Opposition to liberalism.
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The document discusses several political ideologies from history: - Luddites protested the introduction of machines in the 1800s that displaced skilled textile workers. They formed a group called the Army of Redressers that destroyed machinery. - Chartists campaigned in the 1800s for voting reforms, including universal male suffrage and voting by secret ballot. They wanted more political power for common people. - Marxism is based on Karl Marx's communist manifesto and values decentralizing power and achieving social and economic equality, including removing private property. - Utopian Socialism focused on improving society through education and improving workers' lives with thinkers like Robert Owen advocating a classless society with state-directed equality.
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Social opposition to liberalism
This document summarizes the key beliefs and thinkers of several different political ideologies and movements:
1) Luddites opposed machines replacing skilled labor and their leader Ned Ludd led attacks on factories, seeing it as a threat to employment.
2) Chartists advocated for electoral reform in Britain in the 1800s, calling for expanded voting rights through their People's Charter.
3) Utopian Socialists like Robert Owen believed in using education and improved living/working conditions to transition peacefully to an ideal socialist society.
4) Marxists Socialists, led by Karl Marx, advocated for abolition of inheritance and confiscating rebel property, believing change required violence.
5) Classical Conservat
Negative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution had several negative effects on workers and society. The factory owners became very wealthy while workers lived in extreme poverty. Rapid urbanization resulted in overcrowded, unsanitary cities lacking basic infrastructure. Workers, including women and children, faced dangerous conditions and long hours in factories for low wages. In response, some protested, others turned to religion for solace, and socialists advocated for more equal distribution of wealth and better living standards for workers.
Philsophical Reactions to the Industrial Revolution
Philosophers reacted differently to industrialization:
1) David Ricardo proposed the "Iron Law of Wages" which argued workers would only be paid enough to survive and population growth would keep wages low.
2) Critics advocated for more equal distribution of wealth from industrialization through socialism. Robert Owen established cooperative communities with better conditions.
3) Karl Marx and Frederick Engels analyzed capitalism and communism in "The Communist Manifesto," proposing communism would end poverty through government ownership while capitalism allowed inequality.
Usii.4d notes
Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation due to factors like mass production, the division of labor, and transportation advances that created national markets. New business models like corporations and trusts consolidated production, while mechanization reduced farm labor needs and increased agricultural output, driving population shifts to cities where industrial jobs were plentiful and consumer goods became more accessible through emerging retailers like department stores and mail order catalogs.
Philosophy From Indus Rev
Philosophers and economists reacted differently to the social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. David Ricardo proposed the "iron law of wages," which argued that workers would only be paid enough to survive and that poverty was the fault of individuals. Critics advocated for more equal distribution of wealth generated by industry. Robert Owen established cooperative communities in his factories that increased productivity while improving conditions. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels analyzed capitalism and communism in response to the new social order, outlining their differences in areas like views of government, people, social conditions, and individual freedom.
Philosophical Indus
1) The document discusses philosophical reactions to the Industrial Revolution, including the "Iron Law of Wages" which argued workers should only be paid enough to survive and that poverty is due to individual flaws.
2) It also discusses the rise of socialism as critics advocated for more equal distribution of wealth from industrialization. Robert Owen established utopian communities with better working conditions.
3) Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto outlining the differences between communism and capitalism, including views on government, people, social conditions, and individual freedom.
Effects of industrialization cp 2012
Industrialization led to rapid urbanization as people moved to cities for new factory jobs. This overwhelmed existing city infrastructure and resources, resulting in unsanitary living conditions and the spread of sickness. Factory work also had long hours, dangerous conditions and low pay for unskilled laborers. Industrialization created a new social hierarchy, with a growing middle class and a greater divide between rich and poor.
Industrial revolution changes
The Industrial Revolution transformed Western Europe and Japan in the 19th century through industrialization. New technologies like steam power automated production and moved it from homes to factories. This permanently changed the nature of work from a reliance on manual labor to machines and specialized labor. While industry improved productivity and transportation, it also had negative consequences like unsafe working conditions, low wages, lack of job security, and unstable economies that damaged workers' lives. The changes driven by industrialization altered society through urbanization, new social classes, and transformed family structures.
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Social opposition to liberalism
This document summarizes the key beliefs and thinkers of several different political ideologies and movements:
1) Luddites opposed machines replacing skilled labor and their leader Ned Ludd led attacks on factories, seeing it as a threat to employment.
2) Chartists advocated for electoral reform in Britain in the 1800s, calling for expanded voting rights through their People's Charter.
3) Utopian Socialists like Robert Owen believed in using education and improved living/working conditions to transition peacefully to an ideal socialist society.
4) Marxists Socialists, led by Karl Marx, advocated for abolition of inheritance and confiscating rebel property, believing change required violence.
