The document discusses the evolving role of design in society and the emergence of 'open design,' which emphasizes transparency, collaboration, and reusability, contrasting it with traditional design practices. It explores the implications of this shift for co-design and questions whether open design is a threat or a necessity for innovation and problem-solving in design. Additionally, the document highlights the socio-technical developments driven by digital technology that support decentralized, collaborative approaches in design.

1. Open
Source
in
Design
Threat
or
Necessity
for
Design
In
its
Role
for
Problem
Solving
and
Innova>on?
Peter
Troxler,
Research
Professor

2. Abstract
• Design
is
becoming
more
important
across
society,
and
with
it
design
as
a
profession
and
professional
designers:
there
is
Design
Thinking
in
business,
Co-­‐
Design
in
the
public
sector;
and
design
is
geIng
a
place
in
research
and
educa>on.
This
is
reflected
in
many
ini>a>ves,
of
which
PROUD
is
an
important
example.
The
European
Design
Leadership
Board’s
recommenda>on
to
the
EU
reflects
these
developments.
• At
the
same
>me
there
are
socio-­‐technical
developments
that
build
on
the
possibili>es
of
digital
and
In-­‐
ternet
technology
that
require
liRle
central
control
and
allow
lateral
par>cipa>on
and
collabora>on.
Wiki-­‐
pedia,
social
media
and
YouTube
are
a
few
examples
of
such
developments.
This
development
towards
lateral
power
is
at
the
core
of
the
current
Third
Industrial
Revolu>on.
• In
design,
the
no>on
of
‘open
design’
has
emerged,
which
denotes
a
departure
from
authori>es
of
de-­‐
sign
to
design
that
builds
upon
transparency,
collabora>on
and
reusability
beyond
selected
and
selec>ve
membership.
In
my
talk
I
will
inves>gate
whether
this
development
can
be
instrumental
to
co-­‐design,
or
whether
co-­‐design
will
have
to
adopt
the
no>on
‘open’
to
remain
relevant:
is
‘open
design’
a
threat
to
design
in
its
role
of
problem
solving
and
innova>on
or
a
necessity?

3. Outline
1. Design
is
becoming
more
important
– Design
Thinking,
Co-­‐Design,
…
2. “Digital
Revolu>on”
– Wikipedia,
YouTube,
…
3. Co-­‐Design
vs.
Open
Design
– AND,
OR,
XOR?

4. 1
Design
is
becoming
more
important.

6. 1. Differentiating
European design
innovation on the
global stage
2. Positioning design
within the European
innovation system
3. Design for innovative
and competitive
enterprises
4. Design for an
innovative public sector
5. Positioning Design
Research for the 21st
century
6. Design competencies
for the 21st century

7. 3. Work towards zero tolerance of
infringement. This requires
legislative revision, through the
inclusion of a ‘Duty of Care’ for
shared responsibilities on IPR
protection across the digital
value chain. Set up a specific EU
Tribunal /Court for European IP
cases and promote and increase
the training of judges in
national courts, in relation to
the protection of Intellectual
Property Rights in the physical
world and online.

8. 8. Create guidelines, codes of
practice, legal frameworks and
experimental spaces to promote
the use of Open Design.

9. 2
“Digital
Revolu>on”.

10. “Digital
Revolu>on”
There
are
a
few
problems
with
that
term
• Revolu>on
– French,
Russian,
Industrial,
…
• Digital
– everything
going
digital?
digital
invading
everything?
…

11. “Industrial
Revolu>on”
There
are
a
few
problems
with
that
term,
too
• industrial
revolu>ons
– stable
economies
certainly
19th
century,
see
Polany,
The
Great
Transforma7on,
1944
• revolu>on
– but
not
100
%
displacement
or
was
that
really
a
characteris7c
of
poli7cal
revolu7ons?

12. 12,800,000
results
1,820,000
blogs
17,300,000
videos
519,000
discussions
3,070,000
books

13. Industrial
Revolu>on
• Neil
Gershenfeld,
2005:
Fab.
The
Coming
Revolu>on
on
Your
Desktop
• Jeremy
Rifin,
2011:
The
Third
Industrial
Revolu>on.
How
Lateral
Power
is
Transforming
Energy,
the
Economy,
and
the
World.
• Chris
Anderson,
2012:
Makers:
The
New
Industrial
Revolu>on
• Peter
Marsh,
2012:
The
New
Industrial
Revolu>on:
Consumers,
Globaliza>on
and
the
End
of
Mass
Produc>on

14. Jeremy
Rifin
1st
revolu>on
Automa>c
prin>ng
press
Steam-­‐powered
technology
19th
century
3rd
revolu>on
Internet
Renewable
energy
21st
century
2nd
revolu>on
Electrical
communica>on
Oil-­‐powered
combus>on
engine
20th
century

15. hRp://ec.europa.eu/avservices/video/player.cfm?sitelang=en&ref=85716

16. Jeremy
Rifin
[T]he
conven>onal
top-­‐down
organiza>on
of
society
that
characterized
much
of
the
economic,
social,
and
poli>cal
life
of
the
fossil-­‐fuel
based
industrial
revolu>ons
is
giving
way
to
distributed
and
collabora>ve
rela>onships
in
the
emerging
green
industrial
era.
We
are
in
the
midst
of
a
profound
shio
in
the
very
way
society
is
structured,
away
from
hierarchical
power
and
toward
lateral
power.
Ri>in
2011,
p.
36f.

