Oral drug delivery is one of the most preferred routes for administering medications due to its convenience, patient compliance, and non-invasiveness. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in oral drug delivery systems to enhance drug bioavailability, control release kinetics, and overcome various physiological barriers. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of oral drug delivery systems, including their principles, components, and recent advancements. Moreover, it highlights the challenges associated with oral drug delivery and discusses potential future directions for improving therapeutic outcomes.

1. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF
ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
PRESENTER : PRABHAKAR MARUTI MADVALI
ROLL NO. PH06
DEPARTMENT : M. PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICS
GUIDE : Mrs. GANGOTRI YADAV
(Assistant Professor)
Shri. D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Navi Mumbai
1

2. HISTORY
INTRODUCTION
FACTORS AFFECTING
IDEAL PROPERTIES
MECHANISMS
PATENTED FORMULATIONS
MARKETED FORMULATION
FUTURE ASPECTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
CONTENT
2

3. HISTORY
The use of oral drug delivery systems can be traced back to ancient times, when plant extracts and other
natural substances were ingested to treat various ailments.
The modern era of oral drug delivery systems began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the
development of tablets and capsules, In 1884.
Compressed tablets were introduced as a convenient and standardized way to deliver medicine. This was
followed by the invention of gelatin capsules in 1833, which allowed for the administration of powders and
liquids in a more palatable and convenient form.
In the mid-20th century, sustained-release and enteric-coated formulations were developed to provide
prolonged or targeted drug delivery, respectively.
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4. INTRODUCTION
Oral medication is the most common form of drug administration because of advantages such as convenience
of drug administration via the oral route, patient preference, cost-effectiveness.
Ease of large-scale manufacturing of oral dosage forms. Around 60% of established small-molecule drug
products available commercially are administered via the oral route.
Current estimates indicate that oral formulations represent about 90% of the global market share of all
pharmaceutical formulations intended for human use.
Around 84% of the best-selling pharmaceutical products are orally administered and are currently valued at
$35 billion, with an annual growth rate of 10%
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5. 5
oral
Digestive Tract
Solid
Tablet, Capsule, Lozenges,
Chewable Tablet, Powder,
Granules
Liquid
Solution, Suspension,
Emulsion
Buccal, Sublingual
Solid
Oral Disintegrating
Tablet(ODT), Oral Thin
Film(OTF), Sublingual Drug
Liquid
Mouth Wash, Throat Paints,
Gargles, Oral Spray
Respiratory Tract
Solid Dry Powder Inhaler(DPI)
Liquid
Anesthetic Vaporizer,
Nebulizer, Metered-dose
inhaler(MDI)
Gases
Oxygen Mask, Oxygen
Concentrator, Anesthetic
Machine
Oral Drug Delivery System

6. ADVANTAGES OF
ORAL DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM
Duration of
action may
extend into
post treatment
period.
Requires only
minimal
training.
Oral route less
objectionable
than
parenteral.
Drug reactions
are generally
less severe.
Drugs readily
available by
prescription.
Simple and
convenient to
use.
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ADVANTAGES OF ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

7. DISADVENTAGES
OF ORAL DRUG
DELIVERY
SYSTEM
Patient
noncompliance.
Slow Absorption
delayed onset of
action Not
suitable for
emergencies
May cause
Nausea and
Vomiting
Not useful in
extremely
apprehensive
patients.
Level of sedation
cannot be
altered.
Erratic
absorption
makes response
unpredictable.
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DISADVENTAGES OF ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

8. FACTORS AFFECTING ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
8
FACTORS
AFFECTING
ORAL DRUG
DELIVERY
SYSTEM
Physicoche
mical
properties
of the drug
pH and
digestive
enzymes
Drug-
drug
interactio
ns
Food and
beverage
intake
Dosage
form
Genetic
factors
Patient
complian
ce
Disease
state

9. IDEAL PROPERTIES OF ORAL DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
9
IDEAL
PROPERTIES
OF ORAL
DRUG
DELIVERY
SYSTEM
Stability
Bioavailability
Permeability
Solubility
Targeting
Controlled
release
Non-toxicity
Ease of
administration
Cost-
effectiveness

10. The mechanism of oral drug delivery system involves several steps, Including disintegration of
the dosage form, dissolution of the drug in the gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, absorption across the
Gl membrane, and metabolism and elimination of the drug by the body.
Mechanism of oral drugs delivery system
10
Mechanism
of oral drugs
delivery
system
Disintegration
Dissolution
Absorption
Metabolism
and
elimination

