To find a lawyer becomes a headache for business organization or general people. Sometimes people face many difficulties to find proper lawyer as their requirements, because of information gap. In addition, it is also difficult to find experienced lawyer. Usually, in order to hire a lawyer people need to meet him physically which is time-consuming and expensive. The delivery of legal services remains largely fragmented, outdated, and inefficient.The main purpose of this paper is to do empirical research about how the Internet is currently failing laypeople who are searching online for the legal help to their life problems and what a future agenda of user-centered standards and practices for better legal help on the Internet could be. It initially looks at the existing literature about how the Internet can best be used as legal asset and the situation quo of lawful help websites. Then it metering and looks at negative client reports and Investigates of legal help websites. Finally, it presents the primary study of how people search for resources to solve a legal problem, how they scorn and counts legal aid services online, and their recompose on which existing lawful help websites they consider to be the most usable, the most faithful, and the most valued. This data is necessary to propose new best exercises about how these tech-based services can best serve people, in terms of usability, characteristic of service, and safeguard of the users' interests. It also ensures the importance of the Internet as a lawful help service and highlights the need for more experiment and development on better online legal service help websites that fit general people needs and preferences
Mobility of lexis advance® helps burton law increaseLexisNexis
Burton Law has dismantled the traditional law firm model and turned it on its head. The firm’s technology platform allows its lawyers to practice in a geographically dispersed manner, which greatly reduces overhead and inefficiencies associated with the traditional firm model. These cost savings ultimately get passed on to the firm’s clients, while at the same time providing the personal attention those clients expect.
Presented by Michael Kaiser as the ethics segment of the National Business Institute's Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminar "Strategies for Legal Research on the Web."
The CLE was held December 20, 2011, at the Westin Hotel in Seattle, Washington.
Mr. Kaiser, founder of the Kaiser Legal Group, is a consultant and mediator. He also regularly speaks at the law school level and at Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars for attorneys. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Washington and his Juris Doctor from Seattle University. You may contact Mr. Kaiser at 206-660-2858 or Michael.Kaiser@Kaiser-LegalGroup.org.
HLS Students Harness Artificial Intelligence to Revolutionize How Lawyers Dra...Evisort
Evisort might just be the hottest legal tech and AI company you’ve never heard of. Born out of Harvard Law School, MIT and the Harvard Innovation Lab; funded by an investment firm backed by Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos and other Silicon Valley luminaries; recently profiled in a Columbia Business School case study on entrepreneurship; and its three founders named to Forbes 30 Under 30, it’s safe to say this is a company worth watching.
Feb 2020 - Senate Submission Financial Technology and Regulatory TechnologyTimothy Holborn
submission to: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Financial_Technology_and_Regulatory_Technology/FinancialRegulatoryTech/Submissions
Mobility of lexis advance® helps burton law increaseLexisNexis
Burton Law has dismantled the traditional law firm model and turned it on its head. The firm’s technology platform allows its lawyers to practice in a geographically dispersed manner, which greatly reduces overhead and inefficiencies associated with the traditional firm model. These cost savings ultimately get passed on to the firm’s clients, while at the same time providing the personal attention those clients expect.
Presented by Michael Kaiser as the ethics segment of the National Business Institute's Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminar "Strategies for Legal Research on the Web."
The CLE was held December 20, 2011, at the Westin Hotel in Seattle, Washington.
Mr. Kaiser, founder of the Kaiser Legal Group, is a consultant and mediator. He also regularly speaks at the law school level and at Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars for attorneys. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Washington and his Juris Doctor from Seattle University. You may contact Mr. Kaiser at 206-660-2858 or Michael.Kaiser@Kaiser-LegalGroup.org.
HLS Students Harness Artificial Intelligence to Revolutionize How Lawyers Dra...Evisort
Evisort might just be the hottest legal tech and AI company you’ve never heard of. Born out of Harvard Law School, MIT and the Harvard Innovation Lab; funded by an investment firm backed by Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos and other Silicon Valley luminaries; recently profiled in a Columbia Business School case study on entrepreneurship; and its three founders named to Forbes 30 Under 30, it’s safe to say this is a company worth watching.
Feb 2020 - Senate Submission Financial Technology and Regulatory TechnologyTimothy Holborn
submission to: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Financial_Technology_and_Regulatory_Technology/FinancialRegulatoryTech/Submissions
E Commerce Platform Data Ownership and Legal Protectionijtsrd
In order to better distinguish the issues of data ownership in e commerce platforms, this article starts with the basic theory of data rights on e commerce platforms, studies the current status of e commerce legal regulations, and explains relevant data rights regulations from the aspects of legislation, law enforcement, and justice Practice and analyze how to scientifically allocate rights, obligations and responsibilities in practice based on classic cases of data rights protection on e commerce platforms. Through the research on the existing data of e commerce platform data rights, the comparative analysis method is used to analyze the main problems in the development. The e commerce platform data rights protection legal system, law enforcement protection methods, and judicial relief systems still need to be improved. Finally, corresponding perfect countermeasures are proposed for the above problems. China should further improve the e commerce platform data rights legal system, law enforcement mechanism, and judicial relief channels, improve the self discipline mechanism of industry associations, improve the internal data governance capabilities and levels of e commerce platform enterprises, and provide a comprehensive and systematic legal protection for the protection of e commerce platform data rights. Changjun Wu | Xinhui Zhang "E-Commerce Platform Data Ownership and Legal Protection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32983.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/32983/ecommerce-platform-data-ownership-and-legal-protection/changjun-wu
The Case For Portals -- When Citizens Demand Online Access to Their Governmen...NIC Inc | EGOV
A three-part series from Governing magazine that discusses the paths several states took after deciding to establish public-private partnerships to manage their eGovernment services.