5) Classical Conservat
Negative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution had several negative effects on workers and society. The factory owners became very wealthy while workers lived in extreme poverty. Rapid urbanization resulted in overcrowded, unsanitary cities lacking basic infrastructure. Workers, including women and children, faced dangerous conditions and long hours in factories for low wages. In response, some protested, others turned to religion for solace, and socialists advocated for more equal distribution of wealth and better living standards for workers.
Philsophical Reactions to the Industrial Revolution
Philosophers reacted differently to industrialization:
1) David Ricardo proposed the "Iron Law of Wages" which argued workers would only be paid enough to survive and population growth would keep wages low.
2) Critics advocated for more equal distribution of wealth from industrialization through socialism. Robert Owen established cooperative communities with better conditions.
3) Karl Marx and Frederick Engels analyzed capitalism and communism in "The Communist Manifesto," proposing communism would end poverty through government ownership while capitalism allowed inequality.
Usii.4d notes
Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation due to factors like mass production, the division of labor, and transportation advances that created national markets. New business models like corporations and trusts consolidated production, while mechanization reduced farm labor needs and increased agricultural output, driving population shifts to cities where industrial jobs were plentiful and consumer goods became more accessible through emerging retailers like department stores and mail order catalogs.
Philosophy From Indus Rev
Philosophers and economists reacted differently to the social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. David Ricardo proposed the "iron law of wages," which argued that workers would only be paid enough to survive and that poverty was the fault of individuals. Critics advocated for more equal distribution of wealth generated by industry. Robert Owen established cooperative communities in his factories that increased productivity while improving conditions. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels analyzed capitalism and communism in response to the new social order, outlining their differences in areas like views of government, people, social conditions, and individual freedom.
Philosophical Indus
1) The document discusses philosophical reactions to the Industrial Revolution, including the "Iron Law of Wages" which argued workers should only be paid enough to survive and that poverty is due to individual flaws.
2) It also discusses the rise of socialism as critics advocated for more equal distribution of wealth from industrialization. Robert Owen established utopian communities with better working conditions.
3) Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto outlining the differences between communism and capitalism, including views on government, people, social conditions, and individual freedom.
Effects of industrialization cp 2012
Industrialization led to rapid urbanization as people moved to cities for new factory jobs. This overwhelmed existing city infrastructure and resources, resulting in unsanitary living conditions and the spread of sickness. Factory work also had long hours, dangerous conditions and low pay for unskilled laborers. Industrialization created a new social hierarchy, with a growing middle class and a greater divide between rich and poor.
Industrial revolution changes
The Industrial Revolution transformed Western Europe and Japan in the 19th century through industrialization. New technologies like steam power automated production and moved it from homes to factories. This permanently changed the nature of work from a reliance on manual labor to machines and specialized labor. While industry improved productivity and transportation, it also had negative consequences like unsafe working conditions, low wages, lack of job security, and unstable economies that damaged workers' lives. The changes driven by industrialization altered society through urbanization, new social classes, and transformed family structures.
His 102 chapter 23 modern industry & mass politics, 1870 1914
This document provides an overview of modern industry and mass politics between 1870 and 1914. It describes the rise of new technologies in steel, electricity, chemicals, and engines that drove the Second Industrial Revolution. This led to changes in scale and scope as populations and consumption grew. Corporations emerged to manage large-scale industry. Workers organized unions and socialist movements in response to new corporate power.
Industrial Revolution Philosophers
The document discusses several philosophers from the Industrial Revolution period and their economic and political ideas:
1) Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire economics and that government regulation interfered with wealth production.
2) Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo built on Smith's ideas of capitalism and argued that population would always outpace food supply, leading to a permanent poor underclass.
3) Karl Marx believed capitalism would destroy itself and advocated for communism with public ownership and an end to private property and inequality between the bourgeoisie and proletariat classes.
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The document contains quotes that compare and contrast communism and capitalism. It discusses how individuals pursuing self-interest, not government bureaus, have led to great achievements. One quote notes that under capitalism all men should have wealth, while under communism no man should have so much. Another quote states that communist production develops technology by exploiting workers and draining natural resources.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed societies and economies in Western Europe and Japan in the late 1700s and 1800s. New technologies powered by water and fossil fuels increased factory production and changed the nature of work. The textile industry in Britain marked the beginning of the revolution. The factory system introduced specialized labor and moved production from homes into factories. While industrialization provided benefits, it also destroyed lives by creating unsafe and oppressive working conditions, low wages, pollution, and unstable economic and social conditions. Governments and reformers sought to address these problems.
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The Gilded Age in American history saw powerful business tycoons, known as Robber Barons, exploit workers and amass great fortunes while most Americans lived in poverty. The Industrial Revolution transformed the economy from rural and agricultural to urban and industrial, spurring new technologies, mass production techniques, and the rise of big business monopolies in industries like steel, oil, and railroads. While some innovations improved living standards, working conditions were often dangerous and workers faced low pay, long hours, and lack of rights or protections. Growing economic inequality sparked labor unrest and calls for reform.