17. 1st
revolu>on
Automa>c
prin>ng
press
Steam-­‐powered
technology
19th
century
3rd
revolu>on
Internet
Renewable
energy
21st
century
2nd
revolu>on
Electrical
communica>on
Oil-­‐powered
combus>on
engine
20th
century
©
2010
Kevin
Dooley,
cc-­‐by
©
1968,
Elgin
County
Archives,
St.
Thomas
Times-­‐Journal
fonds
©
2011
Waag
Society,
cc-­‐by-­‐nc-­‐nd

18. 1st
revolu>on
Automa>c
prin>ng
press
Steam-­‐powered
technology
19th
century
3rd
revolu>on
Internet
Renewable
energy
21st
century
2nd
revolu>on
Electrical
communica>on
Oil-­‐powered
combus>on
engine
20th
century
©
1907
E.A.
Thomson
BuRe-­‐Silver
Bow
Public
Library
©
2009
mars_discovery_district,
cc-­‐by-­‐nc-­‐
sa
©
2011
adafruit,
cc-­‐by-­‐nc-­‐sa

19. • Icon
steam
engine
>
conveyor
belt
>
3D
printer
• Actor
capitalist
>
management
consultant
>
maker
• Structure
pa>archical
>
hierarchical
>
lateral
• Supply
Chain
colonial
>
global
>
con>nental
/
regional

20. • Transport
railway
>
automobile
&
air
travel
>
???
• Ci>es
crowded
inner
ci>es
>
suburbia
>
???
• Social
working
class
>
middle
class
>
???
• Consump>on
consume
>
mass
consump>on
>
prosumer

21. • Media
newspaper
>
radio
>
social
media,
UGC?
• Encyclopedia
Diderot
>
Britannica
>
Wikipedia
• Sooware
electromechanical
(?)
>
proprietary
>
open
source?
• Design
crao
>
design
>
open
design?
crao
>
design
>
co-­‐design?

22. 3
Co-­‐Design
vs.
Open
Design

24. P.
J.
Stappers,
et
al.
(2011).
Crea7on
&
Co:
User
Par7cipa7on
in
Design.
In:
van
Abel
et
al.
(eds.)
Open
Design
Now.
Amsterdam:
BIS.

25. PJ
Stappers
&Co
E.
B.
N.
Sanders
and
P.
J.
Stappers,
“Co-­‐crea7on
and
the
new
landscapes
of
design,”
CoDesign,
Mar.
2008.

26. Open
Design
“Defini>on”
Open Design is a design artifact project whose
source documentation is made publicly available so
that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make,
prototype and sell the artifact based on that
design.!
!
(…)!
!
Design also means the design process of developing
an Open Design project.Open Design does not refer to
and is not defined by a specific design process.
Most of the time the design process of an Open
Design project will not be documented and therefore
there is no need to publish this documentation.!
!
(…)!
h[ps://github.com/OpenDesign-­‐WorkingGroup/Open-­‐Design-­‐Defini7on/blob/master/open.design_defini7on/open.design.defini7on.md

27. From
Open
Design
Now
1. Analogy
to
open
source
sooware
and
its
‘low-­‐IP’
regime—freely
accessible
blueprints
in
analogy
to
source
code,
and
the
four
freedoms
of
open
source
sooware
(use,
modify,
share,
and
fork).
2. Aspects
of
design
prac>ce—collabora>ve
crea>on
and
inquiry,
and
the
disappearing
dis>nc>on
between
professionals
and
amateurs.
Open
design
promotes
the
unprecedented
sharing
of
knowledge
between
the
professional
and
amateur
designer,
breaking
down
unnecessary
barriers.
(Atkinson)
Open
design
is
a
specific
approach
to
design,
in
which
a
group
of
intrinsically
mo7vated
people
from
various
backgrounds
develop
design
opportuni7es
and
solu7ons
together
in
an
open
community,
based
on
respect
for
each
other's
skills
and
exper7se.
(Humels).
3. How
open
design
would
change
tradi>onal
ver>cal
value
chains
formed
by
designer-­‐manufacturer-­‐distributor-­‐consumer
rela>onships
trough
fabrica>on
on
demand
or
one
man
factories
Rooted
in
informa7on
and
communica7on
technology,
[open
design]
gives
us
all
the
instruments
to
become
the
one-­‐man
factory,
the
world
player
opera7ng
from
a
small
back
room.
(S7kker)
The
open
design
model
diminishes
the
tradi7onal
ver7cal
value
chain
that
is
formed
by
designer-­‐manufacturer-­‐distributor-­‐consumer
rela7onships
and
offers
an
alterna7ve,
open
web
of
direct
links
between
designers
and
consumers.
(Avital)

28. C!
D! U!
C!D!
U!
CUD!
DUC!
UDC!
The Old View" Co-­Creation" Open Design"

30. C!
D! U!
The Old View"
C!D!
U!
Co-­Creation"
CUD!
DUC!
UDC!
Open Design"

31. C!D!
U!
Co-­Creation"
?"C!
D! U!
The Old View"
CUD!
DUC!
UDC!
Open Design"

32. 1. Differentiating
European design
innovation on the
global stage
2. Positioning design
within the European
innovation system
3. Design for innovative
and competitive
enterprises
4. Design for an
innovative public sector
5. Positioning Design
Research for the 21st
century
6. Design competencies
for the 21st century

34. e
peter@square-­‐1.eu
t
@trox
s
petertroxler