These are the slides from my presentation to the ABA Commission on the Future of Legal Services. I covered the basics of virtual law practice but also gamification, games, and online engagement for legal services. The video for this presentation is here: http://bcove.me/4tmkn2x1
Unbundled legal services, also called limited scope representation or discrete task representation, may be used by a variety of law practices from solos to large law firms to serve an large market of unmet legal needs. Technology exists to assist the attorney in streamlining the unbundling process by using document automation and assembly programs that make unbundling legal services a cost-effective form of delivering legal services to the public. However, attorneys providing limited scope representation should be aware of certain ethics risks and best practices. Whether unbundling is handled in a traditional firm setting or through the use of technology, attorneys should be aware of the benefits and risks of this complementary method of delivering legal services to their clients.
Future Law Office 2020: Redefining the Practice of Law examines key trends affecting the legal field today. Part of Robert Half Legal’s annual research project, the report offers insight into developments that are reshaping law practice management strategies and are expected to drive change within the legal profession by the year 2020. Learn best practices and future predictions from leading experts in the legal field as well as our legal staffing and consulting professionals.
This is the updated and revised edition of the ebook, Practicing Law Online. This revised edition focuses on the business models of virtual law firms that have emerged and goes beyond solos and small firms to apply the business model to larger firms and in-house legal departments. The ebook walks the reader through the process of choosing a virtual law firm business model and examines methods of online delivery that work best with the firm’s practice area and client base.
“Data localisation or data residency laws require data about a nations' citizens or residents be collected, processed, and/or stored inside the country, often before being transferred internationally, and usually transferred only after meeting local privacy or data protection laws, such as giving the user notice of how the information will be used and obtaining their consent.” - Wikipedia
Prospective factors to involve in different e business models in bangladeshRizwan Rebate
Many Bangladeshi companies currently distribute their images through the Internet to clients all over the world, but the monetary transactions take place through conventional means. Some companies put messages on bulletin board, on ' internet yellow pages' with email links, and sometimes web pages, but there never is a place to submit a credit card. This is because currently the government does not permit credit card charges over the internet. However, the ISPs in Bangladesh do have the technology for e-business, e-business and are anticipating governmental approval in near future. In this circumstances, prospective factors will gain advantages for companies before involving in e-business. We have identified few questions to be answered-
1) What are different e-business models in Bangladesh?
2) What are the benefits behind involving in e-business in Bangladesh?
3) What are the prospects in current e-business models in Bangladesh?
Luis Alberto Montezuma provides his insight on the latest sanctions imposed by the Colombian Data Protection Authority (the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce, or SIC) for using personal data to send direct marketing without first obtaining the consent of data subjects.
The revolutionary progresses in information technology have a deep rooted impact in
global communication and that’s also having a great impact in the national as well as
the global business environment.
.Along with its growing importance it also has challenges due to technological issues
and their legal consequences.
In this study the key elements of e-contract (in light of the Indian Contract Act, 1872)
has been discussed. Its various issues related to Evidence Act, IT Act, Stamping laws,
consumer disputes has been covered.
E-contract is new phenomenon in modern business, so there are some ambiguities in
technical and legal issues but will be solved
Complete Guide to Technology for Lawyers and Law Firms - Legodesk. Ways Technology Can Help Lawyers Win Cases - 1. Increased Transparency, 2. Case Digitization, 3. In-Depth Research, 4. High-Tech Litigation.
You can find more information about the Technology for Lawyers and Law Firms in here our blog https://legodesk.com/blog/legal-practice/importance-of-legal-technology/
E Commerce Platform Data Ownership and Legal Protectionijtsrd
In order to better distinguish the issues of data ownership in e commerce platforms, this article starts with the basic theory of data rights on e commerce platforms, studies the current status of e commerce legal regulations, and explains relevant data rights regulations from the aspects of legislation, law enforcement, and justice Practice and analyze how to scientifically allocate rights, obligations and responsibilities in practice based on classic cases of data rights protection on e commerce platforms. Through the research on the existing data of e commerce platform data rights, the comparative analysis method is used to analyze the main problems in the development. The e commerce platform data rights protection legal system, law enforcement protection methods, and judicial relief systems still need to be improved. Finally, corresponding perfect countermeasures are proposed for the above problems. China should further improve the e commerce platform data rights legal system, law enforcement mechanism, and judicial relief channels, improve the self discipline mechanism of industry associations, improve the internal data governance capabilities and levels of e commerce platform enterprises, and provide a comprehensive and systematic legal protection for the protection of e commerce platform data rights. Changjun Wu | Xinhui Zhang "E-Commerce Platform Data Ownership and Legal Protection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32983.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/32983/ecommerce-platform-data-ownership-and-legal-protection/changjun-wu
The Case For Portals -- When Citizens Demand Online Access to Their Governmen...NIC Inc | EGOV
A three-part series from Governing magazine that discusses the paths several states took after deciding to establish public-private partnerships to manage their eGovernment services.
These are the slides from my presentation to the ABA Commission on the Future of Legal Services. I covered the basics of virtual law practice but also gamification, games, and online engagement for legal services. The video for this presentation is here: http://bcove.me/4tmkn2x1
Unbundled legal services, also called limited scope representation or discrete task representation, may be used by a variety of law practices from solos to large law firms to serve an large market of unmet legal needs. Technology exists to assist the attorney in streamlining the unbundling process by using document automation and assembly programs that make unbundling legal services a cost-effective form of delivering legal services to the public. However, attorneys providing limited scope representation should be aware of certain ethics risks and best practices. Whether unbundling is handled in a traditional firm setting or through the use of technology, attorneys should be aware of the benefits and risks of this complementary method of delivering legal services to their clients.