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1) It summarizes some of the major changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, such as the movement of populations from rural to urban areas and changes in family and work structures.
2) It outlines some of the factors that enabled the Industrial Revolution to begin in England, including population growth, natural resources, location, and entrepreneurship.
3) It describes some of the working and living conditions during the Industrial Revolution, such as long work hours, dangerous factories, and overcrowded urban housing.
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This document defines and provides examples of various political and social ideologies including: ideology, individualism, collectivism, liberalism, self-interest, competition, freedom, rule of law, private property, collective responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, collective norms, public property, belief, value, individual identity, and collective identity. Examples are given to illustrate each concept.
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The document discusses several economic and political philosophies that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, including:
- Laissez-faire capitalism as proposed by Adam Smith, allowing businesses to operate freely without government regulation.
- Utilitarianism as introduced by Jeremy Bentham, which said societies and policies should be judged based on their overall usefulness and benefit to the population.
- Socialism in which the public owns the means of production to benefit all people and prevent poverty.
- Communism as envisioned by Karl Marx in which all land, businesses, and property are publicly owned and shared equally.
- Workers organizing unions and trade associations to collectively bargain for better working conditions and reforms through strikes
Industrial revolution philosophers
The document discusses several economic ideas that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, including laissez-faire economics advocated by Adam Smith. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo built on Smith's ideas and believed that population growth would lead to a permanent underclass of poor workers with declining wages. Utilitarians like Jeremy Bentham believed the goal should be maximum benefit for most people. Socialists advocated public ownership of resources and factories to reduce inequality. Karl Marx proposed communism, with public ownership and no private property. Workers joined unions to advocate for better conditions.
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This document summarizes Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories of capitalism and socialism. It explains that industrialization created social classes like the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Marx argued that capitalism exploits workers for profit and will inevitably be replaced by socialism, where workers collectively own the means of production. The document outlines Marx's theories of historical materialism, economic determinism, and the five stages of societal evolution from primitive communism to advanced socialism.
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The document provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution in the United States through several sections. It describes how authors like Jack London and Mark Twain wrote stories depicting everyday American life. It also explains how the discovery of oil and new steel production methods by Andrew Carnegie drove industrialization. The growth of large factories benefited from economies of scale but also led to monopolies and consolidation. The Industrial Revolution spurred massive immigration to cities and the rise of labor unions seeking better treatment of workers.
Effects of industrialization ppt
Industrialization in the late 19th century led to rapid population growth in cities which overwhelmed infrastructure and living conditions. New inventions fueled increased factory production, providing many jobs but with long hours, low pay, and unsafe conditions. Workers organized unions to demand better treatment, using strikes that sometimes turned violent as companies hired replacements. Both unions and the government took steps to improve conditions, such as pushing for an eight hour work day.
Industrialism
During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid industrialization driven by three key factors: abundant natural resources like oil and iron, governmental support of industry, and urbanization. New inventions in electricity, the typewriter, telephone, and steel production transformed the economy. The railroad industry expanded dramatically across the country, standardizing time zones and connecting markets. This period also saw the rise of large corporations, labor unrest over poor working conditions, and the emergence of unions seeking better treatment of workers.
Industrial Age Economic Theories
The document summarizes key economic theories from the Industrial Age, including:
1) Mercantilism dominated the Commercial Age but was criticized by Adam Smith who advocated for laissez-faire capitalism in his book "The Wealth of Nations", arguing that free trade regulated by the invisible hand was most effective.
2) Karl Marx built on these ideas and developed theories of socialism, arguing that capitalism inevitably leads to conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat and can only be overcome through socialist revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
3) Marx's theories, outlined in "The Communist Manifesto", influenced the development of communism in the 20th century though his ideas did not foresee later developments
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of Western Europe, the United States, Japan, and Russia in the 19th century. It introduced new patterns of machine-powered mass production that transformed how goods were manufactured and consumed. This led to rapid urbanization as people moved from rural homes to factory cities. While industrialization provided benefits like increased production, it also had negative consequences for workers, who faced difficult working conditions, low wages, lack of protections, and other problems. The changes driven by the Industrial Revolution disrupted traditional societies and economies.
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Global consequences of the industrial revolution
The industrial revolution had several global economic and social consequences:
1. It led to large-scale, low-cost, uniform production through the factory system and growth of joint stock companies.
2. It created a capitalist class that owned the means of production and a laboring class, widening the gap between rich and poor.
3. Countries like England grew wealthy through industrialization and became leaders in industry, commerce, and finance, encouraging later colonialism and imperialism to secure resources and markets.
Visual vocabulary
This document defines and provides examples of various sociological and political concepts. It discusses ideologies like individualism and collectivism. It also examines concepts such as competition, private property, rule of law, belief, value, individual identity, and collective identity. For each term, it provides a definition and a relevant example to illustrate the meaning. The document uses images to enhance understanding of the concepts.
