This PPT explains about Preoperative and intra-operative Nursing care. It explains about Hospital routine and Role of Nurse in pre-opertive and intra-operative period
Caring for perioperative clients
Contents Outline
Objectives.
Introduction.
Phases of perioperative care.
Types of surgery.
Categories of surgery based on urgency.
Preoperative assessment.
Surgical risk factors.
Preoperative preparation.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in preoperative phase.
Postoperative care.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in postoperative period.
Postoperative complications.
Caring for perioperative clients
Contents Outline
Objectives.
Introduction.
Phases of perioperative care.
Types of surgery.
Categories of surgery based on urgency.
Preoperative assessment.
Surgical risk factors.
Preoperative preparation.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in preoperative phase.
Postoperative care.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in postoperative period.
Postoperative complications.
at the end of this lecture, the learner will be able to Define the three phases of perioperative nursing.
Identify the members and functions of the surgical team.
Describe the principles of surgical asepsis.
Differentiate the three phases of post-anesthesia care.
Identify measures to manage postoperative complications.
at the end of this lecture, the learner will be able to Define the three phases of perioperative nursing.
Identify the members and functions of the surgical team.
Describe the principles of surgical asepsis.
Differentiate the three phases of post-anesthesia care.
Identify measures to manage postoperative complications.
The World Health Organisation is a global tool to ensure safety in surgery. The principles and procedures are described for how to implement it in your organisation.
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Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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2. Patient education is a vital component
of a surgical experiences pre-operative
patient education may be offered through
conversation , discussion.
The pre-operative nurse can assess
the patient knowledge and use this
information in developing a plan for an
event full pre-operative course.
3. SURGERY
Surgery is any procedure performed on the
human body that uses instruments to alter
tissue or organ integrity.
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4. PHASES OF OPERATIVE NURSING CARE
1. Pre operative nursing care
2. Intraoperative Nursing care
3. Post operative Nursing care
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5. Cont. . .
Preoperative phase – begins when the
decision to have surgery is made and ends
when the client is transferred to the OT table.
Intraoperative phase – begins when the client
is transferred to the OT table and ends when
the client is admitted to the PACU.
Postoperative phase - begins with the
admission of the client to the PACU and ends
when the healing is complete.
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6. PRE OPERATIVE NURSING
CARE
Preoperative Nursing care is the preparation
and management of a patient prior to surgery.
It includes both physical and psychological
preparation.
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7. Diagnostic :-
Determination of the presence and or extent of
the pathology.
Eg: Laparatomy.
Therapeutic :-
Elimination or repair of the pathology.
Eg: Removal of the appendix when it's inflammed,
removal of a localized cancer tissues / organs.
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Types of Surgeries
8. Cont . . .
Palliative:-
Alleviation of symptoms without curing the underlying
disease.
Eg: Rhizotomy (cutting of a nerve root) to decrease pain.
Preventative:-
Surgery to remove tissue that has the potential to become
pathologic .
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9. Cosmetic :-
The surgery is preformed for aesthetic reasons.
Eg: Repair of scars from burns or injuries, minor
cleft palate . repairs, face lifts, breast
augmentation
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12. o Current health status.
o Allergies.
o Medications- list all current medications.
o Previous surgeries.
o Understanding of the surgical procedure
and anesthesia.
o Smoking.
o Alcohol and other-altering substances.
o Social resources.
o Cultural considerations.
13. Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Renal system
Neurological system
Musculoskeletal system
Nutritional status
15. In emergency surgery, the principles of
preoperative assessment is the same
as in elective surgery.
16. Nature and intention of the surgery.
Risks, including tissue damage, disfigurement, or even death.
Possible alternative measures.
The right of the client to refuse consent or later withdraw
consent.