Future Law Office 2020: Redefining the Practice of Law examines key trends affecting the legal field today. Part of Robert Half Legal’s annual research project, the report offers insight into developments that are reshaping law practice management strategies and are expected to drive change within the legal profession by the year 2020. Learn best practices and future predictions from leading experts in the legal field as well as our legal staffing and consulting professionals.
This is the updated and revised edition of the ebook, Practicing Law Online. This revised edition focuses on the business models of virtual law firms that have emerged and goes beyond solos and small firms to apply the business model to larger firms and in-house legal departments. The ebook walks the reader through the process of choosing a virtual law firm business model and examines methods of online delivery that work best with the firm’s practice area and client base.
“Data localisation or data residency laws require data about a nations' citizens or residents be collected, processed, and/or stored inside the country, often before being transferred internationally, and usually transferred only after meeting local privacy or data protection laws, such as giving the user notice of how the information will be used and obtaining their consent.” - Wikipedia
Prospective factors to involve in different e business models in bangladeshRizwan Rebate
Many Bangladeshi companies currently distribute their images through the Internet to clients all over the world, but the monetary transactions take place through conventional means. Some companies put messages on bulletin board, on ' internet yellow pages' with email links, and sometimes web pages, but there never is a place to submit a credit card. This is because currently the government does not permit credit card charges over the internet. However, the ISPs in Bangladesh do have the technology for e-business, e-business and are anticipating governmental approval in near future. In this circumstances, prospective factors will gain advantages for companies before involving in e-business. We have identified few questions to be answered-
1) What are different e-business models in Bangladesh?
2) What are the benefits behind involving in e-business in Bangladesh?
3) What are the prospects in current e-business models in Bangladesh?
Luis Alberto Montezuma provides his insight on the latest sanctions imposed by the Colombian Data Protection Authority (the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce, or SIC) for using personal data to send direct marketing without first obtaining the consent of data subjects.
The revolutionary progresses in information technology have a deep rooted impact in
global communication and that’s also having a great impact in the national as well as
the global business environment.
.Along with its growing importance it also has challenges due to technological issues
and their legal consequences.
In this study the key elements of e-contract (in light of the Indian Contract Act, 1872)
has been discussed. Its various issues related to Evidence Act, IT Act, Stamping laws,
consumer disputes has been covered.
E-contract is new phenomenon in modern business, so there are some ambiguities in
technical and legal issues but will be solved
Complete Guide to Technology for Lawyers and Law Firms - Legodesk. Ways Technology Can Help Lawyers Win Cases - 1. Increased Transparency, 2. Case Digitization, 3. In-Depth Research, 4. High-Tech Litigation.
You can find more information about the Technology for Lawyers and Law Firms in here our blog https://legodesk.com/blog/legal-practice/importance-of-legal-technology/
Could the internet transform legal services for people on low incomes? Innov...Andrés Vázquez
Digital exclusion is real but not entirely disabling.
It is the age of Aquarius: innovation is everywhere.
Law is national but technology is global: we can learn from other countries.
There is convergence - both in technologies and providers.
The future is interactive and mobile.
The internet opens the possibility of end to end provision from diagnosis to resolution.
The internet opens new opportunities for advancing skills
NGOs can have a leading role in development.
We need to re-engineer legal aid.
Disruption is a common theme among many tech evangelists. "Futurists” are predicting that robots and artificial intelligence will result in job losses for employees within professions. I'm not an evangelist or a futurist, but I think we can take it as a given that "Robots" will reshape all professions, including those in the legal field.
In this presentation I've tried to explore how our conceptions of "lawyering" might be changed by the introduction of "robots" into the legal profession. Technology has a habit of both substituting and complementing. Automation will raise output, but it also leads to higher demand for workers who can uniquely supply tasks that machines cannot supply.
Take a look at the range of information technologies of law that are assisting with raising output. The presentation will also offer glimpses of what legal professions can uniquely supply and robots cannot.
Research on Legal Protection of Personal Data Privacy of E Commerce Platform ...YogeshIJTSRD
As a product of the information age, e commerce platform not only changes peoples daily life, but also brings unprecedented impact and infection to users personal data privacy. Under the influence of various factors, the phenomenon of data privacy infringement emerges in endlessly and becomes more and more common. Strengthening the protection of data privacy has become an urgent problem to be solved. At present, China has initially established laws and systems on the protection of personal data privacy, but they are not enough to effectively deal with many problems that have emerged. There is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic legal provisions and specific and effective implementation measures in legislation, law enforcement and justice. How to further control the violation of users personal data privacy has become a new challenge we need to face. Based on the relevant laws and regulations such as the e commerce law and the civil code, this paper analyzes the value, current situation, problems and other specific contents of the personal data privacy right of the users of e commerce platform, points out the current situation of the legal protection of the rights and interests of the users of e commerce platform, and further analyzes its shortcomings, Based on this, this paper leads to the e commerce platform users personal privacy, so as to put forward countermeasures and measures, and put forward the path to improve the legal system construction. The author thinks that we should innovate the concept of data privacy protection, learn from foreign advanced experience, strengthen domestic legal protection, improve the law enforcement means and the internal governance mechanism of the platform, so as to improve the legal system of personal data privacy of e commerce platform users in China, maintain the order of e commerce platform, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of data economy. Changjun Wu | Xinru Wang "Research on Legal Protection of Personal Data Privacy of E-Commerce Platform Users" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44956.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/44956/research-on-legal-protection-of-personal-data-privacy-of-ecommerce-platform-users/changjun-wu
Social networking presentation for Cincinnati Paralegal Association, February 25, 2010. Defines social networking, demonstrates general sites as well as several for the legal community, and addresses risks and opportunities.
