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Can a Greener Internet Help Us Moderate Climate Change?Larry Smarr
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Recording of the seminar talk on YouTube: https://youtu.be/HpGfNzPTKHI
Can a Greener Internet Help Us Moderate Climate Change?Larry Smarr
09.05.13
High Definition Remote Presentation to the
Monash Undergraduate Research Projects Abroad (MURPA) Program, located at Monash University, Australia
Title: Can a Greener Internet Help Us Moderate Climate Change?
La Jolla, CA
Can a Greener Internet Help Us Moderate Climate Change?Larry Smarr
09.04.25
Calit2 / Institute for the Future
Strategic Planning Retreat on Green IT
Title: Can a Greener Internet Help Us Moderate Climate Change?
La Jolla, CA
Quantum Computing - History and Prospects (ppt slides)VGG Consulting
PowerPoint presentation slides containing a general overview of Quantum Computing its origin, history, and prospects presented on Dec. 14th, 2018 at the weekly seminar of the Ronin Institute for Independent Scholars (http://ronininstitute.org/).
Recording of the seminar talk on YouTube: https://youtu.be/HpGfNzPTKHI
Can we hack open source #cloud platforms to help reduce emissions?Tom Raftery
Cloud computing is changing our lives but this change comes with a cost - pollution.
Can we hack open source cloud platforms to make them report their energy and (more importantly) their emissions, so we can choose the cleanest cloud?
Video of this talk is now online at http://redmonk.com/tv/2012/10/24/can-we-hack-open-source-cloud-platforms-to-help-reduce-emissions/
An overview session on Grid Computing conducted in a AICTE approved STTP Virtualization, Cloud Computing and Big Data at Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai between December 9 and 20, 2013. About 53 participants from various colleges across the state attended it. Courtesy: Consolidation from Internet.
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Can we hack open source cloud platforms to help reduce emissions? cloudstack collab
1. Can we hack open
source #cloud platforms
to help reduce
emissions?
Tom Raftery
cloudstack collaboration conference 2012,
Las Vegas
1
Saturday 1 December 12
2. Tom Raftery
• Lead analyst, energy and
sustainability practice,
RedMonk
• CIX, Chip & Zenith
• GreenMonk.net
• twitter.com/tomraftery
• tom@redmonk.com
• +34 677 695 468
• SlideShare.net/TomRaftery
2
Saturday 1 December 12
CIX, Chip & Zenith - involvement with Cloud, going back to mid 90’s
3. Data?
http://www.wspenvironmental.com/media/docs/ourlocations/usa/NRDC-WSP_Cloud_Computing.pdf
3
Saturday 1 December 12
WSP Environmental & NRDC report on cloud says cloud can reduce emissions - good
However:
Lots of assumptions
No real data
4. Garret FitzGerald 1926-2011
4
Saturday 1 December 12
Unlikely politician - highly intelligent academic, unimpeachable integrity, head in the clouds(!)
5. Garret FitzGerald
Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/caribb/5391899550/
5
Saturday 1 December 12
Before he became a politician -
In 1949 analyzed the earliest published Aeroflot timetables, and produced one of the first accurate
estimations of the size of Russia's airliner fleet - previously a closely guarded secret
6. Garret FitzGerald
Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/steve_brace/2568478072/
6
Saturday 1 December 12
KGB thought he was a spy!
And look an image with KGB logo - and a sleeping cat!
Proving there’s no such thing as security by obscurity & the internet rocks!
7. Cloud problem
No transparency
7
Saturday 1 December 12
8. Problem
http://greenmonk.net/2011/07/21/carbon-disclosure-projects-emissions-reduction-claims-for-cloud-computing-are-flawed/
8
Saturday 1 December 12
Something I have been blogging about for quite a while
9. Problem
http://greenmonk.net/2012/01/09/is-cloud-computing-green/
9
Saturday 1 December 12
And giving conference talks about it as well
10. Problem
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/technology/data-centers-waste-vast-amounts-of-energy-belying-industry-image.html
10
Saturday 1 December 12
Data centers use vast amounts of electricity
Typically only 6-12% of the electricity powering their servers goes to perform computations - McKinsey &
Co.
Rest used to keep servers idling and ready in case of a surge in activity - dynamic provisioning - i.e. the
elastic in ec2!