Oppostion of liberalism
This document summarizes several historical opposition ideologies to liberalism:
Luddites opposed machines replacing skilled workers and believed technology should not replace people. Chartists advocated for universal male suffrage and annual elections. Utopian Socialists valued education and improving living/working conditions to create a humane society. Marxism decentralized power and advocated for free public education. Classical Conservatism believed governments should be chosen by a limited electorate and prioritized social stability over individual rights. The document analyzes whether each ideology would fit in a "Liberalism Ice Cream Store" based on its principles.
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His 102 chapter 23 modern industry & mass politics, 1870 1914
This document provides an overview of modern industry and mass politics between 1870 and 1914. It describes the rise of new technologies in steel, electricity, chemicals, and engines that drove the Second Industrial Revolution. This led to changes in scale and scope as populations and consumption grew. Corporations emerged to manage large-scale industry. Workers organized unions and socialist movements in response to new corporate power.
Industrial Revolution Philosophers
The document discusses several philosophers from the Industrial Revolution period and their economic and political ideas:
1) Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire economics and that government regulation interfered with wealth production.
2) Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo built on Smith's ideas of capitalism and argued that population would always outpace food supply, leading to a permanent poor underclass.
3) Karl Marx believed capitalism would destroy itself and advocated for communism with public ownership and an end to private property and inequality between the bourgeoisie and proletariat classes.
Industrial Revolution part II
The document discusses several key aspects of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution including the growth of cities, labor issues, and social reforms. It covers economic theories such as those from Adam Smith advocating laissez-faire policies and Karl Marx arguing that workers will revolt against exploitation. Social effects included poor urban living conditions, the rise of unions and labor laws, as well as reform movements addressing wealth distribution and workers' rights.
Communism & Capitalism Quotes
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The industrial revolution 2011
The Industrial Revolution transformed societies and economies in Western Europe and Japan in the late 1700s and 1800s. New technologies powered by water and fossil fuels increased factory production and changed the nature of work. The textile industry in Britain marked the beginning of the revolution. The factory system introduced specialized labor and moved production from homes into factories. While industrialization provided benefits, it also destroyed lives by creating unsafe and oppressive working conditions, low wages, pollution, and unstable economic and social conditions. Governments and reformers sought to address these problems.
The Growth of Industrialism
The Gilded Age in American history saw powerful business tycoons, known as Robber Barons, exploit workers and amass great fortunes while most Americans lived in poverty. The Industrial Revolution transformed the economy from rural and agricultural to urban and industrial, spurring new technologies, mass production techniques, and the rise of big business monopolies in industries like steel, oil, and railroads. While some innovations improved living standards, working conditions were often dangerous and workers faced low pay, long hours, and lack of rights or protections. Growing economic inequality sparked labor unrest and calls for reform.
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The document discusses key aspects of the Industrial Revolution in England, including:
1) It summarizes some of the major changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, such as the movement of populations from rural to urban areas and changes in family and work structures.
2) It outlines some of the factors that enabled the Industrial Revolution to begin in England, including population growth, natural resources, location, and entrepreneurship.
3) It describes some of the working and living conditions during the Industrial Revolution, such as long work hours, dangerous factories, and overcrowded urban housing.
Visual Vocabulary Assignment
This document defines and provides examples of various political and social ideologies including: ideology, individualism, collectivism, liberalism, self-interest, competition, freedom, rule of law, private property, collective responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, collective norms, public property, belief, value, individual identity, and collective identity. Examples are given to illustrate each concept.
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism refers to applying Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection to human societies. It suggests that in societies, as in nature, competition between individuals results in "survival of the fittest." Some 19th century believers felt this justified social inequality, racism, sexism, and imperialism. Figures like Rockefeller felt their wealth proved they were fittest, while those in poverty were lazy or inferior. Their views influenced later industrialists like Carnegie and Buffett, though these men ultimately used their vast fortunes for widespread philanthropic causes instead of keeping wealth within their families.
Industrial revolution philosophers cp 2012
The document discusses several economic and political philosophies that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, including:
- Laissez-faire capitalism as proposed by Adam Smith, allowing businesses to operate freely without government regulation.
- Utilitarianism as introduced by Jeremy Bentham, which said societies and policies should be judged based on their overall usefulness and benefit to the population.
- Socialism in which the public owns the means of production to benefit all people and prevent poverty.
- Communism as envisioned by Karl Marx in which all land, businesses, and property are publicly owned and shared equally.
- Workers organizing unions and trade associations to collectively bargain for better working conditions and reforms through strikes
Industrial revolution philosophers
The document discusses several economic ideas that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, including laissez-faire economics advocated by Adam Smith. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo built on Smith's ideas and believed that population growth would lead to a permanent underclass of poor workers with declining wages. Utilitarians like Jeremy Bentham believed the goal should be maximum benefit for most people. Socialists advocated public ownership of resources and factories to reduce inequality. Karl Marx proposed communism, with public ownership and no private property. Workers joined unions to advocate for better conditions.
