This document provides reference information about Oracle Database SQL and is copyrighted by Oracle. It was last updated in September 2011 and has over 50 contributors listed. It contains information about SQL standards, tools support, data types, pseudocolumns, and other basic elements of Oracle SQL.
The document is the Oracle Coherence Developer's Guide, Release 3.7. It provides contextual information, instructions, and examples to teach developers and architects how to use Oracle Coherence and develop Coherence-based applications. Coherence allows for clustered data management, uses a single API for logical operations and XML configuration for physical settings, and supports caching, various data storage and serialization options, and extensibility.
This document provides installation and configuration instructions for Oracle Business Intelligence Applications specifically for organizations using Informatica PowerCenter. It covers prerequisites for supported databases, best practices for optimizing performance on different databases, and partitioning guidelines for large fact tables. The document contains information about new features in the current release and how to navigate the Oracle BI repository documentation.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the given document:
The document is the user's guide and reference for PL/SQL Release 8.1.5 from Oracle Corporation, covering the main features and fundamentals of PL/SQL such as blocks, variables, datatypes, collections, records, SQL support, error handling, and subprograms. It was published in February 1999 and contains contributions from several authors and a graphics artist. The document is copyrighted and its reproduction and use are restricted under license from Oracle Corporation.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the given document:
The document is the user's guide and reference for PL/SQL Release 2 (9.2) from Oracle Corporation, covering the main features and functionality of PL/SQL such as blocks, variables, cursors, control structures, modularity, and error handling. It was last updated in March 2002 and has John Russell listed as the primary author along with several contributing authors. The document is copyrighted by Oracle Corporation and contains proprietary information regarding PL/SQL that is provided under a license agreement.
This document provides an overview and instructions for setting up an Oracle Database for use as a data warehouse, including preparing the hardware environment, configuring initialization parameters, and accessing Oracle Warehouse Builder. It also covers identifying data sources by importing metadata from various sources like flat files into Oracle Warehouse Builder. The document contains information to help users build and populate their Oracle Database data warehouse.
- Oracle Data Integrator is a tool for integrating data between heterogeneous systems and applications. It has components for modeling data, designing interfaces, executing integration processes, and monitoring results.
- The core components include repositories to store metadata, a design studio to create interfaces and mappings, and run-time agents that execute integration processes.
- This guide will help users get started with Oracle Data Integrator by walking through installing the software, exploring an example ETL project, and learning how to design and run integrations.
Installing and conf guide for hp sm connectorTheEnferRimbaud
This document provides an introduction and instructions for installing, configuring, and using the Oracle Enterprise Manager connector for HP Service Manager. It describes how the connector allows automatically and manually creating tickets in Service Manager from Enterprise Manager for monitoring alerts and incidents. It also explains how to use the out-of-box ticket templates for mapping data between the two systems.
This document provides release notes for Oracle Developer Suite 10g Release 2 (10.1.2) for Solaris, Windows and Linux x86. It includes sections on certification information, known issues, and component release notes. The known issues section documents problems related to installation, configuration, documentation and other areas. The component release notes sections provide additional details on specific issues and limitations for Oracle Business Intelligence Beans, Oracle Forms, and other Developer Suite components.
The document is the Oracle Coherence Developer's Guide, Release 3.7. It provides contextual information, instructions, and examples to teach developers and architects how to use Oracle Coherence and develop Coherence-based applications. Coherence allows for clustered data management, uses a single API for logical operations and XML configuration for physical settings, and supports caching, various data storage and serialization options, and extensibility.
This document provides installation and configuration instructions for Oracle Business Intelligence Applications specifically for organizations using Informatica PowerCenter. It covers prerequisites for supported databases, best practices for optimizing performance on different databases, and partitioning guidelines for large fact tables. The document contains information about new features in the current release and how to navigate the Oracle BI repository documentation.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the given document:
The document is the user's guide and reference for PL/SQL Release 8.1.5 from Oracle Corporation, covering the main features and fundamentals of PL/SQL such as blocks, variables, datatypes, collections, records, SQL support, error handling, and subprograms. It was published in February 1999 and contains contributions from several authors and a graphics artist. The document is copyrighted and its reproduction and use are restricted under license from Oracle Corporation.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the given document:
The document is the user's guide and reference for PL/SQL Release 2 (9.2) from Oracle Corporation, covering the main features and functionality of PL/SQL such as blocks, variables, cursors, control structures, modularity, and error handling. It was last updated in March 2002 and has John Russell listed as the primary author along with several contributing authors. The document is copyrighted by Oracle Corporation and contains proprietary information regarding PL/SQL that is provided under a license agreement.
This document provides an overview and instructions for setting up an Oracle Database for use as a data warehouse, including preparing the hardware environment, configuring initialization parameters, and accessing Oracle Warehouse Builder. It also covers identifying data sources by importing metadata from various sources like flat files into Oracle Warehouse Builder. The document contains information to help users build and populate their Oracle Database data warehouse.
- Oracle Data Integrator is a tool for integrating data between heterogeneous systems and applications. It has components for modeling data, designing interfaces, executing integration processes, and monitoring results.
- The core components include repositories to store metadata, a design studio to create interfaces and mappings, and run-time agents that execute integration processes.
- This guide will help users get started with Oracle Data Integrator by walking through installing the software, exploring an example ETL project, and learning how to design and run integrations.