No relatives (MS, Self declaration & group of doctors concern)
If pt not willing & life saving inform to MS & police & surgery
can be done
Written informed consent in case of organ removal such as
nephrectomy, orchidectomy & amputation
17. CBC, Blood grouping and X-match,
Fasting blood glucose
RFT & LFT
Urinalysis
Chest X-ray
ECG
Serum electrolytes
COVID -19 test
2 D ECHO (above 60 yrs & if necessary)
As per Hospital policy & Consultant suggestions
18. PRE OPERATIVE NURSING
ROLE
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NBM (Depends on the surgery & age)
Educating the patient about the reason for NPO status
may help with adherence .
Patient will likely need to be there 1 to 2 hours prior to
scheduled procedure.(OPD Base case)
Skin Preparation (depends on surgery)
Catheterization
Bowel preparation id needed
RT insertion if needed
Nebulization should be given in case of pediatric surgeries
19. CONT . .
Instruct to take bath and prepare the patient with
cap, mask, Hospital dress & Identification tag
All investigation reports to be attached
Payment should be done prior surgery according
to hospital policy
Ornament & artificial dentures should be removed
Relative must accompany the client
Blood should be arranged for major surgeries
priorly
Weight should be mentioned in case of pediatric
Physician / Pediatric and Anesthetic fitness
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20. PREOPERATIVE MEDICATIONS
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Medications
Sedatives/hypnotics- (As per surgeon / anesthetic
instruction)
Anticholinergics-Atropine sulfate (if needed)
H2o blockers- Zantac
HT, DM & Thyroid disorder should be given morning
dose of tablet with sip of water with NBM
IV Fluids should be initiated as per doctors order while
NBM
If patient takes Tablet Aspirin should be stopped 5 days
prior to surgery
Inj. TT (0.5 ml, IM), Test dose of Inj Xylocaine(0.1ml,
23. SUMMARY
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All personal belongings are identified and secured.
Jewelry & nail polish to be removed.
Dentures are removed, labeled and placed in a denture cup.
Pt. to verbally confirm the surgical procedures and the
surgical site. This verification process is documented in the
medical record on the pre operative checklist.
Complete skin preparation in case of GA (Face)
One day priorly OT List to be sent to OT Incharge
Skin preparation to be done the night before the surgery
Catheterization to be done just before taking the client to
OT
Atleast over the phone to be informed in case of acute
emergency
27. Nursing Roles:
Staff education.
Client/family teaching.
Support and reassurance.
Advocacy.
Control of the environment.
Provision of resources.
28. Maintenance of asepsis.
Monitoring of physiologic and
psychological status.
Ensure sterility.
Alert for breaks.
31. POSITIONING THE CLIENT FOR SURGERY
The choices or position is usually determine by
surgical approach
Ideally the client position provide good asses to
the operative site and sustain adequate
circulatory respiratory function
The client comfort and safety must be consider
DOCUMENTATION OF INTRA OPERATIVE
CARE
During intra operative face the nursing staff
countinues pre operative plan e.g. strict asepsis
must be follow minimize the risk surgical wound
infection.
Full fluid infusion and monitoring of urinary
output are action the nurse takes to maintain fluid
balance.
ROLE OF NURSE IN INTRAOPERATIVE CARE
32. Role of intra operative nurse
Identification of client
Identification of operative site
Wide bore IV canalization should be checked
Investigations & reports to be collected and
verified
All equipment to be checked for its
functionality
Trolley to be prepared and instruments to be
counted
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33. Cont. .
Assist anesthetist for induction (Position, Sterility,
Medications and assist surgeon)
Post operative counting of instruments
Checklist to be filled before and after the surgery
(instruments, gauze, mops etc.)
Continuous client monitoring (Vitals)
Documentation of case file with intraoperative notes
Shifting client to PACU (Recovery room)
Depends on the condition and anaesthetist order shift
the client to post operative unit (Before shifting inform
to concerned staff)
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34. Specimen, file, reports to be handed over to
ward Nursing officer and get signature in the
register
Cleaning of all instruments and sending to
CSSD for autoclaving
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