The document discusses different types of operating systems: 1. Batch operating systems where users submit jobs offline and jobs are run in batches. 2. Time-sharing operating systems allow multiple users to use a computer simultaneously by quickly switching between users. 3. Distributed operating systems use multiple connected processors to serve real-time applications and users across different locations.

2. .
Operating
system

3. CLASS : B.C.S.F.Y.
SUBJECT :
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL
SUBJECT TEACHER :
Mr. Nandankar D.M.
SHIVCHHATRAPATI COLLEGE

4.  JAYASHRI WARE
 SONALI JAVARE
 MAYURI TAUR

5.  An operating system is a set of system
programs which provides a number of
facilities to user to allow easy use of the
computer.

6.  Operating system is a system software.
 It coordinates between hardware and
software.
 It controls and manages resources.
 It executes programs on behalf of users.

7.  Once the operating system is turned on , it
manages all the software and hardware on
the computer .
 Most of the time , there are many different
programs running in the computer
simultaneously , and they all need to access
your computer’s CPU , memory and storage .
 The operating system co ordinates all of this
to make sure that each program gets what it
needs .

9.  Booting is the process that occurs when
you press the power button to turn your
computer on .
 During this process the computer does the
several things :
 It runs tests to make sure everything is
working correctly .
 It checks for new hardware .
 It then starts up the operating system .

10. THEREARE TWOTYPESOF BOOTING:
 1: Warm booting : when the system start
from the starting or from initial state means
when we start our system this is called warm
booting .
 In the warm booting the system will be started
from its beginning state means first of all , the
user the user will press the power button ,
then this will read all the instructions from the
ROM and the operating system will be
automatically gets loaded into the system .

11.  The cold booting is that in which system
automatically starts when we are running
the system .
 For ex. Due to light fluctuation the system
will automatically restarts so that this
chances damaging of system are more
and the system will not be start from its
initial state so may some files will be
damaged because they are not properly
stored into the system .

14. 1. Manage the computer’s resources , such as the central
processing unit, memory , disk drives , and printers.
2. Establish a user interface .
3. Execute and provide services for applications
software .

15. 

16.  Act as an interface between the user and the computer.
 To monitor the use of the resources of computer (resources can be
hardware or software)
 To control and coordinate Input and Output devices.
 It manages the programs and data files i.e. to store, to retrieve ,to delete
files.
 Helps the application programs execute commands given by the user.

18. I. Batch operating system
II. Time sharing operating system
III. Distributed operating system
IV. Network operating system
V. Real time operating system

19.  The users of batch operating system do not
interact with the computer directly .
 Each user prepares his job on an offline
device like punch card and submit it to the
computer operator.
 To speed up processing job with similar
needs are batched together and run as a
group.
 thus programmer left their programs with the
operator

21.  Lack of interaction between the user and
job .
 CPU is often idle , because the speed of the
mechanical I/O devices are slower than CPU.
 Difficult to provide desired priority .

22.  Time sharing is a technique which enables
many peoples , located at various terminals ,
to use a particular computer system at the
same time .
 Time sharing or multitasking is a logical
extension of multiprogramming .
 Processors time which is share among
multiple users simultaneously is term as time
-sharing .

24. Advantages :
 provides advantage of quick response.
 Avoids duplication of software.
 Reduces CPU idle time.
Disadvantages :
 Problem of reliability .
 Question of security and integrity of user
programs and data.
 Problem of data communication .

25.  Distributed operating system use multiple
central processors to serve multiple real time
application and multiple users .
 The processor communicate with one
another through various communications line
(such as high speed buses or telephone line).
 Processors in distributed system may vary in
size and function.
 This processors are referred as sites , nodes
and computers and so on .

27.  Better service to the customers.
 Speed up the exchange of data with one
another via electronic mail.
 Reduction of the load on the host computer.
 Reduction of delays in the data processing .
 If one site fails in a distributed system , the
remaining sites can potentially continue
operating .

28.  Network operating system runs on a server
and provides server the capability to manage
data , users , groups , security , applications
and other networking functions .
 This primary purpose of the network
operating system is to allow shared file and
pointer access among multiple computers in
a network typically a local area network
(LAN).
 Ex. UNIX ,Linux ,Mac OSX ,BSD

30. Advantages:
 Security is server managed .
 Remote access to server is possible from
different locations and type of system .
 Upgrades to new technologies and hardware can
be easily integrated into the system .
Disadvantages:
 High cost of buying and running a server .
 Dependency on a central location for most
operations .
 Regular maintenance and updates are required.

31.  Real time is define as data processing
system in which the time interval required to
process and respond to inputs is so small that
it controls the environment .
 Real time system can be used as a control
device in dedicated application.
 Ex . Scientific experiment , medical
imaging system , industrial control system ,
weapon system , robots and home –
appliance controllers , air traffic control
system etc

33. 1. Hard real time system :
In hard real time systems secondary
storage is limited or missing with data stored
in ROM .Hard real time system guarantee
that critical tasks complete on time .
2. Soft real time system :
Soft real time systems are less
restrictive . It has limited utility than hard
real time system .
For ex. Multimedia , advanced scientific
projects like under sea exploration and