New criminal laws— Future of criminal justice system in Indiaaakash malhotra
The three new criminal laws, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, which replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC), the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and the Indian Evidence Act respectively, will come into force from 1 July this year
Doing More with Less: How Technology is Helping Deliver Legal ServicesRobert Ambrogi
With escalating demand for legal services for the poor and dwindling funding, how can technology help bridge the gap? This is a presentation I gave on Aug. 9, 2014, at the annual meeting of the National Conference of Bar Foundations. Note that where the presentation included embedded videos, I have included the URL to the video online.
Is it possible to opt out of technological competence, or at least a reasonable understanding of social media, metadata, or similar? The Professional Code of Conduct raises the bar on what is now a core condition of competency.
PRIVACY RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS (2).pdflinda gichohi
This is an article/blog on the Privacy Symposium Africa 2022 on Privacy Rights and Digital rights as Human Rights. It also talks about Online Gender Based Violence , this is gender based violence that manifests in the Digital Space and Online world ie; phishing, non-consensual sharing, harrassment. This article explains why Privacy rights are essential in the modern world.
In the era of data-driven warfare, the integration of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques has
become paramount for enhancing defence capabilities. This research report delves into the applications of
big data and ML in the defence sector, exploring their potential to revolutionize intelligence gathering,
strategic decision-making, and operational efficiency. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced
algorithms, these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for threat detection, predictive analysis,
and optimized resource allocation. However, their adoption also raises critical concerns regarding data
privacy, ethical implications, and the potential for misuse. This report aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of big data and ML in defence, while examining the challenges and
ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation.
Cloud Computing, being one of the most recent innovative developments of the IT world, has been
instrumental not just to the success of SMEs but, through their productivity and innovative contribution to
the economy, has even made a remarkable contribution to the economic growth of the United States. To
this end, the study focuses on how cloud computing technology has impacted economic growth through
SMEs in the United States. Relevant literature connected to the variables of interest in this study was
reviewed, and secondary data was generated and utilized in the analysis section of this paper. The findings
of this paper revealed that there have been meaningful contributions that the usage of virtualization has
made in the commercial dealings of small firms in the United States, and this has also been reflected in the
economic growth of the country. This paper further revealed that as important as cloud-based software is,
some SMEs are still skeptical about how it can help improve their business and increase their bottom line
and hence have failed to adopt it. Apart from the SMEs, some notable large firms in different industries,
including information and educational services, have adopted cloud computing technology and hence
contributed to the economic growth of the United States. Lastly, findings from our inferential statistics
revealed that no discernible change has occurred in innovation between small and big businesses in the
adoption of cloud computing. Both categories of businesses adopt cloud computing in the same way, and
their contribution to the American economy has no significant difference in the usage of virtualization.
Energy-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have garnered significant research interest in
recent years. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), or Cooperative MIMO, represents a specialized
application of MIMO technology within WSNs. This approach operates effectively, especially in
challenging and resource-constrained environments. By facilitating collaboration among sensor nodes,
Cooperative MIMO enhances reliability, coverage, and energy efficiency in WSN deployments.
Consequently, MIMO finds application in diverse WSN scenarios, spanning environmental monitoring,
industrial automation, and healthcare applications.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication. IJCSIT publishes original research papers and review papers, as well as auxiliary material such as: research papers, case studies, technical reports etc.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
Welcome to AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT), your gateway to the latest advancements in the dynamic fields of Computer Science and Information Systems.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) are computer-based tutoring systems that deal with
linguistic skills. Adding intelligence in such systems is mainly based on using Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tools to diagnose student errors, especially in language grammar. However, most such
systems do not consider the modeling of student competence in linguistic skills, especially for the Arabic
language. In this paper, we will deal with basic grammar concepts of the Arabic language taught for the
fourth grade of the elementary school in Egypt. This is through Arabic Grammar Trainer (AGTrainer)
which is an Intelligent CALL. The implemented system (AGTrainer) trains the students through different
questions that deal with the different concepts and have different difficulty levels. Constraint-based student
modeling (CBSM) technique is used as a short-term student model. CBSM is used to define in small grain
level the different grammar skills through the defined skill structures. The main contribution of this paper
is the hierarchal representation of the system's basic grammar skills as domain knowledge. That
representation is used as a mechanism for efficiently checking constraints to model the student knowledge
and diagnose the student errors and identify their cause. In addition, satisfying constraints and the number
of trails the student takes for answering each question and fuzzy logic decision system are used to
determine the student learning level for each lesson as a long-term model. The results of the evaluation
showed the system's effectiveness in learning in addition to the satisfaction of students and teachers with its
features and abilities.
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This research aims to further understanding in the field of continuous authentication using behavioural
biometrics. We are contributing a novel dataset that encompasses the gesture data of 15 users playing
Minecraft with a Samsung Tablet, each for a duration of 15 minutes. Utilizing this dataset, we employed
machine learning (ML) binary classifiers, being Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and
Support Vector Classifier (SVC), to determine the authenticity of specific user actions. Our most robust
model was SVC, which achieved an average accuracy of approximately 90%, demonstrating that touch
dynamics can effectively distinguish users. However, further studies are needed to make it viable option
for authentication systems. You can access our dataset at the following
link:https://github.com/AuthenTech2023/authentech-repo
This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of GPT-3 (0), a state-of-the-art language model, in the
context of text understanding. We begin by describing the architecture and training process of GPT-3, and
provide an overview of its impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing
tasks, such as language translation, question-answering, and text completion. Throughout this research
project, a summarizing tool was also created to help us retrieve content from any types of document,
specifically IELTS (0) Reading Test data in this project. We also aimed to improve the accuracy of the
summarizing, as well as question-answering capabilities of GPT-3 (0) via long text
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification.