Socialism and the Industrial Revolution
This document summarizes Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories of capitalism and socialism. It explains that industrialization created social classes like the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Marx argued that capitalism exploits workers for profit and will inevitably be replaced by socialism, where workers collectively own the means of production. The document outlines Marx's theories of historical materialism, economic determinism, and the five stages of societal evolution from primitive communism to advanced socialism.
So c schumacher north workshop
The document discusses the concept of commons resources and their stewardship for social renewal. It outlines that commons resources include the biosphere, physiosphere, noosphere, and cultural commons. These resources are either inherited from nature or constitute common stock, and are stewarded in a commons or provided as public goods. Key features of commons include moving from an individual mindset to a collective one, networked civil society, social charters, co-production, co-governance models, and partnership with government. Examples of commons discussed include community bills of rights, food and forest commons, transition towns, and open source/creative commons models.
18.1 b chapter 18 powerpoint the industrial revolution (revised 10 13-13)
The document provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution in the United States through several sections. It describes how authors like Jack London and Mark Twain wrote stories depicting everyday American life. It also explains how the discovery of oil and new steel production methods by Andrew Carnegie drove industrialization. The growth of large factories benefited from economies of scale but also led to monopolies and consolidation. The Industrial Revolution spurred massive immigration to cities and the rise of labor unions seeking better treatment of workers.
Effects of industrialization ppt
Industrialization in the late 19th century led to rapid population growth in cities which overwhelmed infrastructure and living conditions. New inventions fueled increased factory production, providing many jobs but with long hours, low pay, and unsafe conditions. Workers organized unions to demand better treatment, using strikes that sometimes turned violent as companies hired replacements. Both unions and the government took steps to improve conditions, such as pushing for an eight hour work day.
Industrialism
During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid industrialization driven by three key factors: abundant natural resources like oil and iron, governmental support of industry, and urbanization. New inventions in electricity, the typewriter, telephone, and steel production transformed the economy. The railroad industry expanded dramatically across the country, standardizing time zones and connecting markets. This period also saw the rise of large corporations, labor unrest over poor working conditions, and the emergence of unions seeking better treatment of workers.
Industrial Age Economic Theories
The document summarizes key economic theories from the Industrial Age, including:
1) Mercantilism dominated the Commercial Age but was criticized by Adam Smith who advocated for laissez-faire capitalism in his book "The Wealth of Nations", arguing that free trade regulated by the invisible hand was most effective.
2) Karl Marx built on these ideas and developed theories of socialism, arguing that capitalism inevitably leads to conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat and can only be overcome through socialist revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
3) Marx's theories, outlined in "The Communist Manifesto", influenced the development of communism in the 20th century though his ideas did not foresee later developments
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of Western Europe, the United States, Japan, and Russia in the 19th century. It introduced new patterns of machine-powered mass production that transformed how goods were manufactured and consumed. This led to rapid urbanization as people moved from rural homes to factory cities. While industrialization provided benefits like increased production, it also had negative consequences for workers, who faced difficult working conditions, low wages, lack of protections, and other problems. The changes driven by the Industrial Revolution disrupted traditional societies and economies.
Progressive movement 2011.pptx
The passage discusses the Progressive Era in the United States from the late 19th to early 20th century. It covers several key aspects of the period including rapid industrialization, urbanization, and corruption which led citizens to demand reforms. Progressives pushed for initiatives, referendums, and recalls to give political power back to the people and reduce corruption. They focused on applying moral principles to improve industrial society and reform issues like child labor, work hours, and workplace regulations.
Global consequences of the industrial revolution
The industrial revolution had several global economic and social consequences:
1. It led to large-scale, low-cost, uniform production through the factory system and growth of joint stock companies.
2. It created a capitalist class that owned the means of production and a laboring class, widening the gap between rich and poor.
3. Countries like England grew wealthy through industrialization and became leaders in industry, commerce, and finance, encouraging later colonialism and imperialism to secure resources and markets.
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Similar to Opposition to liberalism.
The industrial revolution
The document discusses several political and economic ideologies from history including:
- Luddites opposed technological advances that replaced skilled jobs with unskilled labor in the early 19th century.
- Chartism advocated for political reforms to expand voting rights in Britain during the 1830s-1840s.
- Utopian Socialism aimed to improve living conditions for workers through cooperative communities and education in the early 19th century.
- Marxism called for the abolition of private property and revolution of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie in the mid-19th century.
- Classical Conservatism supported a hierarchical social structure and gradual political change informed by tradition.
Responses to classical liberalism and the world of the industrial revolution
The document discusses several ideologies from the Industrial Revolution era:
1. Luddites protested against industrialization and mechanization that replaced skilled workers with machines operated by less skilled workers. Their leader was Ned Ludd.
2. Chartists demanded political and social reforms like universal male suffrage and annual elections. Their goals were outlined in the People's Charter of 1838. Leaders included William Lovett and Francis Place.