11. Patented formulation of oral drugs delivery system
11
SR.NO Patent No. Contents
1 EP2001450 (2008) Orally disintegrating tablets dissolve very
fast, have optimal mechanical strength and
disintegrate within 60 sec
2 WO2006123364 (2006) Oral drug delivery system is in the form of a
coated tablet which includes after a
predetermined delay the coating is reliably
removed fully or partially from one or more
of the tablet surfaces and controlled drug
release
3 WO2007001448 (2007) Coated controlled release polymer particles
encapsulate the active agent and a
mucoadhesive coating disposed about the
core
4 WO2008075448 (2008) A chitosan coating solution is so safe that it
is capable of oral administration in the fields
of foods and medicine
5 US2008293787 (2008) Solid dispersions of poorly soluble
compounds formed by co-precipitation
resulted in improved stability

12. There are many marketed formulations of oral drug delivery systems available for various
therapeutic indications. Here are a few examples:
1. Extended-release tablets and capsules: Examples include OxyContin (oxycodone), Ritalin
LA(methylphenidate), and Glucophage XR (metformin).
2. Oral disintegrating tablets: Examples include Zofran ODT(ondansetron) and Claritin
Reditabs (loratadine).
3. Liquids and suspensions: Examples include Amoxicillin Oral Suspension and Dimetapp
Elixir.
4. Chewable tablets: Examples include Tums (calcium carbonate)and Children's Tylenol
Chewable(acetaminophen).
5. Orally disintegrating films: Examples include Suboxone Film(buprenorphine and naloxone)
and Zuplenz (ondansetron)
Marketed formulations of oral drug delivery systems
12

13. Solid dosage forms
• Capsules:Are a solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed within a hard or soft gelatin shell
• Example : Feroglobin capsules (iron supplements)
• Lozenges: Are hard, oval, solid dosage forms with a drug contained in a flavored
sugar base. They are dissolved in the mouth and generally have local therapeutic
effects.
• Example: Sore Throat lozenges
• Powders: Are finely ground mixtures of dry drugs and inactive ingredients that can be used
topically or internally
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14. Granules:
are larger than powders and are wetted, allowed to dry, and ground into coarse,
irregularly shaped pieces.
E-Z-GAS 11
Liquid dosage forms contain one or more active ingredients in a
liquid vehicle such as:
• Solution
• Suspension
• Emulsion
The drug may be dissolved in the vehicle or suspended as very fine particles. They
are often less stable than medications in solid dosage forms
Liquid dosage forms
14

15. • Solution:
is homogenous mixture of one or more dissolve medications in a liquid vehicle
• Example: Paracetamol syrup (fevadol)
• Suspension:
is a mixture of undissolved, very fine, solid particles distributed through a liquid.
Example: Amoxicillin suspension.
• Emulsion: Is a type of semi-solid dosage form. It is a mixture of two substances
that are unbendable.
• oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion contains a small amount of oil dispersed in water.
• water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion contains a small amount of water dispersed in oil
Example: castor oil emulsion as laxative
15

16. Sublingual (under the tongue) and Buccal (between the check and gum) routes of
administration are used when a rapid onset of action is needed. The medication is
absorbed directly by the blood vessels under the tongue or in the lining of the
mouth which provide fast action and Bypasses first-pass effect.
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Sublingual/ Buccal Drug Delivery System

17. • Example of sublingual tablet: Nitroglycerine (Anti-AnginaI)
• Example of Buccal tablet : fentanyl buccal tablets (Narcotic)
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18. 1. Nanotechnology: The use of nanoparticles to deliver drugs orally could enhance drug
bioavailability and efficacy. Nanoparticles can protect drugs from degradation in the
gastrointestinal tract and improve their absorption.
2. Smart drug delivery systems: Smart drug delivery systems are designed to respond to
specific stimuli, such as changes in pH or temperature, to release drugs at the desired
location. These systems could improve drug targeting and reduce side effects.
3. 3D printing: 3D printing technology could revolutionize the manufacture of personalized
oral drug delivery systems. Patients could receive tailored dosages and formulations that are
specific to their individual needs.
4. Biodegradable materials: The use of biodegradable materials in oral drug delivery systems
could reduce environmental impact and improve safety.
5. Microbial-based delivery systems: Microbial-based delivery systems, such as probiotics,
could be used to deliver drugs orally. Probiotics can survive the harsh conditions of the
gastrointestinal tract and could potentially improve drug delivery to the gut microbiome.
Future aspects of oral drug Delivery system
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19. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, oral drug delivery systems are an important part of modern medicine, allowing for
safe and effective delivery of drugs to patients.
They have several advantages over other routes of administration, including convenience, ease of
use, and improved patient compliance.
Over the years, there have been several advancements in the field of oral drug delivery systems,
including the development of novel drug formulations and the use of innovative drug delivery
technologies.
These developments could lead to further improvements in drug efficacy, safety, and patient
outcomes.
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20. References :
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