Installing and conf guide for hp sm connectorTheEnferRimbaud
This document provides an introduction and instructions for installing, configuring, and using the Oracle Enterprise Manager connector for HP Service Manager. It describes how the connector allows automatically and manually creating tickets in Service Manager from Enterprise Manager for monitoring alerts and incidents. It also explains how to use the out-of-box ticket templates for mapping data between the two systems.
This document provides release notes for Oracle Developer Suite 10g Release 2 (10.1.2) for Solaris, Windows and Linux x86. It includes sections on certification information, known issues, and component release notes. The known issues section documents problems related to installation, configuration, documentation and other areas. The component release notes sections provide additional details on specific issues and limitations for Oracle Business Intelligence Beans, Oracle Forms, and other Developer Suite components.
This document provides a developer's guide for using the Oracle Service Bus (OSB) integrated development environment (IDE) to create and configure proxy services, business services, message flows, transformations, transports, and other OSB resources. It describes tasks like creating projects and folders, generating services from WSDLs, designing split-join message flows, debugging message flows, and more.
This chapter shows how to use the Data Wizard to add data to an existing HTML page template. The tutorial walks through opening the HTML template file, using the Data Wizard to connect to the sample schema and select the necessary data, and saving the file as a JSP. This creates a data model that makes the sample data available for use in generating the Web report.
This document provides an overview and instructions for setting up Oracle Purchasing. It covers defining locations, buyers, approval groups, and assigning approval groups. It also discusses annotating documents, defining purchasing options, requisition templates, hazardous materials regulations, lookup codes, and more. The document is copyrighted by Oracle Corporation and is intended to help users set up and configure the Oracle Purchasing application.
Black berry java_sdk-quick_reference_guide--1203961-0730090020-001-6.0-usAngel López González
The document is a quick reference guide for BlackBerry Java SDK UI components. It provides descriptions and code samples for various UI elements including text fields, choice fields, buttons, activity indicators, pictures and lists. It also includes sections on providing feedback and the document revision history.
This document provides an overview of Sybase SQL Anywhere 12, including its applications like Sybase Central and PowerDesigner. It then describes various database concepts supported in SQL Anywhere 12 like database diagrams, functions, stored procedures, DDL, triggers, XML, and cursors. The remainder of the document outlines the role-based security features for database administrators.
This document provides an introduction to backup and recovery of Oracle databases, focusing on using Recovery Manager (RMAN) for common backup and recovery tasks. It discusses physical database structures used for recovering data like datafiles, redo logs, and control files. It also describes the database recovery process, different forms of data recovery, and how to match failures to appropriate backup and recovery techniques. Backup and recovery strategies are determined by the planned data recovery strategy.
This document describes using open source tools for cross development on ST microcontrollers from the STR710, STR730 and STR750 families. It discusses the necessary hardware, including a target board with the microcontroller, a JTAG interface to connect the board to a PC, and the software tools used, such as OpenOCD, GNU ARM Eclipse and Insight. It then provides tutorials for setting up the tools on Windows and Linux, covering installing software, configuring projects, building and debugging programs. Details are given on the configuration files and project template created by the authors to support development. Tests were also done with an STR912 board which showed promising results.
This document provides an installation guide for Oracle8i Client Release 3 (8.1.7) for Windows, describing the new features, components, system requirements, installation overview and process, configuration tasks, and how to deinstall Oracle components. It is intended for users installing or configuring Oracle8i Client on Windows NT, 2000, 95 or 98 systems and assumes familiarity with those operating systems and database concepts. The guide is organized to walk the user through introduction, preinstallation, installation, post-installation, and deinstallation steps.
Bullet Physics is a professional open source collision detection, rigid body and soft body dynamics library. The library is free for commercial use under the ZLib license.
This document provides best practices for managing and monitoring Oracle Application Server 10g Release 2 (10.1.2) using Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g and Oracle Process Manager and Notification Server (OPMN). It recommends using the deployment wizard and clusters to simplify application deployment and configuration management. It also recommends monitoring application performance and server health metrics to identify bottlenecks and availability issues.
This document is a training kit for SSIS 2005 that contains an introduction and sections on control flow items, data flow tasks, data flow transformations, maintenance plan tasks, expressions, parallel execution, and password protection. It provides examples of using SQL tasks with and without variables, reading from a text file to a database and a database to a text file, transformations like derived column, union all, and conditional split, and tasks like rebuild index, history cleanup, and for loop containers.
The document provides an overview of the Clearspan enterprise solutions guide, which is intended to advise implementers about deploying centralized voice services architectures in enterprises. It describes Clearspan as an enhanced unified communications system allowing enterprises to offer advanced communications applications over a VoIP network. Key aspects of Clearspan covered include its scalability, support for single or multi-site deployments, use of open standards, and integrated suite of communications applications.
This document is the user manual for SQL Developer version 2.2.0. It provides information on getting started with SQL Developer, including license registration and configuring database drivers. It describes the main features of the SQL Developer desktop interface, including the main menu, tool bar, window areas, and output window. It provides details on the database navigator, connection dialog, SQL editors, bookmarks, diagram editor, database info, settings, and extensions available in SQL Developer.
