- The document discusses macroeconomic policy in both closed and open economies. It outlines objectives of internal balance, external balance, and overall balance. - Fiscal and monetary policies are the main policy tools. In an open economy, exchange rates impact the effects of policies. Expansionary fiscal policy can lead to currency appreciation and reduce exports, while expansionary monetary policy can cause currency depreciation and increase exports. - The effects of policies differ between floating and fixed exchange rate regimes. Fiscal policy has a larger effect under fixed rates as exports are not "crowded out", while monetary policy has a larger effect under floating rates due to exchange rate changes.