Luddites led by Ned Ludd destroyed industrial machinery in factories as they saw it as a threat to employment. Chartists campaigned for political reforms like universal male suffrage and voting reforms. Utopian Socialists like Robert Owen believed improving living conditions and education could create a harmonious society without classes or poverty. Marxism as developed by Karl Marx focused on public ownership of land, means of production and the abolition of private property to reduce inequality. Classical Conservatives like Edmund Burke supported hierarchy and tradition in society and government.