This work highlights transfer learning’s effectiveness in image classification using CNNs and VGG 16 that
provides insights into the selection of pre-trained models and hyper parameters for optimal performance.
We have proposed a comprehensive approach for image segmentation and classification, incorporating preprocessing techniques, the K-means algorithm for segmentation, and employing deep learning models such
as CNN and VGG 16 for classification.
The security of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging has gained momentum after the increase in the EV adoption
in the past few years. Mobile applications have been integrated into EV charging systems that mainly use a
cloud-based platform to host their services and data. Like many complex systems, cloud systems are
susceptible to cyberattacks if proper measures are not taken by the organization to secure them. In this
paper, we explore the security of key components in the EV charging infrastructure, including the mobile
application and its cloud service. We conducted an experiment that initiated a Man in the Middle attack
between an EV app and its cloud services. Our results showed that it is possible to launch attacks against
the connected infrastructure by taking advantage of vulnerabilities that may have substantial economic and
operational ramifications on the EV charging ecosystem. We conclude by providing mitigation suggestions
and future research directions.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This paper describes the outcome of an attempt to implement the same transitive closure (TC) algorithm
for Apache MapReduce running on different Apache Hadoop distributions. Apache MapReduce is a
software framework used with Apache Hadoop, which has become the de facto standard platform for
processing and storing large amounts of data in a distributed computing environment. The research
presented here focuses on the variations observed among the results of an efficient iterative transitive
closure algorithm when run against different distributed environments. The results from these comparisons
were validated against the benchmark results from OYSTER, an open source Entity Resolution system. The
experiment results highlighted the inconsistencies that can occur when using the same codebase with
different implementations of Map Reduce.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October 2018
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2018.10502 13
ONLINE LEGAL SERVICE: THE PRESENT AND
FUTURE
Md.Aminur Islam, Jannatul Ferdaus, Md. Abbas Ali khan and Md. Tarek Habib
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
To find a lawyer becomes a headache for business organization or general people. Sometimes people face
many difficulties to find proper lawyer as their requirements, because of information gap. In addition, it is
also difficult to find experienced lawyer. Usually, in order to hire a lawyer people need to meet him
physically which is time-consuming and expensive. The delivery of legal services remains largely
fragmented, outdated, and inefficient.The main purpose of this paper is to do empirical research about how
the Internet is currently failing laypeople who are searching online for the legal help to their life problems
and what a future agenda of user-centered standards and practices for better legal help on the Internet
could be. It initially looks at the existing literature about how the Internet can best be used as legal asset
and the situation quo of lawful help websites. Then it metering and looks at negative client reports and
Investigates of legal help websites. Finally, it presents the primary study of how people search for
resources to solve a legal problem, how they scorn and counts legal aid services online, and their
recompose on which existing lawful help websites they consider to be the most usable, the most faithful,
and the most valued. This data is necessary to propose new best exercises about how these tech-based
services can best serve people, in terms of usability, characteristic of service, and safeguard of the users'
interests. It also ensures the importance of the Internet as a lawful help service and highlights the need for
more experiment and development on better online legal service help websites that fit general people needs
and preferences.
Keywords:
Online Legal Serivce, Hire Lawyer Online, Search Lawyer Online, Legal Service Online Bangaldesh,Legal
Technology, Procedural Justice.
1. INTRODUCTION
The technology has rapt the universe of juridical services and commitment to enhance how
people entrance and explore the justice process. The Traders and researchers are call on for
improvement of tech-based assets that aids general people explore their juridical issues [1].
Juridical futurist Richard Susskind focuses to the likelihood for online juridical services to
democratize access to juridical services. It is early days to be sure, but inside few years these
online juridical service systems will be commonplace in helping laypeople to identify when they
need juridical help and to pick the best sources of counsel, as well as in actually offering them
handy direction [2]. Online juridical services will create the law accessible to laypeople who
would something else have no reasonable sources of juridical aid. This I call the accomplishment
of the 'latent juridical market'- those numberless occasions in the lives of many laypeople when
they need juridical help and would convenience from juridical help but, until now, people have
been incapable to secure this assistance. Online juridical service, therefore, will free the latent
juridical market. The commitment is that there can be a new generation of online lawful
commodities and services that approve people to detect and explore juridical aid. There are calls
for technology to rise the ability of civil juridical service providers to convention the juridical
2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October 2018
14
requirements of all laypeople [3].Practitioner’s attorney that much intellectual juridical
technology be built, so that both lawyers and clients can increase their receptivity to resolve
juridical problems and locate the ingress to justice gap [4]. Johnson trumpets the possible for
online tools to authorize people to ingress juridical services and letting them 'defeats their fears of
contracting with lawyers and the possible complicacies of juridical problems' [5]. These type of
changes in technology will grant "an another source of reasonable juridical services aid fulfill the
gap left by overloaded and reducing juridical aid groups". The vision is that online sites and
instruments will let any individual with an Internet connection indicate juridical facts, find out her
specific problem, and explore the juridical procedure to solution [6]. Furthermore, the prospect is
that online juridical services will aid more people ingress juridical services that nowadays do.