This document provides an overview and instructions for installing and using Oracle9i on Windows 2000 and Windows NT. It describes new features in Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2) and Release 1 (9.0.1), differences between using Oracle on Windows and UNIX, the Oracle9i architecture and services on Windows, and configuration parameters stored in the Windows registry. The document also covers topics such as multiple Oracle homes, the Optimal Flexible Architecture, accounts and passwords, and tools for developing and administering Oracle databases on Windows.
Plesk 8.0 Administrator's Guide provides information to help administrators configure and maintain their Plesk control panel. It covers topics such as logging in, customizing the interface, upgrading licenses, securing the panel, configuring server services like DNS, mail, databases and statistics, managing server resources, and serving customers by simplifying account and domain setup. The guide contains information needed to optimize use of the Plesk control panel.
The twelfth issue carries features like Happenings at IACC, Business and Corporate News,Updated Trade & Analysis, Must attend Upcoming Events, with new addition of Major trade show
White Paper: Look Before You Leap Into Google AppsOffice
Many IT organizations that have evaluated Google Apps have found that the projected versus actual costs of switching to Google Apps greatly increase their total cost of ownership (TCO). This white paper discusses three major hidden-cost areas associated with Google Apps: Deployment costs, IT Support costs, and User Training and File Fidelity costs.
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers". The book contains questions and answers on various SQL Server topics organized into chapters such as common generic questions, developer questions, tricky questions, SQL Server 2008 questions, data warehousing questions, and best practices. It is authored by Pinal Dave and Vinod Kumar and published by SQLAuthority.com and ExtremeExperts.com.
This document provides a summary of the Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide, which discusses how to optimize performance in Oracle Database. It covers topics such as performance planning, instance tuning, SQL tuning, and performance tools. The guide contains multiple parts that cover performance planning, optimizing instance performance, and automatic performance diagnostics. It describes features, tools, and methods for improving database performance.
This document provides an overview and administration information for Oracle Data Guard. It discusses Data Guard configurations, services, interfaces and protection modes. It provides instructions for creating physical and logical standby databases. It also covers redo transport services, including archiving redo logs, and log apply services for applying redo data to standby databases.
This document provides a developer's guide for using the Oracle Service Bus (OSB) integrated development environment (IDE) to create and configure proxy services, business services, message flows, transformations, transports, and other OSB resources. It describes tasks like creating projects and folders, generating services from WSDLs, designing split-join message flows, debugging message flows, and more.
This chapter shows how to use the Data Wizard to add data to an existing HTML page template. The tutorial walks through opening the HTML template file, using the Data Wizard to connect to the sample schema and select the necessary data, and saving the file as a JSP. This creates a data model that makes the sample data available for use in generating the Web report.
This document provides an overview and instructions for setting up Oracle Purchasing. It covers defining locations, buyers, approval groups, and assigning approval groups. It also discusses annotating documents, defining purchasing options, requisition templates, hazardous materials regulations, lookup codes, and more. The document is copyrighted by Oracle Corporation and is intended to help users set up and configure the Oracle Purchasing application.
Black berry java_sdk-quick_reference_guide--1203961-0730090020-001-6.0-usAngel López González
The document is a quick reference guide for BlackBerry Java SDK UI components. It provides descriptions and code samples for various UI elements including text fields, choice fields, buttons, activity indicators, pictures and lists. It also includes sections on providing feedback and the document revision history.
This document provides an overview of Sybase SQL Anywhere 12, including its applications like Sybase Central and PowerDesigner. It then describes various database concepts supported in SQL Anywhere 12 like database diagrams, functions, stored procedures, DDL, triggers, XML, and cursors. The remainder of the document outlines the role-based security features for database administrators.
This document provides an introduction to backup and recovery of Oracle databases, focusing on using Recovery Manager (RMAN) for common backup and recovery tasks. It discusses physical database structures used for recovering data like datafiles, redo logs, and control files. It also describes the database recovery process, different forms of data recovery, and how to match failures to appropriate backup and recovery techniques. Backup and recovery strategies are determined by the planned data recovery strategy.
This document describes using open source tools for cross development on ST microcontrollers from the STR710, STR730 and STR750 families. It discusses the necessary hardware, including a target board with the microcontroller, a JTAG interface to connect the board to a PC, and the software tools used, such as OpenOCD, GNU ARM Eclipse and Insight. It then provides tutorials for setting up the tools on Windows and Linux, covering installing software, configuring projects, building and debugging programs. Details are given on the configuration files and project template created by the authors to support development. Tests were also done with an STR912 board which showed promising results.
This document provides an installation guide for Oracle8i Client Release 3 (8.1.7) for Windows, describing the new features, components, system requirements, installation overview and process, configuration tasks, and how to deinstall Oracle components. It is intended for users installing or configuring Oracle8i Client on Windows NT, 2000, 95 or 98 systems and assumes familiarity with those operating systems and database concepts. The guide is organized to walk the user through introduction, preinstallation, installation, post-installation, and deinstallation steps.
Bullet Physics is a professional open source collision detection, rigid body and soft body dynamics library. The library is free for commercial use under the ZLib license.
This document provides best practices for managing and monitoring Oracle Application Server 10g Release 2 (10.1.2) using Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g and Oracle Process Manager and Notification Server (OPMN). It recommends using the deployment wizard and clusters to simplify application deployment and configuration management. It also recommends monitoring application performance and server health metrics to identify bottlenecks and availability issues.
