Advancements in the Real-Time Simulation of Large Active Distribution Systems for PMU testing
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OPAL-RT at the NASPI User Group Meeting March 2105
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Advancements in the Real-Time Simulation of Large Active Distribution Systems for PMU testing
- 1. 1 Advancements in the Real-Time Simulation of Large Active Distribution Systems for PMU testing Christian Dufour, Ph.D. christian.dufour@opal-rt.com March 24, 2015, San Mateo, CA, USA Revision 2
- 2. 2 • Show how real-time simulation technologies can help utilities and researchers to develop and test PMUs and PMU applications • Show different solver for Digital Real-time Simulator (DRTS) such as: • Real-time Phasor (or Transient Stability) Simulation • Real-time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation • Special solver solutions like SSN for distribution systems. • Show communication features of real-time simulator • Support of IEC-61850 protocols (Sampled Values, GOOSE) • Support of DNP3 protocol • Support of IEEE C37.118 protocol for PMUs • Example cases from actual users. Presentation Objectives
- 3. 3 Different solutions for different problem sizes Real-Time Transient Stability (or Phasor) Simulation (like PSS/e) Real-Time ElectroMagnetic Transient Simulation (like EMTP) CPU-type FPGA- type { Opal-RT provides solutions for real- time Transient Stability simulation • ePHASORsim solver • Sample time =1-10 milliseconds Opal-RT also provides solutions for real-time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation: • Hypersim and eMEGAsim with SSN • Sample time= 10-100 µs 20 cores PC-based DRTS
- 4. 4 • Biggest actual client case so far: 30000 busses (positive sequence) • Support for 3 phase modeling. (More important in distribution grids) • METIS routines used to partition admittance matrix for calculation on many processors Real-Time Transient Stability with ePHASORsim** ** V. Jalili-Marandi, E. Robert, V.Lapointe, J. Belanger, “A real-time transient stability simulation tool for large-scale power systems”. 2012 PES General meeting, San Diego, USA, July 22-26, 2012.
- 5. 5 • Transmission line delays allow large transmission system to run in real-time. • Ex: HQ grid run in real-time on 128 core on SGI computer • Automatic partition in Hypersim RT simulator Challenge of distribution networks with EMT-DRTS
- 6. 6 • Transmission line delays allow large transmission system to run in real-time. • Ex: HQ grid run in real-time on 128 core on SGI computer • Automatic partition in Hypersim RT simulator • There is no such ‘long’ lines in distribution systems! • Cannot parallelize tasks like in transmission grids Challenge of distribution networks with EMT-DRTS
- 7. 7 State-Space Nodal (SSN) Solver for Parallel EMT RT-sim • Reducing the node number is critical for DRTS because the LU factorization of Y admittance matrix is an order O(R3) problem (R is rank of Y) • SSN allow user to select the node location and limit the number of nodes. • Less partitions make it easier to solve the equations on parallel cores, without algorithmic delays. Comparison of node number for standard nodal admittance method and SSN Using EMTP/RTDS/Hypersim: 10 nodes, 16 ‘partitions’ Using SSN: 1 node, 2 partitions! ** C. Dufour, J. Mahseredjian , J. Bélanger, “A Combined State-Space Nodal Method for the Simulation of Power System Transients”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 26, no. 2, April 2011 (ISSN 0885-8977), pp. 928-935
- 8. 8 Extending the real-time EMT simulation with SSN • SSN node aggregation and parallel calculation capabilities pushes the limit of real-time simulation of distribution grids • ENEL Distribuzione, 750 nodes, 52 µs ** France Distribution, 650 nodes, 70 µs ** ** C. Dufour, S. Alma, S. Cuni, G. Scrosati, G. Valvo, G. Sapienza, "Renewable integration and protection studies on a 750-node distribution grid using a real-time simulator and a delay-free parallel solver", accepted for presentation at CIRED-2015, Lyon, France, June 15-18, 2015 ** Timing obtained using Intel-Xeon Processor-E5-2687W Xeon V3 and only 6 cores out of 20 available
- 9. 9 • DNP 3 (Distributed Network Protocol) Supported Protocols (list not exhaustive)
- 10. 10 • DNP 3 (Distributed Network Protocol) • IEC-61850 • IEC-61850-8-1 GOOSE • IEC-61850-9-2 Sampled Values Supported Protocols (list not exhaustive)
- 11. 11 • DNP 3 (Distributed Network Protocol) • IEC-61850 • IEC-61850-8-1 GOOSE • IEC-61850-9-2 Sampled Values • C37.118-2005 (Synchrophasor protocol) • IRIG-B for GPS synchronization • More than 100 virtual PMU allowed • IEC60870-5-104 (for SCADA systems) • Modbus, Modbus-TCP • OPC (Open Platform Communications) Supported Protocols (list not exhaustive) Image curtesy of MEINBERG Radio Clocks GmbH https://www.meinbergglobal.com