Scholars hope that tech based services will open up ingress to laypeople who nowadays have
inconvenience engrossing juridical services, including those in village areas, without available
time amid standard working hours, with dynamism restrictions, or without private transit [7].
Furthermore, tech-enabled juridical aid grants many conveniences over eyeball-to-eyeball
service, together with scalability for service suppliers and benefit, sincerity, and lawyer cost for
people. Further, there is a necessity for new ways to engage and backing user with juridical aid,
particularly as current studies show that many laypeople with civil justice problems do no connect
to experienced, such as law librarians, lawyers, courts, or otherwise, for aid with their problems
[8].The ABA upheld fourteen a few entrance to equity ventures from 2012 to 2013 to created
online juridical services for client [9].Different non picks up and revenue driven organizations
have created mobile applications, web sites, and other programming software that objective to
give benefit people group’s juridical necessities. The clear description of the issue is to give
online support to the online legal seeking person.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In characterizing client focused models for online legitimate help services, there is a constrained
collection of research from attorneys, human-computer interaction scholars, sociologists that set
out beginning understandings of how laypeople utilize the Internet to get to lawful help and what
key fail points and chances exist.There are expanding quantities of lawful data sources and
services available to the overall population online. Though data about the law and tools to finish
lawful tasks were truly saved for legitimate experts, there has been an opportunity to developing
these legal services available on the web, either for very low costor for free. The sorts of websites
and their patrons include the following classes.
2.1 GOVERNMENT/COURT-SPONSORED INFORMATION
Sites that say what the law is, the thing that lawful techniques are, and what qualification for
accepting administrations are. [10].Non-profit Legal Services Referrals/Information sites that
assistance a client make sense of what their lawful issue is and what nearby services are
accessible. [11]. Private Legal Information sites that assistance clients comprehend what the law
says in regards to specific subjects. These incorporate destinations that present articles and replies
on lawful issues, as Immihelp, Nolo, Upcounsil, and Hiremelegal, and in addition more legal
advisor centered apparatuses that give top to bottom research instruments and rundowns, as
CaseText, Judicata, Ravel, PlainSite, and CoCounsel.Legal Services/Eligibilitysites that present
screener to figure out what legitimate services or ways clients may be qualified to seek after.
Regularly these are controlled by philanthropies or new businesses. Cases of these destinations
incorporate Expunge.io and Citizenship Works. Private Legal Self-Help tools that furnish the
client with data as well as help them in getting frames finished or even to settle their question
without experiencing the courts by any stretch of the imagination. Here, there are for the most
part revenue driven new businesses like Bridge US, Modria, Legal Zoom and Rocket Lawyer.
3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October 2018
15
More laypeople are swinging to the Internet to discover help to determine issues with lawful
measurements. The Internet is progressively a first port of require a man when searching out data
about whether their concern is a legitimate one, and how to conceivably address it [12].A recent
report 2010 from the ABA finds that an expanding number of individuals are utilizing on the web
scans to discover a legal counselor for an individual lawful issue. The survey found that the vast
majority, in the event that they required a legal counselor for an individual legitimate issue,
would first swing to family, companions, and associates to discover a legal counselor and
afterward contact a known legal counselor, look in a registry, or hunt online [13].Younger adults
are especially likely to depend on web scans for finding a legal counselor, while not very many of
those more than 65 would utilize the Internet to discover a legal advisor [14].
The survey asked into what online services a man would be destined to utilize if hunting down a
legal advisor to help them. The individual was offered the alternatives of legal advisors' sites,
social networks like Facebook & twitter, an online catalog, a Q&A site, a legal advisor rating
webpage, sites or email list hosts. The most astounding number of respondents said they would
likely utilize Q&A sites, attorney rating sites, and legal advisors' own particular sites. Online
indexes and coordinating sites positioned to some degree lower. Positioned very low were online
journals, web-based social networking, and Twitter, Facebook, and list hosts [15]. At the point
when individuals chose to continue on a lawful issue without an attorney, the ABA survey found
that they were probably going to swing to free online services. Free online services positioned
nearly as exceedingly as the utilization of court self-improvement focuses or judges. Free online
administrations positioned higher than books, court agents, programming, or curators. Expense-
based online lawful administrations were positioned the most minimal, as to the least extent liable
to be utilized [16]. Free online lawful assets were especially prevalent among more youthful and
lower salary respondents.
The ABA overview demonstrates that individuals do have a large enthusiasm for free on the web
legitimate assets and unbundled lawful service that they could buy from legal counselors. It
likewise demonstrates that for the errand of searching down an attorney, the Internet may not be
their first asset, but rather it is more prominent among youngsters and is about as famous as
looking through an offline storage. These patterns all demonstrate that the Internet as a wellspring
of legitimate help regardless of whether it is being utilized for finding a legal counselor or
exploring a lawful methodology without one is an imperative focus for taking a shot at enhancing
access to equity, particularly among more youthful individuals and those in bringing down wage
levels.
3. METHODOLOGY
We developed a web based system which name is CaseLaw. CaseLaw is an online platform for
Lawyers and Clients from where client can post their cases and lawyer can submit proposal on
cases and hired by client to handle cases. This system can store all previous job information that
is helpful for client to find out experienced lawyer. Finding a lawyer sometime becomes a
headache for business organization or general people. Sometimes people face many difficulties to
find proper lawyer as their requirements, because of information gap. In addition, it is also
difficult to find experienced lawyer. Usually, in order to hire a lawyer people need to meet him
physically which is time-consuming and expensive. The delivery of legal services remains largely
fragmented, outdated, and inefficient. Suppose a person resides outside Dhaka Now, if he meet to
deal with a case from Dhaka Supreme Court then he must come to Supreme Court physically.
