Since the beginning of modern civilization,we are always dependent on fossil fuels as the source of energy for our daily requirements.over the past decade due to population expansion,we can notice the deplition of these fossile fules . therefore to reduce this deplition,energy harvesting has become one of the prime topic for this generation.the process of acquiring the energy surrounding the system and converting it into usefull electrical source is called energy harvesting.Piezoelectric materials have gained popularity in this section of energy harvesting,which can be used to store waste energy for future use. In our project,Since we are using electric engine which is charged with the help of piezos and solar panels,it reduces pollution.Also it reduces usage of electricity since we are using piezo electricity and solar panels

2. ABSTRACT
Since the beginning of modern civilization,we are always dependent on fossil fuels as the
source of energy for our daily requirements.over the past decade due to population
expansion,we can notice the deplition of these fossile fules . therefore to reduce this
deplition,energy harvesting has become one of the prime topic for this generation.the process
of acquiring the energy surrounding the system and converting it into usefull electrical source
is called energy harvesting.Piezoelectric materials have gained popularity in this section of
energy harvesting,which can be used to store waste energy for future use.
In our project,Since we are using electric engine which is charged with the help of piezos and
solar panels,it reduces pollution.Also it reduces usage of electricity since we are using piezo
electricity and solar panels

3. LITERATURE REVIEW
1.Design Analysis and Optimization of Go-Kart using Finite Element Analysis
Jawagar Shrehari J1, Raagul Srinivasan K
B.E. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India
The objective of this paper is to highlight the design report of the Go – Kart vehicle. The performance of a Go-kart depends a lot on the chassis
design. Thus, this project takes a look at the investigation of chassis design, simulation and fabrication. We approached our design with a rough 2D
sketch of the chassis and we created the virtual assembly of our go-kart using CAD modelling software Solid works and the analysis was done
using Ansys16 software. Based on the analysis the model was retested with boundary conditions under the practical parameters. So the design
focuses on safety, serviceability, strength, ruggedness, standardization, cost, ergonomics and aesthetics The design objectives set out to be achieved
were three simple goals applied to every component of the car: durable, light-weight, and high performance, to optimizing the design by avoiding
over design. In order to ensure that the design of the chassis achieve the standard level, detailed analysis was made through ANSYS16 software.
The purpose of this simulation was to investigate the strength and the flexibility of the chassis. The simulations carried out with several altered
parameters for various impact tests, which would also help in reducing the cost.
3. PIEZOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FROM TYRES
Kurian V Kurian1, Sreejith Shaji2, Ramkesh TM3, Roshin Rajan4
In our project Piezoelectric Power Generation from Tyres, mechanical energy generated by vehicle’s wheel due to the contact on the road is
converted into electric energy by piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid material (notably
crystal, certain ceramic and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress. The aim of this
project is to make power generation more sustainable, economic and ecological by utilizing the advancement in the technology. Converting waste
and unused vibrational mechanical energy from vehicle’s tire to electrical energy. So, therefore on our project we are going to use piezo electric
patches inside the wheel rim. When the tyre is contact on the road and the pressure of the vehicle’s weight the electricity is generated by the piezo
electric patches.

4. MATERIAL SELECTION
In order to achieve better performance of the gokart, the weight of the entire
framework(chassis) must be as low as possible. Use of metals generally increases the
weight. Hence it is necessary for us to look into composite materials which can satisfy
our need and provide driver safety and comfort at the same time. There are various
composite materials such as fiber glass ,carbonfiber,CFRP,AFRP, Kevlar fiber
reinforced materials etc.
So for our need we have selected Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Fibers. The
properties of these materials are,
• Density -1.44 g/cc
• Ultimate Tensile Strength – 1060MPa
• Ultimate Yield Strength - 1250 MPa
• Modulus of Elasticity - 95.5 Gpa
• Poisson Ratio - 0.293
• Shear Modulus - 3.01 GPa