This document is a training kit for SSIS 2005 that contains an introduction and sections on control flow items, data flow tasks, data flow transformations, maintenance plan tasks, expressions, parallel execution, and password protection. It provides examples of using SQL tasks with and without variables, reading from a text file to a database and a database to a text file, transformations like derived column, union all, and conditional split, and tasks like rebuild index, history cleanup, and for loop containers.
The document provides an overview of the Clearspan enterprise solutions guide, which is intended to advise implementers about deploying centralized voice services architectures in enterprises. It describes Clearspan as an enhanced unified communications system allowing enterprises to offer advanced communications applications over a VoIP network. Key aspects of Clearspan covered include its scalability, support for single or multi-site deployments, use of open standards, and integrated suite of communications applications.
This document is the user manual for SQL Developer version 2.2.0. It provides information on getting started with SQL Developer, including license registration and configuring database drivers. It describes the main features of the SQL Developer desktop interface, including the main menu, tool bar, window areas, and output window. It provides details on the database navigator, connection dialog, SQL editors, bookmarks, diagram editor, database info, settings, and extensions available in SQL Developer.
This document provides an overview and instructions for installing and using Oracle9i on Windows 2000 and Windows NT. It describes new features in Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2) and Release 1 (9.0.1), differences between using Oracle on Windows and UNIX, the Oracle9i architecture and services on Windows, and configuration parameters stored in the Windows registry. The document also covers topics such as multiple Oracle homes, the Optimal Flexible Architecture, accounts and passwords, and tools for developing and administering Oracle databases on Windows.
Plesk 8.0 Administrator's Guide provides information to help administrators configure and maintain their Plesk control panel. It covers topics such as logging in, customizing the interface, upgrading licenses, securing the panel, configuring server services like DNS, mail, databases and statistics, managing server resources, and serving customers by simplifying account and domain setup. The guide contains information needed to optimize use of the Plesk control panel.
The twelfth issue carries features like Happenings at IACC, Business and Corporate News,Updated Trade & Analysis, Must attend Upcoming Events, with new addition of Major trade show
White Paper: Look Before You Leap Into Google AppsOffice
Many IT organizations that have evaluated Google Apps have found that the projected versus actual costs of switching to Google Apps greatly increase their total cost of ownership (TCO). This white paper discusses three major hidden-cost areas associated with Google Apps: Deployment costs, IT Support costs, and User Training and File Fidelity costs.
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers". The book contains questions and answers on various SQL Server topics organized into chapters such as common generic questions, developer questions, tricky questions, SQL Server 2008 questions, data warehousing questions, and best practices. It is authored by Pinal Dave and Vinod Kumar and published by SQLAuthority.com and ExtremeExperts.com.
This document provides a summary of the Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide, which discusses how to optimize performance in Oracle Database. It covers topics such as performance planning, instance tuning, SQL tuning, and performance tools. The guide contains multiple parts that cover performance planning, optimizing instance performance, and automatic performance diagnostics. It describes features, tools, and methods for improving database performance.
This document provides an overview and administration information for Oracle Data Guard. It discusses Data Guard configurations, services, interfaces and protection modes. It provides instructions for creating physical and logical standby databases. It also covers redo transport services, including archiving redo logs, and log apply services for applying redo data to standby databases.
This document provides an overview and instructions for configuring and administering Oracle Data Guard. It discusses Data Guard configurations, services, protection modes and benefits. It also provides guidance on setting up different types of standby databases, prerequisites, directory structures and redo log management.
This document provides an overview and user guide for Oracle HTTP Server mod_plsql. It describes how mod_plsql processes client requests, how to configure database access descriptors and invoke PL/SQL procedures, how to pass parameters and upload/download files, and how mod_plsql handles CGI environment variables. The document also covers transaction mode, supported data types, path aliasing, and restrictions in mod_plsql. It aims to help users understand and configure mod_plsql to access Oracle databases through web servers.
This document provides an overview of the Oracle General Ledger Applications Technical Reference Manual. It discusses how the manual is organized and how to use it to understand the underlying structure and design of Oracle General Ledger. The manual contains details about the database tables, views, modules and design of Oracle General Ledger to help with tasks like custom reporting, data integration and application customization. It is intended to help technical users, consultants and other professionals who need to work with Oracle General Ledger application data.
This document is the Oracle Clinical Administrator's Guide Release 4.6. It provides instructions and guidelines for configuring and administering the Oracle Clinical application. The document covers topics such as setting up user accounts and permissions, configuring security roles and menu access, customizing discrepancy management and data entry settings, and maintaining reference codelists. It is intended to help administrators and implementers set up and manage the Oracle Clinical system.
This document provides an overview of installing Oracle Data Integrator (ODI), including its main applications like ODI Studio, repositories, and standalone agent, as well as different installation types; it outlines the installation roadmap and process flow, and summarizes ODI's topology with the components that can be installed and their purposes.
This document is the user's guide for Oracle VM release 3.0.3. It provides an overview of Oracle VM and instructions for common management tasks like setting up storage, networks, server pools, and virtual machines. It also covers converting physical hosts to virtual machines using Oracle's P2V utility and includes troubleshooting guidance.
