Chapter-1 Introduction 1.0 BACKGROUND Content in Time New Roman, Size 12 Fig. 1.1: Effect of fragmentation on the cost of drilling, blasting, loading and hauling.[Source: Wyllie and Mah(2005)] Drilling and blasting costs can account for up to 25% of a project's overall production cost. Despite this, the planning and execution of a blast is rarely given the attention it deserves in our country. Drilling and blasting executed properly can significantly contribute to profitability of the mine, thus these parameters must be optimized. The term optimization refers to attaining the best possible result, i.e., achieving the maximum or minimum value of the operating parameters. Blasting optimization is influenced by a number of complex aspects such as the rock, explosive, initiation, drill-hole characteristics, and their layout. Drilling optimization is mainly influenced by the rock characteristics, target production and drilling equipment characteristics. The current research is a step toward building a rudimentary model with simple procedures that the mining industry may use to improve blasthole drilling performance.

1. UNDERGROUND
MININING
Presented by: MD MOJAHIDUL ISLAM
Course Name: MINING METHOD
Submission Date: 2021-09-28
School of mines,CUMT

2. WHAT IS UNDERGROUND
MININING

3. WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF UNDERGROUND
MINING?
Three classes:
1. Unsupported,
2. Supported,
3. Caving methods
What are the fourmaintypes of mining? miningmethods: underground,
opensurface (pit), placer, andin-situmining
The American Geosciences web site defines fourmain.
•Undergroundmines are more expensiveand are often used to reach
deeper deposits.
•Surface mines are typicallyused for more shallowand lessvaluable deposit

4. What are the 2 main types of
mining?
1. Surface mining
2. Subsurface
(underground)mining
85% of minerals (excluding petroleum and
natural gas) in the United States, including 98%
of metallic ores.
Surface mining
Subsurface mining

5. Types of Equipment Used In
Underground Mining:

6. Underground hard-rock
mining
A 3D diagram of a modern underground mine with shaft
access

7. Underground hard-rock mining refers to various
underground mining techniques used to excavate
"hard" minerals, usually those containing metals, such
as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin,
and lead. It also involves the same techniques used to
excavate ores of gems, such
as diamonds and rubies. Soft-rock mining refers to the
excavation of softer minerals, such as salt, coal, and oil
sands.
Underground hard-rock
mining

8. Mining Access of
Underground hard-rock
mining
Underground access
1. Declines
2. Shafts
3. Adits
Ore access:
Levels are excavated horizontally off the decline or shaft
to access the ore body. Stopes are then excavated
perpendicular (or near perpendicular) to the level into the
ore.
Decline portal
Stopes
A large stope in the Treadwell gold mine, Alaska 1908;
an example of shrinkage Stoping.

9. 1.Ventilation
2.Ground support
3.Area ground support
4.Local ground support
Underground hard-rock
mining
Door for directing ventilation in an old lead mine. The ore
hopper at the front is not part of the ventilation.

10. Underground soft-rock mining
Underground soft-rock mining is a group of
underground mining techniques used to extract coal, oil
shale, potash, and other minerals or geological materials
from sedimentary ("soft") rocks . Because deposits in
sedimentary rocks are commonly layered and relatively
less hard, the mining methods used differ from those used
to mine deposits in igneous or metamorphic
rocks (see underground hard-rock mining). Underground
mining techniques also differ greatly from those of surface
mining.
Underground mining of oil shale in VKG Ojamaa mine
in Estonia

11. Methods of underground soft rock
mining
1.Longwall mining
2.Shortwall mining
3.Coal skimming
4.Blast Mining
5.Continuous Mining
Longwall mining Blasting Mining
Shortwall Mining

12. THAT’S ALL OF UNDERGROUND OF
MINING
THANK YOU