This takes times and also expensive. To solve this problem CaseLaw provides a platform which
enables the person finding proper lawyer sitting at home. The person can find lawyer based on
their experience, qualification, and region and can hire remotely.
4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol
Business process model represents the social and economic value. The most part of the business
model is how to revenue from the model.
Figure 3: Business process model of how a c
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October
Business process model represents the social and economic value. The most part of the business
model is how to revenue from the model. CaseLaw has small revenue part.
Figure 1: Business process mode.
Figure 2: Business process model.
3: Business process model of how a client handle lawyer offer/bid on case
and hire lawyer.
October 2018
16
Business process model represents the social and economic value. The most part of the business
handle lawyer offer/bid on case
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October 2018
17
3.1 LOGICAL DATA MODEL
The logical data model represents the data processing modules. It used for data analysis and
processing easily. The Entity-Relationship Diagram/Model represents the logical data model.
Our Web Application is Dynamic, this function works by using the internet. A database is needed
for storing and retrieving data. The internet is a most important role in our application. For
ensuring security there is a DBA (Database Administrator) who can only access the database. The
following figure 4.1 shows the relationship between the user and the system.
3.2 INTERACTION DESIGN AND UX
User Experience (UX) is critical to the success or failure of a product in the market. Interaction
Design is most important part of User Experience (UX) design. An application fruition depends
on User satisfaction. How an application is more attractive to the user is depends on. The
following figure 4.2 shows there are 7 factors that describe user experience, according to Peter
Morville.
Figure 4.1: Request lifecycle.
Figure 4.2: The 7 factors that influence user experience.
4. THE FUTURE OF ONLINE LEGAL SERVICE
Technological innovation has prompted more institutionalized answers for the conveyance of
lawful procedures and the capacity to products numerous lawful administrations. Various
legitimate tech organizations, colleges and law offices are presently investigating the degree to
which the subjective area of legal advisors can likewise be computerized. As indicated by
6. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October 2018
18
Riverview, 'an essential target is to mechanize a portion of the subjective capacities of
information specialists to furnish associations with wise choice help apparatuses' (Hyde 2015).
Riverview is right now working with Liverpool University in an offer to apply computerized
reasoning (AI) to lawful assignments. The joint wander will perceive how far the AI skill of
Liverpool University's software engineering office can be utilized as a part of a business law
office. This wander returns on the of Hodge Jones and Allen's work with scholastics from
University College London (UCL) to make programming that evaluates the benefits of individual
damage cases. A teacher of financial aspects and monetary estimation at UCL analyzed 600 cases
finished up finished a year time frame utilizing measurable procedures to decide the elements
adding to progress or disappointment and level of harms and expenses. The outcome was a gadget
that can ascertain the feasible results of individual damage cases. The associations close to home
damage group administrator said the demonstrating 'tested some of our partialities about the cases
we ought to go up against' (New Law Journal 2014: on the web). Advanced machine perusing
programming has demonstrated speedier and more exact than a specialist in conveying equivalent
lawful administrations and choices guidance. As right on time as the 1970s Weizenbaum (1976)
contended that PCs should not to settle on legal choices, despite the fact that they could possibly
do as such. Berman and Hafner (1987) examine various reasons why lawful choices can't be
clarified by any manage based model of law, however mind boggling. The legitimate chief
applies existing tenets, as well as is frequently called upon to inventively adjust rules, to pick
among contending rules, and to make new standards (Gardner 1985). Master frameworks can be
utilized as a part of the administration of algorithmic basic leadership how much this utilization
meets moral and nuanced understandings of cases stays to be seen yet these frameworks can
likewise be utilized to sort out and show the important actualities and issues in the administration
of human chiefs (e.g. IBM's Watson and ROSS frameworks).It is likely the joining of data and
advanced innovations into criminal lawful practice and the activity of the courts will reshape the
conduct designs and the reasoning procedure of partners in the criminal lawful field, from judges
and legal advisors to court assistants and staff in legitimate firms. The esteem and possibility of
virtual court frameworks in England and Wales has been talked about on various events as a
major aspect of the Ministry of Justice's advanced methodology. A move to e-revelation and
digitalized CPS/criminal case forms has officially changed criminal legitimate practice. By 2020
digitization looks set to additionally affect criminal legitimate specialists both regarding how
conventional cases are led, and through new digital wrongdoing and innovation laws
5. CASE STUDY
Singapore as of now has set up an Electronic Litigation System which has been asserted to help
accomplish viable, proficient and temperate administering and organization of equity
(http://www.supcourt.gov.sg/). As right on time as 1996, the Singapore frameworks persuaded
some 'IT clever legal advisors' to experiment with utilizing e-docs in the Technology Court for
both criminal and common trials. In 1998, the utilization of e-docs was reached out to all interests
heard in the Court of Appeal and in Magistrates' Appeals (managed by the Chief Justice). What's
more, in 1999, the utilization of e-docs was stretched out to every single criminal trial and chose
common trials. This was made conceivable when every one of the courts and chambers in the
Supreme Court Building were completely prepared to help the utilization of e-docs through level
screen screens on rotatable arms, video exchanging gadgets and custommade podiums, all making
the courts e-docs fit.Online dispute resolution (ODR) is being touted as a region with gigantic
potential for addressing the necessities of the legitimate framework and its clients. It’s mean to
expand access to equity and resolve debate all the more effectively, rapidly and efficiently is as of
now being effectively incorporated by destinations, for example, eBay, Cybersettle and the