This document provides an administrator's guide for Rational ClearCase version 2002.05.00 and later. It contains information about ClearCase network architecture, including ClearCase hosts, data storage in versioned object bases (VOBs) and views, users, the ClearCase registry, and ClearCase server processes. It also covers administering ClearCase hosts, using DHCP and non-ClearCase access on UNIX systems, and using automount with ClearCase on UNIX.
This document provides an overview and instructions for setting up punchout and transparent punchout functionality between Oracle iProcurement and Oracle Exchange. Punchout and transparent punchout allow buyers to search and place orders directly with supplier catalogs while staying within the Oracle procurement system. The document covers punchout and transparent punchout models, choosing the appropriate approach, setup considerations, required configuration steps in both Oracle Exchange and Oracle iProcurement, and data mapping. It aims to help buyers successfully implement punchout and transparent punchout.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Oracle Clusterware and Real Application Clusters (RAC). It describes the software components and architecture of Oracle Clusterware and RAC. It also provides an overview of installing and managing Oracle Clusterware and RAC environments. Key topics covered include workload management, high availability, tools for administration and monitoring, and considerations for designing RAC environments.
This document provides an overview and administration guide for Oracle Clusterware and Real Application Clusters (RAC). It describes the Oracle Clusterware and RAC software architectures, components, installation processes, and key features. The document also covers administering Oracle Clusterware components like voting disks and the Oracle Cluster Registry, storage management, database instances, services, and backup/recovery in RAC environments. Administrative tools for RAC like Enterprise Manager, SQL*Plus, and SRVCTL are also discussed.
This document contains proprietary information about Oracle Receivables Applications. It provides details about the database structure, tables, views, and modules to help with tasks like custom reporting, integrating with other systems, and upgrading to new releases. The manual is intended as a reference and shouldn't be used to modify the application directly. Any changes should be done through the approved customization methods.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the Oracle Manufacturing APIs and Open Interfaces Manual:
The manual describes the application programming interfaces (APIs) and open interfaces that allow external systems to integrate with Oracle Manufacturing. It covers topics such as bills of material, cost management, inventory, order management, master scheduling, and purchasing. The interfaces allow data to be exchanged in both directions to enable automated processes between different software applications.
This document provides an overview and copyright information for the Oracle SOA Suite Best Practices Guide, 10g Release 3 (10.1.3.3.0). It lists contributors to the guide and outlines license restrictions. The document also specifies that the programs are not warranted to be error-free and describes proper use of the programs if delivered to the United States Government. Finally, it provides trademark information for Oracle products.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of a Oracle Web Conferencing Administrator's Guide:
The guide instructs administrators on how to deploy, configure, and manage Oracle Web Conferencing. It covers topics such as installation, configuration of core components and ports, clustering, reports, and sample deployment scenarios. The document is intended to help administrators understand Oracle Web Conferencing functionality and architecture, and provide guidance on common administration tasks.
This document is the technical reference manual for Oracle HRMS Release 11i. It provides information about the underlying database structure of Oracle HRMS, including database diagrams, lists of tables and views, and detailed descriptions of each table and view. The manual is intended to help technical users integrate Oracle HRMS with other systems, write custom reports, and access Oracle HRMS data. It explains how to use the manual properly and provides examples of common tasks it can be used for, such as identifying relevant tables for an integration project or report. The manual also describes how not to use it, such as for planning modifications to Oracle HRMS or writing data directly into non-interface tables.
Load balancing has traditionally being used as the way of share the workload among a set of available resources. In a web server farm, load balancing allows the distribution of user requests among the web servers in the farm.
Content Aware Request Distribution is a load balancing technique used for switching client's requests based on the request's content information in addition to information about the load on the server nodes (backend nodes).
Content Aware Request Distribution has several advantages over current low-level layer switching techniques used in state-of-the-art commercial products [IBM00]. It can improve locality in the backend servers' main memory caches, increase secondary storage scalability by partitioning the server's database, and provide the ability to employ backend server nodes that are specialized for certain types of request (e.g. audio, video)
Intel PA100 is a network processor created for the purpose of running network applications at wire speed. It differs from general-purpose processors in that the hardware is specifically designed to handle packets efficiently. We choose the Intel PA100 processor as it provides a programming framework that is being used by current and future implementations of Intel's network processors.
No studies have been done before that design and implement multiple load balancing systems using the Intel PA100 network processor and furthermore compare the advantages that Content Based Switching System have over traditional load balancing mechanism. Our purpose is to use PA100 as a front-end device that directs incoming request to one server in a farm of back-end servers using different load balancing mechanisms.
In this thesis, we also implement and evaluate the impact that different load balancing algorithms have on the PA100 network processor architecture. Locality Aware Request Distribution (LARD) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR) are the load balancing algorithms analyzed. LARD achieves high cache hit rates and good load balancing in a cluster server according to [Pai98]. In addition, it has been confirmed by [Zhang] that focusing on locality can lead to significant improvements in cluster throughput. WRR is attractive because of its simplicity and speed.
We also implement a TCP handoff protocol proposed in [Hunt97], in order to hand-off incoming request to a backend in a manner transparent to the client, after the front end has inspected the content of the request.
This document provides a summary of the Oracle Fusion Middleware Fusion Developer's Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework 11g Release 2 (11.1.2.0.0). It is authored by Ralph Gordon and others at Oracle and covers topics related to building applications using Oracle ADF. The document includes information on Oracle ADF architecture, building applications with ADF, and the sample Fusion Order Demo application included with ADF.
