The document discusses open access publishing and its implications for commercial publishers. It defines open access as permitting users to freely access, use, and share scholarly research. There are two main routes to open access - open access journals and self-archiving of articles. Some key drivers of open access include increasing internet access, concerns over digital preservation, and supporting public access to publicly funded research. However, open access also poses challenges for commercial publishers, as it could transform subscription journals to open access or require collaboration to provide free public access.