11. Energy ≠ Emissions
11
Saturday 1 December 12
NYT article was good but concentrated on energy
Bear in mind that energy use and emissions are not necessarily related
Energy is not a proxy for emissions
12. Facebook
Photo http://www.facebook.com/album.php?id=193287527693&aid=183026
12
Saturday 1 December 12
A practical example of this is...
Prineville site
Open Compute - open sourced the design of DC & hardware!
13. Energy
“As of the end of Q3 2011, the Prineville data center
had a power usage effectiveness (PUE) of 1.08...
much lower than the industry standard of 1.5.
Facebook’s energy consumption per unit of computing
power has declined by 38%”
http://opencompute.org/about/energy-efficiency/
13
Saturday 1 December 12
14. Emissions
http://www.pacificorp.com/es/mining.html
14
Saturday 1 December 12
58% of its energy from coal
12% from gas
=> over 70% from fossil fuel directly.
22.5% is purchased from other suppliers so could also be fossil fuel.
15. Dublin
http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2011/08/07/lightning-in-dublin-knocks-amazon-microsoft-data-centers-offline/
15
Saturday 1 December 12
Microsoft
Amazon
Google
IBM
SunGard
Digital Realty Trust
All have significant DC’s in Dublin
16. Emissions
Ireland sources 84% of electricity from fossil fuels
http://www.eirgrid.com/operations/systemperformancedata/electricitystatistics/
16
Saturday 1 December 12
17. Emissions
UK sources >90% of its electricity from fossil fuels
https://restats.decc.gov.uk/cms/national-renewables-statistics/
17
Saturday 1 December 12
“Renewables contribution to UK electricity generation was 9.4% in 2011”
18. Emissions
http://www.pacificorp.com/es/mining.html
18
Saturday 1 December 12
The carbon intensity of a data center’s electricity is more important than it’s efficiency!
19. Cloud providers
19
Saturday 1 December 12
Partial list of cloud companies
20. Clean cloud providers
20
Saturday 1 December 12
Rackspace’s UK data center runs on 100% renewable power
Google have large renewable investments and their operations are carbon neutral
21. Clean cloud providers
21
Saturday 1 December 12
Greenqloud are based in Iceland where elec is 100% renewable
22. Clean cloud providers
http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/sustainable-energy/
22
Saturday 1 December 12
Amazon claim 0 carbon for two of their regions
23. Clean cloud providers
https://twitter.com/jeffbarr/status/251306461836222464
23
Saturday 1 December 12
but demur when asked to back up the claim
How can we verify it is true?
*Sound of crickets chirping*
26. Cloud emissions data
providers
http://www.sapsustainabilityreport.com/greenhouse-gas-footprint
26
Saturday 1 December 12
This is as granular as the data gets!
27. Cloud emissions data
providers
http://www.salesforce.com/company/sustainability/savings.jsp
27
Saturday 1 December 12
Completely inaccurate depending on where in EU on premise is being hosted
If hosted in France or Spain with low carbon intensity - move to Salesforce could increase emissions
Wothout Salesforce emissions data, how do we know?
28. Cloud emissions data
providers
http://www.salesforce.com/company/sustainability/impact.jsp
28
Saturday 1 December 12
Reports 2 weeks late
Gives data for carbon saved, not carbon emitted
29. Cloud emissions data
providers
http://my.greenqloud.com
29
Saturday 1 December 12
Also publishing CO2 savings, as opposed to emissions
31. Why don’t they?
Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/nathanmarciniak/2207977707/
31
Saturday 1 December 12
Hide their emissions
32. Why don’t they?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jwgreen/340528570/
32
Saturday 1 December 12
Lack of reporting standards
33. Outcome
“If you can’t measure it, you
can’t manage it”
33
Saturday 1 December 12
Lack of focus on emissions => increased emissions
34. Reminder
A quick recap of 2012 so far...
34
Saturday 1 December 12
35. Recap
35
Saturday 1 December 12
In
the
third
quarter
alone,
crop
produc2on
dropped
$12
billion
“due
to
this
summer’s
severe
heat
and
drought.”
Drop
in
US
farm
inventories
was
so
sharp
in
the
last
quarter
that
it
wiped
0.2%
off
of
U.S.
GDP
in
the
latest
revision.
In
Texas,
the
drought
has
killed
more
than
300
million
trees.