Canadian Civil Resolution Tribunal. For low esteem guarantees, the present court framework can
be expensive, moderate, and complex, particularly for defendants face to face. The Online
7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October 2018
19
Dispute Resolution Advisory Group, set up by the Civil Justice Council, investigated the
capability of ODR for common question of significant worth under £25,000. The gathering's
principle suggestion is that HM Courts and Tribunals Service build up another, web based court
benefit, known as HM Online Court (HMOC): 'On HMOC, individuals from the Judiciary would
choose cases on an online premise, connecting electronically with parties. Prior determination of
question on HMOC would likewise be accomplished through crafted by people we call
'facilitators' (ODR Advisory Group 2015: 6). The gathering recommends three levels: online
assessment (guidance); online assistance (intercession); and online judges (overseeing and
choosing cases) (Hodges 2015). Numbers in the present little claims framework have contracted
from 60,000 of every 2001 to an insignificant 25,000 of every 2014. That use is 'overshadowed
by the 500,000 question handled in 2014 in the ombudsmen framework, which have kept on
ascending for a few years' (Hodges 2015). Hodges (2015) takes note of that 'it is as of now settled
that purchasers who have question with merchants are more pulled in to ombudsmen than to
courts or administrative protest capacities'. Inquiries concerning the suitability of a court-based
ODR framework point to the missing human component, the requirement for discourse, and the
significance of unloading where terms and assertions may have been misconstrued. But then,
eBay's ODR framework is conceivably a standout amongst the best contentions for taking a
gander at extending where and how these procedures are actualized. Around 60 million
contradictions among merchants on eBay are settled each year utilizing (ODR Advisory Group
2015: 11-12).
6. CONCLUSION
This empirical study of how laypeople utilize the Internet to react to issues with lawful issues
avows the significance of client encounter outline and characterizes an underlying arrangement of
client prerequisites for better methods of online lawful administrations. Following this underlying
investigation of a restricted statistic, and of a specific sort of lawful errand, there is requirement
for additionally investigation of laypeople's encounters with online legitimate help
administrations. The client needs, inclinations, and work processes archived here can be checked
in more broad observational and ethnographic future investigations. Future endeavors can
likewise test the bits of knowledge by really fabricating innovations upon them, setting them in
the hands of non-legal advisors, and testing whether clients' understanding, engagement, and
finish on legitimate errands are enhanced by new, client focused plans of lawful help
administrations. This investigation establishes a framework of bits of knowledge and necessities
which ensuing examinations must test and grow. This Article additionally can be utilized as the
initial phase in an outline procedure that outcomes in the formation of new models of lawful
administrations. The client necessities and discoveries can fill in as foundational experiences for
originators and engineers, who are occupied with making higher quality online legitimate help.
The outline ideas talked about in the Takeaways session offer some encouraging headings for
usage centered associations to seek after. The client research and outline ideas in a perfect world
will be utilized to model new sorts of legitimate data destinations, record get together devices,
debate determination stages, and other online lawful administrations. Testing of these new models
will likewise add to scholarly talks of what sorts of introductions and instruments are best in
connecting the entrance to equity hole. To convey advancement to the entrance to equity
development, there should be more observational investigation of what diverse gatherings of
laypeople require and incline toward when utilizing innovation based assets, and in addition
improvement of these new devices. This two-track way to deal with advancement will convey on
the colossal guarantee that moderate innovation, productive information systems, and intelligent
plan has for individuals' capacity to explore the lawful framework proficiently and successfully.
8. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 10, No 5, October 2018
20
7. REFERENCES
[1] Rethinking Access to Justice | James J. Sandman | Hawaii Access to Justice Conference
http://www.hawaiijustice.org/hajc/access-to-justice-commission/2014-access to-justice-conference
Litigant Portals Provide a New Approach to Help Self-Represented Litigants
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[2] TOMORROW’S LAWYERS: AN INTRODUCTION TO YOUR FUTURE By RICHARD
SUSSKIND. (90-91)
[3] Using Technology to Enhance Access to Justice by JOHN GREACEN(243–44)
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[4] Software Usability and Legal Informatics by Anna Ronkainen
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[5] Leveraging Technology to Deliver Legal Services by Chris Johnson
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[6] Web-based Legal Services Delivery Capabilities, in Using Technology to Enhance Access to Justice
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02 March 2018
[7] Just a Phone Call Away: Is Telephone Advice Enough, Nigel J. Balmer
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254322617_Just_a_phone_call_away_Is_telephone_advice_
enough Last Access: 03 March 2018
[8] ACCESSING JUSTICE IN THE CONTEMPORARY USA, REBECCA L. SANDEFUR
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2478040 Last Access: 05 March 2018
[9] http://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_aid_indigent_defendants/initiatives/resource_center_for_
access_to_justice/resources---information-on-keyatj issues/grants.html Last Access: 010 March 2018
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[11] https://www.illinoislegalaid.org/ Last Accesss: 10 March 2018
[12] Comment to Immigration Direct, CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Dieter of South Dartmouth, MA(2013)
http://www.consumeraffairs.com
[13] Comment to Immigration Direct, CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Ernst of Miami
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[14] Comment to Immigration Direct, CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Christine of Durham, NH
https://www.consumeraffairs.com/legal/immigrationdirect.html
[15] Comment to Immigration Direct, CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Martin of Morgan Hill, CA
https://www.consumeraffairs.com/legal/immigrationdirect.html
[16] Data Collection in a Flat World: The Strengths and Weaknesses of Mechanical Turk Samples
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2016308 lastAccess: 07 March 2018