- 12. 12 • EPFL in Switzerland developed an ultra- precise PMU for distribution systems • Validation was made with real-time simulated IEEE 13 Bus test feeder system using SSN • Node voltages/currents are send by the analog outputs of the DRTS. • Read by the prototyped PMUs (11 total) • Other PMUs simulated in the DRTS. • 100 softPMU possible. • Produce IEEE C37.118 stream which are gathered by the Phasor Data Concentrator (OpenPDC) PMU development and testing in the lab using DRTS** ** C. Dufour, J. Bélanger, "On the Use of Real-Time Simulation Technology in Smart Grid Research and Development", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Volume 50, Issue 6, Nov/Dec 2014.
- 13. 13 • KTH researchers build a complete WAMPAC laboratory with eMEGAsim DRTS • Connects to physical PMUs, relays, other PDC streams, portable visualization tools… Complete WAMPAC laboratory with DRTS (SmarTS-LAB) Almas, M.S. ;Baudette, M. ; Vanfretti, L. ; Lovlund, S.; “Synchrophasor network, laboratory and software applications developed in the STRONg2rid project”, 2014 PES General Meeting Conference & Exposition, Washington, USA, 27-31 July 2014
- 14. 14 • Another group of researchers at KTH, Sweden, developed a test platform to validate PMU performance and IEEE C37.118 standard compliance. • Can connect both virtual and physical PMUs. • Many applications developed such as on-line mode estimation and WAMPAC. Synchrophasor test platforms with DRTS Zhu, K., Deo, S., Al-Hammouri, A., Honeth, N., Chenine, M. et al. (2013) “Test Platform For Synchrophasor Based Wide-Area Monitoring and Control Applications”. ,IEEE PES General Meeting Vancouver 2013
- 15. 15 • Iterative MOV enable precise real-time fault testing • Unique feature in the DRTS market Iterative methods in real-time simulators C. Dufour, O. Tremblay, “Iterative Algorithms of Surge Arrester for Real-Time Simulators”, 18th Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC 2014), August 18-22, 2014, Wroclaw, Poland.
- 16. 16 • The increased power of multi-core PC is enabling even more powerful testing methods for modern transmission and distribution grids. • Transient Stability (TS) and Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) methods available in RT • Coupled with efficient circuit solvers like SSN, we can now simulate distribution grids of 750 nodes without algorithmic delays in EMT • Node count simply follows Moore’s law, with new PCs. • Transmission network (with long transmission lines): no size limits a priori. Hypersim can EMT simulate the entire grid of the Province of Quebec on SGI with 128 cores. • ePHASORsim: like PSS/e but in real-time. • Actually support PSS/e files. • Sized for 50000 nodes max in 2015, following Moore’s law. • Communication protocols are important to make RT-sim of modern grids • Opal-RT simulators support communication protocols like C37.118 and IEC-61850 Conclusion
- 17. 17 RT-15 Opal-RT User Group Meeting - Hosted by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Free online Registration at www.opal-rt.com/realtime2015
Editor's Notes
- DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol) is a set of communications protocols used between components in process automation systems. Its main use is in utilities such as electric and water companies. Usage in other industries is not common. It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment. It plays a crucial role in SCADAsystems, where it is used by SCADA Master Stations (aka Control Centers), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). It is primarily used for communications between a master station and RTUs or IEDs SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of industrial control system (ICS). Industrial control systems are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world. SCADA systems historically distinguish themselves from other ICS systems by being large scale processes that can include multiple sites, and large distances. These processes include industrial, infrastructure, and facility-based processes A phasor measurement unit (PMU) or synchrophasor is a device which measures the electrical waves on an electricity grid, using a common time source for synchronization. Time synchronization allows synchronized real-time measurements of multiple remote measurement points on the grid OLE for Process Control (OPC), which stands for Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control, is the original name for a standards specification developed in 1996 by an industrial automation industry task force. The standard specifies the communication of real-time plant data between control devices from different manufacturers. DIgSILENT PowerFactory is a leading power system analysis software for applications in generation, transmission, distribution and industrial systems. It is integrating all required functions, easy to use, fully Windows compatible and combines reliable and flexible system modeling capabilities with state-of-the-art algorithms and a unique database concept. IEC-60870-5-104 is an International Communications Protocol Standard for the Telecontrol of electric power transmission systems, which is being widely adopted in many countries throughout the world. The standard specifies the use of permanent directly connected Links between Telecontrol stations. Dedicated base band cables, power line carriers or radios may be used for analog channel communication or direct digital links may be used.
- DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol) is a set of communications protocols used between components in process automation systems. Its main use is in utilities such as electric and water companies. Usage in other industries is not common. It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment. It plays a crucial role in SCADAsystems, where it is used by SCADA Master Stations (aka Control Centers), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). It is primarily used for communications between a master station and RTUs or IEDs SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of industrial control system (ICS). Industrial control systems are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world. SCADA systems historically distinguish themselves from other ICS systems by being large scale processes that can include multiple sites, and large distances. These processes include industrial, infrastructure, and facility-based processes A phasor measurement unit (PMU) or synchrophasor is a device which measures the electrical waves on an electricity grid, using a common time source for synchronization. Time synchronization allows synchronized real-time measurements of multiple remote measurement points on the grid OLE for Process Control (OPC), which stands for Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control, is the original name for a standards specification developed in 1996 by an industrial automation industry task force. The standard specifies the communication of real-time plant data between control devices from different manufacturers. DIgSILENT PowerFactory is a leading power system analysis software for applications in generation, transmission, distribution and industrial systems. It is integrating all required functions, easy to use, fully Windows compatible and combines reliable and flexible system modeling capabilities with state-of-the-art algorithms and a unique database concept. IEC-60870-5-104 is an International Communications Protocol Standard for the Telecontrol of electric power transmission systems, which is being widely adopted in many countries throughout the world. The standard specifies the use of permanent directly connected Links between Telecontrol stations. Dedicated base band cables, power line carriers or radios may be used for analog channel communication or direct digital links may be used.
- DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol) is a set of communications protocols used between components in process automation systems. Its main use is in utilities such as electric and water companies. Usage in other industries is not common. It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment. It plays a crucial role in SCADAsystems, where it is used by SCADA Master Stations (aka Control Centers), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). It is primarily used for communications between a master station and RTUs or IEDs SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of industrial control system (ICS). Industrial control systems are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world. SCADA systems historically distinguish themselves from other ICS systems by being large scale processes that can include multiple sites, and large distances. These processes include industrial, infrastructure, and facility-based processes A phasor measurement unit (PMU) or synchrophasor is a device which measures the electrical waves on an electricity grid, using a common time source for synchronization. Time synchronization allows synchronized real-time measurements of multiple remote measurement points on the grid OLE for Process Control (OPC), which stands for Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control, is the original name for a standards specification developed in 1996 by an industrial automation industry task force. The standard specifies the communication of real-time plant data between control devices from different manufacturers. DIgSILENT PowerFactory is a leading power system analysis software for applications in generation, transmission, distribution and industrial systems. It is integrating all required functions, easy to use, fully Windows compatible and combines reliable and flexible system modeling capabilities with state-of-the-art algorithms and a unique database concept. IEC-60870-5-104 is an International Communications Protocol Standard for the Telecontrol of electric power transmission systems, which is being widely adopted in many countries throughout the world. The standard specifies the use of permanent directly connected Links between Telecontrol stations. Dedicated base band cables, power line carriers or radios may be used for analog channel communication or direct digital links may be used.
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