5. GOKART POWER HOUSE
MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS
Type 3000W BLDC Motor
Volt 48V
Rated Speed 3000rpm
Maximum Output Torque 18Nm
Wheel Speed 1200 rpm
Kart Max Speed 63.1 Kmph
Acceleration 5.856 m/s^2
BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS
Nominal Capacity 60 Ah
Nominal Voltage 48V
Impedance ≤ 200MՈ
Charge mode Cc/cv
Charge cut-off 56.6V
Discharge cutoff 48V

6. MOTOR CALCULATIONS
The motor that we have decided to use is a 48V 3000 rpm BLDC motor. The reason is the efficiency of conversion it provides as proved in the
calculations below.
1. Wheel speed = motor rpm/gear ratio
= 3000/2.5 =1200 rpm
2. Kart Speed =Wheel speed*pi*D/60..................................1
=1200*pi*0.279/60..........from eqn 1
= 17.53m/s
3. Rolling resistance = mu*m*g.....................................2
=0.6*150*9.81...............from eqn 2
=882.91N
4. Input Torque= mu*W*R ................................3
=0.06*150*9.81*0.137 ......................from eqn 3
= 8.06Nm
5. Taking 1.5 times the initial torque required at the wheel
=12.09Nm
6. Motor starting torque required= initial torque/motor torque
= 12.09/5.2
=2.325Nm
7. Tractive force needed=mu*m*g ........................4
= 0.6*150*9.81 ................from eqn 4
= 882.9N
8. Acceleration=a=F/m ......................................5
= 882.9/150 .......................from eqn 5
= 5.88m/s^2

7. BATTERY CALCULATIONS
Ah of the battery = 60Ah
Charging current should be 10% of Ah rating
Charging current for 60Ah = (60*10)/100 = 6A
Ideal charging time = 60/6 = 10 hours
Considering practical case:
Assuming 40% loss, (60*40)/100 = 24
Therefore, total Ah= 60+24 = 84Ah
Charging time = 84/6 = 14 hours
Discharge time = (Battery Ah*Battery voltage)/Applied
voltage
= (60*48)/1000 = 2.82 hours
Assuming the same 40% loss
Discharge time = 2.82*40 = 112/100 = 1.12 hours

8. S0LAR CELL POWER CALCULATIONS
Battery specification = 60Ah , 48V
Load Power of the battery = 60Ah*48V =2880W
Battery charging time(fast charge) = 1.12Hrs
For 1 square foot of solar panel sheet we get 15W of output
Area of body cell available on our gokart = 46.6 square foot
For 45 square foot of solar cell sheet we get 700W of output.
Therefore 700W of power is generated from the solar cell sheet which can be used to charge the
battery. Then,
Load power-solar output power=2880-700=2180W
% of charging of the battery={(𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 − 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) ÷ 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)} ∗ 100 …….Equ1
Sub the values of load power and solar power in Equ1,we get
{(2880-700)÷2880}*100=24.3%
For charging 2880W battery we require 3.6hrs then for charging 24.3% i.e 700W we require,
{(700W*1.12Hrs)/2880} = 16.33 minutes.
Therefore the usage of solar cell sheet helps us to charge the battery by 24.3% in 16.33 minutes.

9. 5.3.1PIEZOELCTRIC CALCULATIONS
The diameter of the front wheel is 10 inches while the diameter of the rear wheel is considered as
11 inches which are standardized values. The wheel width of the front wheel is around 4.9 inches
and that of the rear wheel is 7.1 inches. Therefore, the total contact patch of both front wheels will
sum up to 9.8 inches and that of both the rear wheels will sum up to 14.2 inches.
The general contact patch area of one wheel considering the total weight of the kart as 160 kg is
(40*9.81)/0.241 = 1628.21N/mm^2
We are considering the weight of the vehicle as 160 kg and the weight distribution as 50:50. We
consider PZT-5A as our piezoelectric material.
Diameter of the PZT module = 5mm
Thickness = 28mm

