Nursing has evolved from a dependent role providing basic care to an independent profession with its own theories, models, and interventions. The document discusses the history and concepts of nursing, including key figures like Nightingale who emphasized manipulating the patient's environment. It defines nursing as caring for people's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs. The roles and functions of nurses are also outlined, as well as the criteria that define nursing as a profession.

1. NURSING
AND NURSE
Ms. Khatija Shaikh,
ADNS, SVBCH, Silvassa

2. INTRODUCTION
The nursing profession has evolved greatly over
time, moving from dependence upon total
medical direction providing basic care into an
independent practice modality with its own nursing
theory practice, nursing models, and distinct
nursing interventions.
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3. MEANING
 Nurse originated from Latin word “Nurtix”
which means “to nourish”
 The nurse is a person who nourishes,
fosters, protects and who is prepared to
take care of sick, injured and aged
people
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4. Cont . . .
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF NURSING
• Nightingale (1860): To facilitate “the body’s reparative
processes” by manipulating client’s environment
• Peplau 1952: Nursing is; therapeutic interpersonal
process.
• Henderson 1955: The needs often called Henderson’s 14
basic needs
• Abdellah 1960: The nursing theory developed by Faye
Abdellah et al (1960) emphasizes delivering nursing care
for the whole person to meet the physical, emotional,
intellectual, social, and spiritual needs of the client and
family. 21 basic needs
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5. CONCEPTS
Nursing is caring.
Nursing is an art.
Nursing is a science.
Nursing is client centered.
Nursing is holistic.
Nursing is adaptive.
Nursing is concerned with health promotion,
health maintenance, and health restoration.
Nursing is a helping profession.
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6. Provide care
Promote Health
Prevent illness
Rehabilitate client
Make Client independent
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AIM

7. Quality of a Nurse
 N - Noble
 U - Understanding
 R - Responsible
 S - Sincere
 E - Empathetic
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8. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NURSE
• Self Confident
• Humble
• Honest
• Loyal
• Cooperative
• Good listener
• Keen observer
• Good administrator
• Good supervisor
• Impartial
• Capable to manage critical situation
• Critical thinking person
• Volunteer
• Responsible
• Accountable
• Competent
• Advocate
• Counselor
• Communicator
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9. CATEGORIES OF NURSING
PERSONNEL
• Bedside Nurse
• Public Health Nurse / Community Health Nurse
• Industrial / Occupational Health nurse
• Military Nurse
• Private Duty Nurse
• Independent Nurse Practitioner
• Clinical Specialist
• Nurse Midwife
• Nurse anesthetist
• Nurse educator
• Nurse researcher
• Nurse administrator
• Nurse entrepreneur
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10. DEFINING A PROFESSION
 Profession: A type of occupation that meets certain criteria
that raise it to a level above that of an occupation or
An occupation that requires extensive education, special
knowledge, skill, and preparation.
 Professional: a person who belongs to and practices a
profession.
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11. Criteria of a Profession
1. Specialized education.
2. Body of knowledge.
3. Ongoing research.
4. Code of ethics.
5. Autonomy: is a state of independent and
self directed with out any control from out
side.
6. Service orientation
7. Professional organization.
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12. VALUES
 A value is a personal belief about the worth of
a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that
sets standards that influence behavior.
 Values are enduring beliefs or attitudes about
the worth of a person, object, idea, or action.
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13. Types
1. Personal Values:
Although people derive values from society and their
individual subgroups, they internalize some or all of
these values as personal values. People need
societal values to feel accepted, and they need
personal values to have a sense of individuality.
2. Professional Values:
Nurses’ professional values are acquired during
socialization into nursing from codes of ethics,
nursing experiences, teachers, and peers. The
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
(AACN, 2008) identified five values essential for the
professional nurse: altruism, autonomy, human
dignity, integrity, and social justice
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14. Essential Nursing Values
 Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. In professional
practice, altruism is reflected by the nurse’s concern for the welfare of
patients, other nurses, and other health care providers.
 Autonomy is the right to self-determination. Professional practice reflects
autonomy when the nurse respects patients’ rights to make decisions about
their health care.
 Human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals
and populations. In professional practice, human dignity is reflected when
the nurse
values and respects all patients and colleagues.
 Integrity is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and
accepted standards of practice. Integrity is reflected in professional
practice when the nurse is honest and provides care based on an ethical
framework that is accepted within the profession.
 Social justice is acting in accordance with fair treatment regardless of
economic status, race, ethnicity, age,citizenship, disability, or sexual
orientation.
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15. ETHICS IN NURSING
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Meaning of ethics
 Ethics are norms for conduct that
distinguish between or acceptable and
unacceptable behavior.
 Another way of defining 'ethics' focuses
on the disciplines that study standards of
conduct, such as philosophy, theology,
law, psychology, or sociology.

16. Definition
 Ethics is the study of conduct and
character. It is concerned with
determining what is good or valuable for
individuals, for groups of individuals, and
for society at large.
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17. Cont . . .
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There are three primary ethical principles in
human subjects research. They are
 Autonomy – respect for human dignity
 Beneficence –above all do no harm
 Justice - equality in distribution
 Fidelity - act honestly; keep promises
 Nonmaleficence - Avoid causing harm

18. Defining Unprofessional Conduct
 Unprofessional conduct includes disruptive and
intimidating behaviors that interrupt teamwork
and undermine safe care.
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Overt behaviors:
 Verbal abuse
 Shaming in front of others
 Scapegoating (someone who is assigned the blame or
made to take the fall for something)
 Belittling (means to speak about someone or something
in a way to make it seem less important)
 Physical threats/ throwing objects

19. CONT. . .
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Passive behaviors:
 Refusing to answer questions or return calls
 Backstabbing (Speaking at the back)
 Withholding information
 Recruiting others to take a side
 Undermining (to make someone less confident,
less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to
make something)
 Retaliation (the act of hurting someone
or doing something harmful to someone
because they have done or said something
harmful to you)

20. THANK YOU
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