3. Socialists like Robert Owen believed resources should be publicly controlled to benefit all, with improved schooling, working conditions, and guaranteed employment.
4. Classical conservatives like Edmund Burke felt society should be structured hierarchically and represent the legacy of the past as well as current
Oppositions to liberalism
Luddites led by Ned Ludd destroyed industrial machinery in factories as they saw it as a threat to employment. Chartists campaigned for political reforms like universal male suffrage and voting reforms. Utopian Socialists like Robert Owen believed improving living conditions and education could create a harmonious society without classes or poverty. Marxism as developed by Karl Marx focused on public ownership of land, means of production and the abolition of private property to reduce inequality. Classical Conservatives like Edmund Burke supported hierarchy and tradition in society and government.
Opposition to liberalism
The document discusses several different groups that opposed aspects of liberalism:
- Luddites were British factory workers in the early 1800s who destroyed machines to protest job losses due to the Industrial Revolution. They formed a group called the Army of Redressers.
- Chartists were British working class people in the 1830s-40s who advocated for electoral and political reforms, including universal male suffrage. Leaders included William Lovett and Francis Place.
- Utopian Socialists like Robert Owen believed in cooperative communities and worker education to improve conditions under capitalism and create a more humane society.
- Marxists drew from Karl Marx's theories of class struggle between the proletariat and bourgeoisie
Opposition to liberalism
This document summarizes and evaluates several different political ideologies based on their compatibility with liberalism:
- Luddites and Chartists promoted individual rights and opposed policies that threatened individuals' livelihoods, so they align with liberalism.
- Utopian Socialists believed in improving lives through education and equal rights for women, compatible with liberal values.
- Marxism is not compatible as it promotes abolishing private property rights, a core liberal principle.
- Classical Conservatism is also incompatible as it rejects individual equality and prefers hierarchy over individual rights.
Effects of the industrial revolution
Looks at the after effects economically, socially, scientifically, and artistically of the Industrial Revolution
Ch13 Cultural Revolution
The document provides an overview of scientific and intellectual developments between 1750-1914 that improved life. It discusses key figures like Darwin, Jenner, Pasteur, Dalton, Curie, Pavlov, Freud and their contributions. Darwin theorized evolution by natural selection, sparking controversy. Jenner developed the first vaccination for smallpox. Breakthroughs in physics included atomic theory and discoveries of X-rays and radioactivity. New social sciences like sociology and psychology applied scientific study to human behavior and society.
100109 Wh Industrial Philosophies 50m
The document provides an agenda for a class on industrial philosophies during the Industrial Revolution. It includes definitions and key facts about various philosophies like classical liberalism, utilitarianism, modern liberalism, socialism, and communism. It also presents excerpts and ideas from influential thinkers like Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, and Frederick Engels. Students are given discussion prompts to debate different philosophies and perspectives on issues like class conflict, the role of government, and economic systems.
19.4 new ways of thinking
The Industrial Revolution led to new economic ideas like laissez-faire capitalism and Malthusian theory. Some supported laissez-faire while others like Bentham argued for more government intervention. Early socialists believed property should be commonly owned for the public good. Marx predicted class struggle would lead to workers overthrowing capitalism and creating a classless society, as outlined in The Communist Manifesto. His ideas influenced social democracy and communist movements.
Freedom Presentation_E block
In Brave New World, government controls access to information through conditioning citizens from birth and keeping them constantly distracted. While past governments used overt censorship, the World State in the novel achieves control more subtly through technologies like soma and conditioning. Some modern governments also take more subtle approaches to information control compared to obvious historical censorship, such as withholding certain data like disease cures.
Post industrial economic theories
This document provides an overview of several post-industrial economic theories including capitalism, socialism, and communism. It discusses key ideas and thinkers for each system. For capitalism, it outlines private industry ownership, competition, and inequality as key ideas and examines Adam Smith's invisible hand theory and laissez-faire economics. For socialism, it discusses government industry ownership, equality, and a classless society as key ideas and looks at the utopian socialist views of Saint-Simon and Robert Owen. For communism, it presents public industry ownership, a classless society without government, and Karl Marx's belief that communism is the highest stage of socialism.
Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800-1850More steel- s.docx
Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800-1850
More steel- steam
engine and smelting
Railroads- First RR was
built in 1823 to connect
Manchester with the
nearby port of Liverpool
Repeal of the Corn Laws,
Poor Laws, 1832-1846
Stockton-Darlington locomotive, 1825
American locomotive, 1850
Iron and railroads led to steel bridges and road improvements
Chemicals:
Gas lights, fueled by gas extracted from coal, were installed in London, 1812-1820
Sulfuric Acid and Bleach for the textile industry were developed in between 1790-1830
Portland cement, and improvement over traditional concrete, was developed in 1824
SS Royal William, the first ship to cross the Atlantic under steam-power, from Nova Scotia to Liverpool, 1833
Pollution
Great Stink, 1858
Discontent and Organized Labor
Luddites, Manchester, 1811-12, led a series of riots protesting the use of steam engines in textile mills and the resulting unemployment.