This document provides an overview and reference for Oracle Workflow APIs. It describes the major components of the Oracle Workflow engine and outlines the built-in APIs for managing workflow processes and items programmatically. These APIs allow developers to integrate custom applications with workflow functionality like starting, suspending, resuming processes; setting attributes on processes and activities; and handling events and errors at runtime. The document also lists several utility functions for loading attribute values and executing workflow actions.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
3. Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... xxi
Audience..................................................................................................................................................... xxi
Documentation Accessibility ................................................................................................................... xxi
Related Documents ................................................................................................................................... xxi
Conventions .............................................................................................................................................. xxii
What's New in the SQL Language Reference? ....................................................................... xxiii
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2) New Features in the SQL Language Reference............ xxiii
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) New Features in the SQL Language Reference............ xxiii
Oracle Database 11g Release 1 New Features in the SQL Language Reference............................. xxv
1 Introduction to Oracle SQL
History of SQL ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
SQL Standards ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
How SQL Works ............................................................................................................................... 1-2
Common Language for All Relational Databases ......................................................................... 1-2
Using Enterprise Manager ..................................................................................................................... 1-3
Lexical Conventions................................................................................................................................. 1-3
Tools Support ........................................................................................................................................... 1-3
2 Pseudocolumns
Hierarchical Query Pseudocolumns .................................................................................................... 2-1
CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE Pseudocolumn .................................................................................... 2-1
CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF Pseudocolumn ....................................................................................... 2-2
LEVEL Pseudocolumn ...................................................................................................................... 2-2
Sequence Pseudocolumns ..................................................................................................................... 2-3
Where to Use Sequence Values ....................................................................................................... 2-3
How to Use Sequence Values .......................................................................................................... 2-4
Version Query Pseudocolumns ............................................................................................................ 2-5
COLUMN_VALUE Pseudocolumn ...................................................................................................... 2-6
OBJECT_ID Pseudocolumn .................................................................................................................. 2-7
iii
4. OBJECT_VALUE Pseudocolumn .......................................................................................................... 2-8
ORA_ROWSCN Pseudocolumn ........................................................................................................... 2-8
ROWID Pseudocolumn .......................................................................................................................... 2-9
ROWNUM Pseudocolumn ................................................................................................................. 2-10
XMLDATA Pseudocolumn ................................................................................................................. 2-11
3 Basic Elements of Oracle SQL
Data Types ................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
Oracle Built-in Data Types................................................................................................................ 3-6
CHAR Data Type ....................................................................................................................... 3-9
NCHAR Data Type .................................................................................................................... 3-9
NVARCHAR2 Data Type ......................................................................................................... 3-9
VARCHAR2 Data Type ......................................................................................................... 3-10
VARCHAR Data Type ........................................................................................................... 3-10
NUMBER Data Type .............................................................................................................. 3-10
FLOAT Data Type.................................................................................................................... 3-12
Floating-Point Numbers ........................................................................................................ 3-13
BINARY_FLOAT .............................................................................................................. 3-13
BINARY_DOUBLE ........................................................................................................... 3-13
Numeric Precedence ............................................................................................................... 3-14
DATE Data Type ..................................................................................................................... 3-17
Using Julian Days ............................................................................................................. 3-17
TIMESTAMP Data Type ........................................................................................................ 3-18
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data Type .................................................................... 3-18
TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE Data Type ..................................................... 3-19
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH Data Type ........................................................................ 3-19
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND Data Type ......................................................................... 3-20
Datetime/Interval Arithmetic ............................................................................................... 3-20
Support for Daylight Saving Times ...................................................................................... 3-22
Datetime and Interval Examples ........................................................................................... 3-23
RAW and LONG RAW Data Types ..................................................................................... 3-24
BFILE Data Type ..................................................................................................................... 3-26
BLOB Data Type ...................................................................................................................... 3-26
CLOB Data Type ..................................................................................................................... 3-26
NCLOB Data Type .................................................................................................................. 3-27
Rowid Data Types .......................................................................................................................... 3-27
ROWID Data Type .................................................................................................................. 3-27
UROWID Data Type ............................................................................................................... 3-28
ANSI, DB2, and SQL/DS Data Types ......................................................................................... 3-28
User-Defined Types ....................................................................................................................... 3-30
Object Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-30
REF Data Types ....................................................................................................................... 3-30
Varrays ...................................................................................................................................... 3-31
Nested Tables .......................................................................................................................... 3-31
Oracle-Supplied Types .................................................................................................................. 3-31
Any Types ....................................................................................................................................... 3-32
ANYTYPE ................................................................................................................................. 3-32
iv
5. ANYDATA................................................................................................................................ 3-32
ANYDATASET......................................................................................................................... 3-32
XML Types ...................................................................................................................................... 3-32
XMLType .................................................................................................................................. 3-32
URI Data Types ....................................................................................................................... 3-33
URIFactory Package ................................................................................................................ 3-34
Spatial Types ................................................................................................................................... 3-34
SDO_GEOMETRY ................................................................................................................... 3-34
SDO_TOPO_GEOMETRY ..................................................................................................... 3-35
SDO_GEORASTER .................................................................................................................. 3-35
Media Types .................................................................................................................................... 3-35