Nearly
98%
of
Nebraska
is
in
extreme
to
excep2onal
drought
—
3
months
ago,
none
of
it
was!
hSp://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/30/929381/epic-‐dust-‐bowl-‐of-‐2012-‐con2nues/
36. Recap
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/27/us-usa-wildfires-idUSBRE85L1DD20120627 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19433715
36
Saturday 1 December 12
One of the worst wildfire seasons on record
Wildfires in US and EU
38. Recap
http://phys.org/news/2012-11-sea-levels-faster-ipcc.html
38
Saturday 1 December 12
Sea-levels rising 60% faster than IPCC projections
28 November in journal Environmental Research Letters
rate of 3.2mm/year compared to 2mm/year in IPCC report
39. Recap
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/02/us-usa-weather-records-idUSBRE8611EL20120702
39
Saturday 1 December 12
From June 25th - July 1st 2012 in US 2,171 US records broken or matched
In June 2012 that number is 3,215
40. Recap
http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/
40
Saturday 1 December 12
Huge issues of ice loss in the arctic
41. Recap
http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/
41
Saturday 1 December 12
Lack of focus on emissions => increased emissions
42. Recap
http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/
42
Saturday 1 December 12
Minimum was 760,000 square kilometers (293,000 square miles) below previous record minimum extent
in the satellite record, which occurred on September 18, 2007. This is an area about the size of the state
of Texas.
3.29 million square kilometers (1.27 million square miles) below the 1979 to 2000 average minimum,
representing an area nearly twice the size of the state of Alaska
18% below 2007 and 49% below the 1979 to 2000 average
43. Recap
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YegdEOSQotE
43
Saturday 1 December 12
That’s not to mention the issue of arctic methane - what its effects will be are, as yet, unknown (but they
won’t be good!)
44. Recap
http://www.unep.org/newscentre/Default.aspx?DocumentID=2698&ArticleID=9338&l=en
44
Saturday 1 December 12
Not factored into emissions accounting or climate models before now
Can lead to infrastructure failure
climate projections indicate substantial loss of permafrost by 2100
Positive feedback
45. Cloud?
Cloud computing’s emissions don’t directly cause all these
issues.
But they do play a significant part.
45
Saturday 1 December 12
46. Solution?
Open Source
46
Saturday 1 December 12
Here’s where we can help
49. Solution?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dixieroadrash/3769522479/
49
Saturday 1 December 12
Get the update accepted back into the core
50. Solution?
http://www.amee.com/products/
50
Saturday 1 December 12
Companies like AMEE already provide API’s for this kind of info
51. Solution?
http://www.eucalyptus.com/about/customers
51
Saturday 1 December 12
And thus distributed with next update
52. Solution?
http://www.cloudstack.org/users.html
52
Saturday 1 December 12
And thus distributed with next update
53. Solution?
http://www.openstack.org/foundation/companies/
53
Saturday 1 December 12
And thus distributed with next update
54. btw
https://www.mastodonc.com/dashboard
54
Saturday 1 December 12
The Mastodon C dashboard gives stats on emissions from various cloud providers - in case you’re
interested in keeping your cloud emissions down.
Lot of it is guestimated data - need real data.
55. Carbon
http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/sustainability/publications/low-carbon-economy-index/index.jhtml
55
Saturday 1 December 12
PwC - largest of the "Big Four" accountancy firms
2012 carbon report found CO2 emissions reductions of 0.8% from 2000-2011
To stop Global Warming exceeding 2C
Need to reduce CO2 emissions by 5.1% every year until 2050
56. Good News
http://www.flickr.com/photos/traftery/7202866726/
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Jim Hagemann Snabe - co-CEO of SAP
Wants SAP to be “a leader in this space”
57. Good News
http://solidfire.com/fueled-by-solidfire/cloudsigma/
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Robert Jenkins, CEO of CloudSigma (Swiss based Carbon Neutral cloud co.)
Getting ready to implement this
58. Good News
http://my.greenqloud.com
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GreenQloud are going to contribute their code to CloudStack in Q2 next year
59. Conclusion
Adding emissions metrics & reporting to
cloud computing will help reduce emissions.
Question is - is anyone up for it?
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60. Thanks!
Contact information:
Tom Raftery
Principal Analyst, Energy & Sustainability, RedMonk
Tom@redmonk.com,
GreenMonk.net,
Twitter.com/tomraftery
+34 677 695 468
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