Workers’ Unions were illegal in the UK until 1824.
The Chartist movement of the 1830s and 1840s represented the first real effort to build a labor union, and organized the first wide-spread labor strike in 1846.
In 1844, Frederick Engels, the son of a textile factory owner, published his Condition of the Working Class in England, one of the founding works of Socialism.
Reform of Working Conditions
Factory Acts of 1802, 1833-
1)Children under 8 can’t work
2)Children 8-13 can only work 8 hours per day, but only from 6AM to 9PM (max work week of 58 hours)
3)Children 13-18 can work twelve hours per day (max work week of 70 hours)
4) The employers of child-labor must send them to school at least once per week for the first four years of their employment (this was expanded to two hours per day).
Factory Act of 1844-
Women and children (13-18) not allowed to work beyond 58 hours per week.
Factory Act of 1847- The ten hour work day
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Great fan of reforming industrial labor conditions
Ran his own mill town of New Lanark, Scotland, as an example of how fair treatment and investment in the lives and education of workers could alleviate the social problems of capitalism.
Believed poverty could be solved
by the creation of new villages
for the poor based on the
old principle of commonly-held
lands.
Edwin Chadwick
Member of Poor Laws Commission, but bitterly rejected the reform of the Poor Laws in 1832
Published The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population in 1842, complaining about working and living conditions in London and other cities.
Made commissioner of the Metropolitan Sewer District, which built London’s modern sewage system
Ireland and Enclosures
During the eighteenth century, English and Irish-protestant landlords pursued a policy of increasing cash rents or enclosures for sheep farming, dispossessing large swaths of the Irish peasantry.
Many moved to England,
looking for employment in
the cities.
Ireland under British Liberalism
Agricultural Revolut.
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when thinkers applied reason and science to politics, society, and the economy. They challenged absolute monarch rule and argued that people have natural rights like liberty. Thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith developed new ideas about government, economics, and society that influenced revolutions and the growth of democracy. Their works spread new ways of thinking through publications and social gatherings.
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when thinkers applied reason and science to politics, society, and the economy. They challenged absolute monarch rule and argued that people have natural rights like liberty. Thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith developed new ideas about government, economics, and society that influenced revolutions and the growth of democracy. Their works spread new ways of thinking and challenged traditional authorities and institutions.
Historical context of marxism
This document provides historical context on Marxism and key figures related to Marx's work such as Engels, Proudhon, Bakunin, and Fourier. It summarizes Marx and Engels' collaboration and major publications including the Communist Manifesto. It also discusses Marx's views on "Utopian Socialism" and differences between his "scientific socialism" and the ideas of other socialist thinkers of his time. Lastly, it examines various interpretations of Marx's work including traditional and non-traditional Marxism.
Unit 3 nationbuilding3
The document provides an overview of the key developments during the Industrial Revolution that led to social and economic progress. It discusses improvements in agriculture through crop rotation, new technologies like the cotton gin and spinning jenny that advanced the textile industry, the introduction of steam power through engines developed by Watt and Fulton that drove other industries and transportation, and infrastructure projects like canals, better roads, and railroads that improved transportation. The document also notes later inventions like the telegraph, light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera that further transformed society.
The 18th century: the crisis of the Ancien Régime
The document discusses the 18th century crisis of the Ancien Régime in France and the rise of Enlightenment ideas across Europe. It describes the key features of the Ancien Régime including absolute monarchy, a society divided into estates, and a low production economy. The Enlightenment promoted the use of reason to understand the world and challenged the principles of the Ancien Régime. Philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu influenced political ideas and the American and French Revolutions. The American colonies declared independence from Britain in 1776 due to taxation and lack of representation, establishing a new representative government in the United States.
What is sociology sept 2013
The document provides an overview of sociology as a discipline. It discusses the sociological imagination and how sociologists view individual acts in a broader social context. It then covers the historical development of sociology from figures like Copernicus, Galileo and the Enlightenment. Key founders of sociology discussed include Comte, Durkheim, Marx and Weber. Early sociologists aimed to establish sociology as a scientific discipline to study and explain social change, with the goal of improving society. Contemporary sociological theories introduced include functionalism, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism.
100610 wh industrial philosophies 2 50m
The document provides notes on the philosophies that emerged during the Industrial Revolution in response to industrialization and changes in society. It discusses six philosophies:
1. Classical Liberalism advocated for limited government and free markets. Philosophers like John Locke and Adam Smith believed people should be free to act without government interference.
2. Utilitarianism, developed by Jeremy Bentham, held that government should act to maximize happiness for the greatest number of people.
3. Modern Liberalism, championed by John Stuart Mill, believed government should promote education and welfare to help prepare people for freedom.