Expression Filter Type.................................................................................................................... 3-36
Expression ................................................................................................................................. 3-37
Data Type Comparison Rules ............................................................................................................ 3-37
Numeric Values .............................................................................................................................. 3-37
Date Values ..................................................................................................................................... 3-37
Character Values ............................................................................................................................ 3-37
Object Values .................................................................................................................................. 3-40
Varrays and Nested Tables ........................................................................................................... 3-40
Data Type Precedence .................................................................................................................... 3-40
Data Conversion ............................................................................................................................. 3-40
Implicit and Explicit Data Conversion ................................................................................ 3-40
Implicit Data Conversion ....................................................................................................... 3-40
Implicit Data Conversion Examples...................................................................................... 3-43
Explicit Data Conversion ....................................................................................................... 3-43
Security Considerations for Data Conversion ............................................................................ 3-44
Literals .................................................................................................................................................... 3-45
Text Literals ..................................................................................................................................... 3-46
Numeric Literals ............................................................................................................................. 3-47
Integer Literals ......................................................................................................................... 3-47
NUMBER and Floating-Point Literals .................................................................................. 3-48
Datetime Literals ............................................................................................................................ 3-50
Interval Literals................................................................................................................................ 3-53
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH ............................................................................................ 3-53
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND ............................................................................................. 3-54
Format Models ...................................................................................................................................... 3-56
Number Format Models ................................................................................................................ 3-57
Number Format Elements ..................................................................................................... 3-57
Datetime Format Models .............................................................................................................. 3-60
Datetime Format Elements .................................................................................................... 3-60
Uppercase Letters in Date Format Elements ............................................................... 3-61
Punctuation and Character Literals in Datetime Format Models ............................. 3-61
Datetime Format Elements and Globalization Support .................................................... 3-64
ISO Standard Date Format Elements ................................................................................... 3-65
The RR Datetime Format Element ........................................................................................ 3-65
RR Datetime Format Examples....................................................................................... 3-66
Datetime Format Element Suffixes ....................................................................................... 3-66
v
6. Format Model Modifiers ............................................................................................................... 3-66
Format Model Examples ......................................................................................................... 3-67
String-to-Date Conversion Rules ................................................................................................. 3-69
XML Format Model ....................................................................................................................... 3-70
Nulls ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-71
Nulls in SQL Functions .................................................................................................................. 3-71
Nulls with Comparison Conditions ............................................................................................ 3-71
Nulls in Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 3-72
Comments .............................................................................................................................................. 3-72
Comments Within SQL Statements ............................................................................................. 3-72
Comments on Schema and Nonschema Objects ....................................................................... 3-73
Hints ................................................................................................................................................. 3-74
Alphabetical Listing of Hints ........................................................................................................ 3-79
ALL_ROWS Hint .................................................................................................................... 3-79
APPEND Hint .......................................................................................................................... 3-80
APPEND_VALUES Hint ....................................................................................................... 3-80
CACHE Hint ............................................................................................................................ 3-81
CHANGE_DUPKEY_ERROR_INDEX Hint ....................................................................... 3-81
CLUSTER Hint ........................................................................................................................ 3-82
CURSOR_SHARING_EXACT Hint ..................................................................................... 3-82
DRIVING_SITE Hint .............................................................................................................. 3-82
DYNAMIC_SAMPLING Hint ............................................................................................... 3-82
FACT Hint ................................................................................................................................ 3-83
FIRST_ROWS Hint .................................................................................................................. 3-83
FULL Hint ................................................................................................................................ 3-84
HASH Hint .............................................................................................................................. 3-84
IGNORE_ROW_ON_DUPKEY_INDEX Hint ..................................................................... 3-84
INDEX Hint ............................................................................................................................. 3-85
INDEX_ASC Hint ................................................................................................................... 3-86
INDEX_COMBINE Hint ........................................................................................................ 3-86
INDEX_DESC Hint ................................................................................................................. 3-86
INDEX_FFS Hint ..................................................................................................................... 3-87
INDEX_JOIN Hint .................................................................................................................. 3-87
INDEX_SS Hint ....................................................................................................................... 3-87
INDEX_SS_ASC Hint ............................................................................................................. 3-88
INDEX_SS_DESC Hint ........................................................................................................... 3-88
LEADING Hint ........................................................................................................................ 3-89
MERGE Hint ............................................................................................................................ 3-89
MODEL_MIN_ANALYSIS Hint ........................................................................................... 3-90
MONITOR Hint ...................................................................................................................... 3-90
NATIVE_FULL_OUTER_JOIN Hint .................................................................................... 3-90
NOAPPEND Hint ................................................................................................................... 3-90
NOCACHE Hint ..................................................................................................................... 3-90
NO_EXPAND Hint ................................................................................................................. 3-91
NO_FACT Hint ....................................................................................................................... 3-91
NO_INDEX Hint ..................................................................................................................... 3-91
NO_INDEX_FFS Hint ............................................................................................................ 3-92
vi
7. NO_INDEX_SS Hint ............................................................................................................... 3-92
NO_MERGE Hint ................................................................................................................... 3-92
NO_MONITOR Hint .............................................................................................................. 3-93
NO_NATIVE_FULL_OUTER_JOIN Hint ............................................................................ 3-93
