Open Design will affect the design profession- the cat is out of the bag in terms of Distributed Digital Manufacturing (e.g. 3D Printing), what is the role of the designer when people can design for themselves? Are we doomed to 'Lasercrud' products, or can design offer new ways to collaboratively design, or nurture design and innovation from Lead Users? (von Hippel, 2005) These slides were used to present to second year undergraduate students on the Product Design BA course at Sheffield Hallam University in the UK.

1. The Impact of 3D printing, DIY,
The Impact of 3D printing, DIY,
Hacking and Open Design on
Hacking and Open Design on
future design practice
future design practice
matt . dexter @ shu . ac . uk

2. ddm?

4. We
have
been
here
before

5. Kinda...

7. DTP
By now virtually everyone has heard the term, "desktop
publishing," which is the current buzz-word for producing
documents with almost typeset quality using equipment that can
sit on a desktop. While the term is a misnomer - the equipment
does not really publish desktops, nor does it actually "publish"
from a desktop...
Bowman & Renshaw, 1989

8. DTp?
By now virtually everyone has heard the term, "3D Printing," which
is the current buzz-word for producing artefacts with almost
traditionally manufactured quality using equipment that can sit on a
desktop. While the term is a misnomer - the equipment does not
really print in 3D...

9. design response
Ehn & Kyng, 1991

10. Ehn & Kyng, 1991

11. Ehn & Kyng, 1991

12. Ehn & Kyng, 1991

13. Ehn & Kyng, 1991

14. participatory design
•
•
•
Design as mediator for change
Collaboration with affected creatives, and managers
Democratisation of DTP; not solely the preserve of
‘professionals’ (Bowman & Renshaw, 1989)

15. participatory design
There are moral and pragmatic reasons to include people in the
development of products that will affect their lives.
Carroll & Rosson, 2007

16. opportunities
( Design )
When the novice takes a seat in front of a microcomputer which
is equipped with a powerful page layout software package full of
fonts, type sizes, and graphics capabilities, creating an extremely
garbled document cluttered with junk - lasercrud - becomes a
possibility...
Bowman & Renshaw, 1989

17. lasercrud?

18. 3D printing
•
•
You’re (probably) not out of a job
But what is your job?

19. mass
customisation

20. open
design

21. definition
Personalised products
Maker / co designer
Interactive digital design
& fabrication process
Community / co designer
adapted from Orchestral Manoeuvres In Design, (Atkinson, 2011)

22. enablers
•
Internet
Web 2.0 - Collaborative - Social
•
Distributed Digital Manufacture
3D Printing

23. where?
fab lab

24. where?
hackerspace

25. where?
diy

26. 4x freedoms
“The freedom to use the design, including making items based on
it, for any purpose... The freedom to study how the design works,
and change it to make it do what you wish.”
Katz, 2011

27. issues
•
Copyright
IP, Patents, etc... who gets paid, and for what?
•
Reliability
ISO, EU, BSI standardisation. How do you standardise open?
•
Business
Linked to point 1- making money & running a businesses...

28. copyright
•
Standard copyright
‘I reserve all rights.’ Lasts 70 years after author’s death
•
Creative Commons
‘I reserve some / no rights’. Based on copyright legislation
•
GPL - Copyleft
‘Share this as I share’ - Reciprocity... anti-business*
*Pearson (2000)

29. The New Design*
•
Going beyond mass customisation...
Making design open
•
Engaging users & consumers...
Designing design toolkits
•
Rethinking Innovation...
Emphasis on systems rather than ‘product’
*Adapted from Press (2011) - emphasis mine

30. brave new world
•
Using designerly thinking* to imagine new systems,
environments and ‘ecosystems’ to enable design activity
•
Collaborating with participants in these environments to
create artefacts for distributed manufacture
*Cross, 2007

31. brave new world
•
•
Designer as conductor[1]
Designer as a designer of tool kits[2] for innovation[3]
[1] Atkinson, 2011
Press, 2011
[3] von Hippel, 2005
[2]

32. References
-
ATKINSON, P (2011). Orchestral Manoeuvres In Design. In:Van Abel, B (et al), Open Design Now Amsterdam, BIS Publishers.
-
BOWMAN, J. P., & RENSHAW, D. A. (1989). Desktop Publishing: Things Gutenberg Never Taught You. Journal of Business Communication, 26(1),
57–77. doi:10.1177/002194368902600105
-
CARROLL, J., & ROSSON, M. (2007). Participatory design in community informatics. Design Studies, 28(3), 243–261. doi:10.1016/j.destud.
2007.02.007
-
EHN, P., & KYNG, M. (1991). Cardboard Computers: Mocking-it-up or Hands-on the Future. In Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer
Systems (pp. 169–196). New York: CRC Press.
-
KATZ, A (2011). Authors and Owners. In:Van Abel, B (et al), Open Design Now Amsterdam, BIS Publishers.
-
PEARSON, H. E. (2000). OPEN SOURCE LICENCES. Computer Law & Security Review, 16(3), 151–156. doi:10.1016/S0267-3649(00)88906-2
-
PRESS, M (2011). Working the Crowd: Crowdsourcing as a Strategy for Co-Design. In: COOPER, R, JUNGINGER, S & LOCKWOOD, T (eds) The
Handbook of Design Management. New York, Berg, 512-531
-
VON HIPPEL, E. (2005). Democratizing Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management (Vol. 23, p. 204). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Retrieved from http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2006.00192_2.x