4. Utopian Socialism advocated for private individuals and businesses working together voluntarily to
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Responses to classical liberalism and the world of the industrial revolution
Responses to classical liberalism and the world of the industrial revolution
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History - Socialism in Europe & Russian Revolution 01 _ Handwritten Notes __ ...
Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800-1850More steel- s.docx
Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800-1850More steel- s.docx
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While utilitarianism aims to maximize happiness, taking it too far could harm others and society. Some level of rules and control are needed to prevent people from sacrificing others or the environment solely for their own gain. A purely utilitarian system could descend into chaos, but incorporating utilitarian ideals with other philosophies could help a society function well while still promoting overall well-being.
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While utilitarianism aims to maximize happiness, taking it too far could harm others and society. Some level of rules and control are needed to prevent people from sacrificing others or the environment solely for their own gain. A purely utilitarian system could descend into chaos, but incorporating utilitarian ideals with other philosophies could help a society function well while still promoting overall well-being.
Utilitarianism
While utilitarianism aims to maximize happiness, taking it too far could harm others and society. Pursuing only personal happiness with no regard for others could justify severe crimes. Laws would be needed to prevent harming others for personal gain. A purely utilitarian society could descend into chaos, so utilitarianism works best combined with other ideologies that also protect individuals.
Utilitarianism
While utilitarianism aims to maximize happiness, taking it too far could harm others and society. Pursuing only personal happiness with no regard for others could justify severe crimes. Laws would be needed to prevent harming others for personal gain. A purely utilitarian society could descend into chaos, so utilitarianism works best combined with other ideologies that also protect individuals.
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There are four main pillars that must be present for liberalism to exist
There are four main pillars that must be present for liberalism to exist
Opposition to liberalism.
- 1. Kim Rodney Ned Ludd= Leader or who they based this movement on. Led by a General Ludd or a King Ludd. Ned Ludd was supposedly the first person to have destroyed a piece of industrial machinery. This ideology would be included in the ice cream shop of liberalism as it values the individual, and does not want individual work to be replaced by machine Luddites Quotations: We must make this an insecure and inhospitable place for capitalists and their projects…. We must reclaim the roads and plowed land, halt dam construction, tear down existing dams, free shackled rivers and return to wilderness millions of tens of millions of acres of presently settled land. —David Foreman, Earth First Every time you turn on an electric light, you are making another brainless baby. —Helen Caldicott, Union of Concerned Scientists Wikipedia.org Beliefs/ Values- in the early 1800’s skilled textile workers were being replaced by machines that could be operated by very unskilled people. This led to a protest. Actions Taken- Formation of the army of Redressers. First attack happened in Nottingham 1811. Frame Breaking Act. mass trial at York in 1812 that resulted in many executions and penal transportations. The West Riding of Yorkshire in 1812
- 2. Chartists thepeoplescharter.co.uk historyhome.co.uk spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk Feargus O'Connor l Samuel Holberry George Julian Harney Thomas Cooper William Lovett en.wikipedia.org chartists.net Beliefs Every Man over 21 should have a vote, Voting by secret ballet, and annual elections. This ideology would be included in the liberalism ice cream shop as it does give individuals the ability to vote for their leader and influence his decisions. Quotations: “a man willing to work and unable to find work is perhaps the saddest sight that fortunes inequality exhibits under this sun.” -William Lovett “We are of those who are opposed to everything in the shape of a physical or violent revolution, believing that a victory would be a defeat to the just principles of democracy.” -William Lovett
- 3. Marxism Personalities: Based on Karl Marx’s communist manifesto -Jules Guesde -Benoit Malon picsicio.us unbossed.com Beliefs/Values: -Power should be decentralized -Social and Economic Equality -removal of private property Quotations: “Marxism is like the classical building that followed the renaissance, beautiful in its way but incapable of growth” -Harold Macmillin “Capital is dead labour, which vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labour, and lives the more, the more labour it sucks.” -Karl Marx This ideology could be included in the ice cream shop of liberalism if Karl Marx’s views were actually followed as it includes all four ingredients needed for liberalism.
- 5. Wants to improve all actions of workers lives
- 6. society should be classless
- 7. State directed economic equalityfaculty.evansville.edu Yes, this could be included in the liberalism ice cream store. They value improving the quality of life of the individual by making education key and improving workers lives.
- 8. Classical Conservatism Thinkers: Edmund Burke Quotations: “We owe an implicit reverence to all the institutions of our ancestors.” -Edmund Burke “In a democracy, the majority of the citizens is capable of exercising the most cruel oppressions upon the minority.” -Edmund Burke Beliefs/Values: -Society should be structured hierarchically with those with the best leadership qualities on top -Government should be chosen by a limited body with special tasks, rights, and privileges. -Leaders should be humanitarian 10000swords.wordpress.com This ideology would not be included in the ice cream shop of liberalism because it does not value every individual and most are not allowed to vote for leaders.