NO_PARALLEL Hint ............................................................................................................. 3-93
NOPARALLEL Hint................................................................................................................ 3-93
NO_PARALLEL_INDEX Hint .............................................................................................. 3-93
NOPARALLEL_INDEX Hint ................................................................................................. 3-94
NO_PUSH_PRED Hint .......................................................................................................... 3-94
NO_PUSH_SUBQ Hint .......................................................................................................... 3-94
NO_PX_JOIN_FILTER Hint .................................................................................................. 3-94
NO_QUERY_TRANSFORMATION Hint ........................................................................... 3-94
NO_RESULT_CACHE Hint .................................................................................................. 3-95
NO_REWRITE Hint ................................................................................................................ 3-95
NOREWRITE Hint................................................................................................................... 3-95
NO_STAR_TRANSFORMATION Hint ............................................................................... 3-95
NO_STATEMENT_QUEUING Hint..................................................................................... 3-95
NO_UNNEST Hint ................................................................................................................. 3-96
NO_USE_HASH Hint ............................................................................................................ 3-96
NO_USE_MERGE Hint .......................................................................................................... 3-96
NO_USE_NL Hint .................................................................................................................. 3-96
NO_XML_QUERY_REWRITE Hint ...................................................................................... 3-97
NO_XMLINDEX_REWRITE Hint ........................................................................................ 3-97
OPT_PARAM Hint ................................................................................................................. 3-97
ORDERED Hint ....................................................................................................................... 3-97
PARALLEL Hint ..................................................................................................................... 3-98
PARALLEL_INDEX Hint .................................................................................................... 3-100
PQ_DISTRIBUTE Hint ......................................................................................................... 3-100
PUSH_PRED Hint ................................................................................................................. 3-103
PUSH_SUBQ Hint ................................................................................................................. 3-103
PX_JOIN_FILTER Hint ......................................................................................................... 3-103
QB_NAME Hint .................................................................................................................... 3-103
RESULT_CACHE Hint ......................................................................................................... 3-104
RETRY_ON_ROW_CHANGE Hint ................................................................................... 3-104
REWRITE Hint ...................................................................................................................... 3-105
STAR_TRANSFORMATION Hint ..................................................................................... 3-105
STATEMENT_QUEUING Hint ........................................................................................... 3-106
UNNEST Hint ........................................................................................................................ 3-106
USE_CONCAT Hint ............................................................................................................. 3-106
USE_HASH Hint ................................................................................................................... 3-107
USE_MERGE Hint ................................................................................................................ 3-107
USE_NL Hint ......................................................................................................................... 3-107
USE_NL_WITH_INDEX Hint ............................................................................................. 3-108
Database Objects ................................................................................................................................. 3-108
Schema Objects ............................................................................................................................. 3-108
Nonschema Objects ...................................................................................................................... 3-109
Database Object Names and Qualifiers ......................................................................................... 3-109
vii
8. Database Object Naming Rules .................................................................................................. 3-110
Schema Object Naming Examples ............................................................................................. 3-113
Schema Object Naming Guidelines ........................................................................................... 3-113
Syntax for Schema Objects and Parts in SQL Statements........................................................... 3-114
How Oracle Database Resolves Schema Object References ................................................... 3-115
References to Objects in Other Schemas ................................................................................... 3-116
References to Objects in Remote Databases ............................................................................. 3-116
Creating Database Links ...................................................................................................... 3-116
Database Link Names .................................................................................................... 3-116
Username and Password ............................................................................................... 3-117
Database Connect String................................................................................................ 3-117
References to Database Links .............................................................................................. 3-117
References to Partitioned Tables and Indexes ......................................................................... 3-118
References to Object Type Attributes and Methods ................................................................ 3-120
4 Operators
About SQL Operators .............................................................................................................................. 4-1
Unary and Binary Operators ........................................................................................................... 4-2
Operator Precedence ......................................................................................................................... 4-2
Arithmetic Operators .............................................................................................................................. 4-3
Concatenation Operator .......................................................................................................................... 4-4
Hierarchical Query Operators................................................................................................................ 4-5
PRIOR ................................................................................................................................................. 4-5
CONNECT_BY_ROOT ..................................................................................................................... 4-5
Set Operators ............................................................................................................................................ 4-5
Multiset Operators .................................................................................................................................. 4-6
MULTISET EXCEPT ......................................................................................................................... 4-6
MULTISET INTERSECT .................................................................................................................. 4-7
MULTISET UNION .......................................................................................................................... 4-8
User-Defined Operators ......................................................................................................................... 4-9
5 Functions
About SQL Functions ............................................................................................................................. 5-2
Single-Row Functions ............................................................................................................................ 5-3
Numeric Functions ............................................................................................................................ 5-3
Character Functions Returning Character Values ........................................................................ 5-4
Character Functions Returning Number Values .......................................................................... 5-5
NLS Character Functions ................................................................................................................. 5-5
Datetime Functions ........................................................................................................................... 5-5
General Comparison Functions ...................................................................................................... 5-6
Conversion Functions ....................................................................................................................... 5-6
Large Object Functions ..................................................................................................................... 5-7
Collection Functions ......................................................................................................................... 5-7
Hierarchical Functions ..................................................................................................................... 5-7
Data Mining Functions ..................................................................................................................... 5-7
XML Functions .................................................................................................................................. 5-8
Encoding and Decoding Functions ................................................................................................ 5-9
viii