10. FRONT WHEEL
Number of modules = circumference/30 = 26.59
Contact patch area = 1628.21N/mm^2
Assuming contact patch = 130mm
Number of modules fitted = 130/26.59 = 4
Open circuit voltage = 33.05 volt
Power output = 0.095 microwatt
If modules are in series, total voltage induced = 132V
Power output = 0.38 microwatt
Approximate vehicle speed = 50 Kmph
Number of rotations of wheel per second = 17.39
Power output = 0.175milliwatt
If vehicle runs for 1 hour, energy = 0.175*3600/1000 = 0.63J
For both wheels, energy = 1.26J

11. REAR WHEEL
Number of modules = circumference/30 = 29.25
Contact patch area = 1628.21N/mm^2
Assuming contact patch = 100mm
Number of modules fitted = 100/29.25 = 3
Open circuit voltage = 44.07 volt
Power output = 0.1701 microwatt
If modules are in series, total voltage induced = 132.2V
Power output = 0.510 microwatt
Approximate vehicle speed = 50 Kmph
Number of rotations of wheel per second = 17.39
Power output = 0.259milliwatt
If vehicle runs for 1 hour, energy = 0.259*3600/1000 = 0.9324J
For both wheels, energy = 1.86J
This is the calculation obtained by piezomaterial induced tires. Which can be
improved by installing multiple layers of modules

12. ANALYSIS OF CHASSIS
FRONT IMPACT ANALYSIS
By Considering impact time as
0.5seconds and impact speed
As 80km/h.The Factor of
Safety Was found to be 2.813.
FRONT IMPACT ANALYSIS By
Considering impact time as 0.5
Second as impact speed as 60km/h.
The FACTOR OF SAFTEY was
Found to be 3.755

13. REAR IMPACT ANALYSIS
By Considering impact time as
0.5seconds and impact speed
As 80km/h.The Factor of
Safety Was found to be 2.97.
REAR IMPACT ANALYSIS By
Considering impact time as 0.5
Second as impact speed as 60km/h.
The FACTOR OF SAFTEY was
Found to be 3.964.
REAR IMPACT

14. SIDE IMPACT ANALYSIS By
Considering impact time as
0.5seconds and impact speed
As 80km/h.The Factor of
Safety Was found to be 5.09.
SIDE IMPACT ANALYSIS By
Considering impact time as 0.5
Second as impact speed as 60km/h.
The FACTOR OF SAFTEY was
Found to be 6.36.
SIDE IMPACT

15. IMPACT PARAMETER IDEAL CONDITION REAL TIME CONDITION
FRONT DEFORMATION 4.37 mm 7.64 mm
FACTOR OF SAFTEY 3.755 2.83
SIDE DEFORMATION 0.645 mm 0.825 mm
FACTOR OF SAFTEY 6.34 5.092
REAR DEFORMATION 29.8 mm 39.84 mm
FACTOR OF SAFTEY 3.96 2.97

16. DESIGN OF GOKART
ISOMETRIC VIEW

17. TOP VIEW

18. FUTURE SCOPE
• Addition of wheel hubs.
• Usage of KERS.
• USAGE OF Liquid Cooling for Batteries.

19. REFERENCE
 “MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF CHASSIS FRAMED BY USING CARBON FIBRE AND E-GLASS
EPOXY AS COMPOSITE MATERIAL – A COMPARITIVE STUDY” BY ARCHIT TOMAR. ISSN :
23950056
 “DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILE CHASSIS BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL”
BY PRASHANTH A. ISSN : 23198753
 “PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING IN AUTOMOBILE WHEELS ” BY AYAN B.ISSN :
23474718
 “DESIGN AND FARICATION OF COST EFECTIVE ELECTRIC GOKART” BY PRADEEP R. ISSN :
23950056
 “SOLAR POWER GOKART” BY ASHAY PAWASKAR. ISSN : 22295518