificial substance, energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. These resources are of two types: Natural Resources Artificial Resources
4. “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” ― Gary Snyder
5. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES As the human population is continuously growing the consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural resources. This will also upset the ecological balance. Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
6. Need for Conservation of Natural Resources We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are : to maintain ecological balance for supporting life. to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity). to make the resources available for present and future generation. to ensure the survival of human race.
7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India The need for conservation of natural resources was felt by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition of respecting and preserving the nature and natural resources. Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc. In our country the conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Asoka. Sacred forests are forest patches of different dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and ancestral spirits. Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences were strictly prohibited in these forests.
8. This practice is wide spread particularly in peninsular, central and eastern India and has resulted in the protection of a large number of plants and animals. Similarly, several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquati
Natural resources (economically referred to as land or raw materials) occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity existent in various ecosystems.
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that describes something (a noun).
An adjective gives us more information about a person or thing.
Correct order of adjectives
Adjectives sometimes appear after the verb To Be (CARD – LINK TO VIDEO)
The order is To Be + Adjective.
• He is tall.
• She is happy.
Adjectives sometimes appear before a noun.
The order is Adjective + Noun.
• Slow car
• Brown hat
BUT… Sometimes you want to use more than one adjective to describe something (or someone).
What happens if a hat is both brown AND old?
Do we say… an old brown hat OR a brown old hat?
An old brown hat is correct because a certain order for adjectives is expected.
A brown old hat sounds incorrect or not natural.
So what is the correct order of adjectives before a noun?
The order of adjectives before a noun is usually the following:
Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose
If we take the first letter of each one, it creates OSASCOMP which is an easy way to remember the order.
Let’s look at an example about describing a bag.
• It is an ugly small old thin red Italian cotton sleeping bag
It is not common to have so many adjectives before a noun, but I do this so you can see the correct order of adjectives.
Ugly is an opinion, small is a size, old refers to age, thin refers to shape, red is a color, Italian refers to its origin, cotton refers to the material the bag is made of, sleeping is the purpose of the bag.
I will go into more details about each of these categories in a moment. First, let’s see two more examples:
• A beautiful long white French silk wedding dress.
• Large ancient Greek clay flower vases.
Let’s study the first one.
Here we have a dress. Dress is a noun, the name of a thing. Let’s describe this dress.
What type of dress is it? What is the purpose of this dress?
It is used for weddings so it is…
• a wedding dress.
Let’s image the dress is made of silk. It isn’t made of plastic or gold, it is made of silk.
Silk is a material so it goes before the purpose. We say it is:
• a silk wedding dress.
Now, this dress was made in France. France is a noun, its adjective is French.
Its origin is French. Its origin, French, goes before the material, Silk. So we say it is:
• a French silk wedding dress.
Let’s add the color of the dress. What color is it? White. Color goes before Origin so we say it is:
• a white French silk wedding dress.
What is the shape of this dress? Is it long or short? It is long. The adjective Long goes under the category of shape because shape also covers weight or length. (We will see more about this in a moment) We now say it is:
• a long white French silk wedding dress.
Let’s add one more adjective. Is the dress beautiful or ugly? Well, you should always say it is beautiful or it will ruin her wedding day.
Beautiful is an opinion and adjectives about opinions go before all the other adjective.
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Order of-adjectives
1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN HUMANAS Y
TECNOLOGÍAS
CARRERA DE IDIOMAS – INGLES
GRAMMAR V
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
Names:
Darío Amancha
Patricio Castillo
Elvis Guaranga
2. ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
The use of adjectives is essential when trying to describe a noun or pronoun. Good writers and
speakers are able to use adjectives to create clear, mental images for the reader or listener. As
you continue to work on your English, don’t be afraid to use multiple adjectives to describe
something. Using more than three physically descriptive type adjectives in sequence to describe
one noun or pronoun would sound a little awkward. When using multiple adjectives in a
sequence, you must be aware of the correct adjective order. The proper order of adjectives is
listed below along with some examples for each category.
Adjectives sometimes appear after the verb To Be
He is short.
She is tall.
Adjectives sometimes appear before a noun.
Red car
Old hat
IMPORTANT: The order of adjectives before a noun IS NOT FIXED.
3. Determiner Quantity
or
number
Quality
or
opinion
Size Age Shape Color Proper
adjective
Purpose
or
qualifier
Noun
A beautiful old Italian sports car
The three cute little gold plates
An amazing heart-
shaped
red
and
white
sofa
Determiner: The determiner tells us if the noun is singular or plural, definite or indefinite
a, an, the, my, your, four, those, some etc.
And then we have the adjectives that refer to…
Opinion: Explains what we think about something. This is usually our opinion, attitude or
observations. These adjectives almost always come before all other adjectives.
beautiful, boring, stupid, delicious, useful, lovely, comfortable
Size: Tells us how big or small something is.
big, small, tall, huge, tiny
Shape / Weight / Length: Tells about the shape of something or how long or short it is. It
can also refer to the weight of someone or something.
round, square, circular, skinny, fat, heavy, straight, long, short,
Condition: Tells us the general condition or state of something
broken, cold, hot, wet, hungry, rich, easy, difficult, dirty
Age: Tells us how old someone or something is.
old, young, new, ancient, antique
4. Colour: The colour or approximate colour of something.
green, white, blue, reddish, purple
Pattern: The pattern or design of something.
striped, spotted, checked, flowery
Origin: Tells us where something is from.
American, British, Italian, eastern, Australian, Chilean
Material: What is the thing made of or constructed of?
gold, wooden, silk, paper, synthetic, cotton, woolen
Purpose/Qualifier/Use: What is it for? These adjectives often end in –ing.
sleeping (bag), gardening (gloves), shopping (bag), wedding (dress)
Noun: The person or thing that is being described
Here are some examples:
1. I love that really old big green antique car that always parked at the end of the street. [quality
- age - size - color - proper adjective]
2. My sister has a big, beautiful, tan and white, bulldog. [size - quality - color - color]
3. A wonderful old Italian clock. [opinion - age - origin]
4. A big square blue box. [dimension - shape - color]
5. A disgusting pink plastic ornament. [opinion - color - material]
6. Some slim new French trousers. [dimension - age - origin]
7. A wonderful old Italian clock. [opinion - age - origin]
8. I bought a pair of black leather shoes. [color - material]
5. When there are two or more adjectives that are from the same group, the word and is placed
between the two adjectives:
1. The house is green and red.
2. The library has old and new books.
When there are three or more adjectives from the same adjective group, place a comma between
each of the coordinate adjectives:
1. We live in the big green, white and red house at the end of the street.
2. My friend lost a red, black and white watch.
A comma is not placed between an adjective and the noun.
Now choose the correct sentence:
1: Correct!
A green, ugly tie.
A green, tie ugly.
An ugly, green tie.
2: Correct!
6. An interesting, old book.
An old, interesting book.
A book, interesting old.
3: Correct!
A wooden, big, white table.
A big, white, wooden table.
A white, big, wooden table.
4: Correct!
A bent, tiny, old, blue, Swiss pen.
A tiny, bent, old, blue, Swiss pen.
An old, blue, tiny, bent, Swiss pen.
5: Correct!
My middle-aged, tall, Italian, funny, husband.
My tall, funny, middle-aged, Italian husband.
My funny, tall, middle-aged, Italian husband.
Bibliography:
http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adjectives/order-of-adjectives/
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/pt-br/english-grammar/adjectives/order-adjectives
http://www.grammar.cl/english/adjectives-word-order.htm
By Thomas Williams, teacher at EC San Diego English school Noun and Adjective Endings