This document provides information on several genera in the Oncidiinae subtribe, including Aspasia, Cochlioda, Symphyglossum, and Trichocentrum. It describes the natural habitats and distributions, morphological characteristics, cultural requirements and hybridization of various species within these genera. While the taxonomy has undergone revisions, these genera contain epiphytic orchid species that generally grow in tropical and subtropical Americas, with colors ranging from yellow to red, and some that are bird-pollinated.
Signboard on the 'Rooted in Time' self-drive tour of the Knysna forests in the Garden Route National Park. https://www.sanparks.org/parks/garden_route/
Naturescaping and Xeriscaping in the Texas Coastal BendFiona9864
This document provides information on native plant species that are suitable for naturescaping and xeriscaping in the Texas Coastal Bend region. It discusses how using native plants can help conserve water and protect natural habitats while providing beauty and benefits for wildlife. An annotated checklist is then provided describing over 50 native plant species, their growth habits, environmental preferences, landscape uses, and value as a food source or habitat for local animals. The checklist covers trees, shrubs, vines, ferns, grasses, flowers and other plant types suitable for the region.
This document describes 16 different plant and animal species observed by Greyson Hobbs in their yard in Cleveland, GA for a biology course project. It provides the scientific name, description, location observed, and 3 interesting facts for each species, which include trees like pecan, magnolia, oak, and cedar trees as well as plants like broom moss and insects like camel crickets and yellow jackets.
Ironwood trees, also known as desert ironwood or palo fierro, are ecologically and economically important in the Sonoran Desert region. They can grow up to 15 meters tall and 800 years old. As nurse plants, ironwood trees provide protected microhabitats that allow many other plant and animal species to survive in the desert. Their dense canopies buffer temperatures and protect other species from freezing and heat. Over 500 other species depend on ironwood trees. While not endangered, ironwood populations have been declining over thousands of square kilometers annually.
16 of the most magnificent trees in the worldJulianne Cox
This document provides a summary of 16 of the most magnificent trees from around the world. Some of the trees highlighted include a 144-year-old wisteria vine in Japan covering half an acre, wind-swept trees in New Zealand that grow at an angle due to strong winds, and the Angel Oak tree in South Carolina that is estimated to be over 1,400 years old. The document aims to showcase amazing and beautiful trees from locations including Japan, New Zealand, Germany, South Carolina, Brazil, Yemen, California, Oregon, Hawaii, South Africa, and Northern Ireland.
This document discusses coniferophyta, which are gymnosperms that bear their seeds in cones. It provides information on key families of conifers present in the Philippines, including Araucariaceae (Agathis), Pinaceae (Pinus), Podocarpaceae (Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Nageia, Phyllocladus, Podocarpus, Sundacarpus), and Taxaceae (Taxus). For each genus, 1-2 species found in the Philippines are highlighted with descriptions of their distributions and conservation statuses. The document emphasizes the ecological and economic importance of conifers.
The document describes the key characteristics of the Fabaceae family of flowering plants. It notes that Fabaceae includes trees, shrubs and herbs found worldwide in temperate and tropical areas. The leaves are usually alternate and compound. The flowers typically have 5 sepals and 5 overlapping petals in a distinctive pattern, with 10 stamens that are joined or separate. The pistil consists of a single style and ovary above multiple ovules. Economically important plants in this family include beans, peas, carob, and various trees.
Signboard on the 'Rooted in Time' self-drive tour of the Knysna forests in the Garden Route National Park. https://www.sanparks.org/parks/garden_route/
Naturescaping and Xeriscaping in the Texas Coastal BendFiona9864
This document provides information on native plant species that are suitable for naturescaping and xeriscaping in the Texas Coastal Bend region. It discusses how using native plants can help conserve water and protect natural habitats while providing beauty and benefits for wildlife. An annotated checklist is then provided describing over 50 native plant species, their growth habits, environmental preferences, landscape uses, and value as a food source or habitat for local animals. The checklist covers trees, shrubs, vines, ferns, grasses, flowers and other plant types suitable for the region.
This document describes 16 different plant and animal species observed by Greyson Hobbs in their yard in Cleveland, GA for a biology course project. It provides the scientific name, description, location observed, and 3 interesting facts for each species, which include trees like pecan, magnolia, oak, and cedar trees as well as plants like broom moss and insects like camel crickets and yellow jackets.
Ironwood trees, also known as desert ironwood or palo fierro, are ecologically and economically important in the Sonoran Desert region. They can grow up to 15 meters tall and 800 years old. As nurse plants, ironwood trees provide protected microhabitats that allow many other plant and animal species to survive in the desert. Their dense canopies buffer temperatures and protect other species from freezing and heat. Over 500 other species depend on ironwood trees. While not endangered, ironwood populations have been declining over thousands of square kilometers annually.
16 of the most magnificent trees in the worldJulianne Cox
This document provides a summary of 16 of the most magnificent trees from around the world. Some of the trees highlighted include a 144-year-old wisteria vine in Japan covering half an acre, wind-swept trees in New Zealand that grow at an angle due to strong winds, and the Angel Oak tree in South Carolina that is estimated to be over 1,400 years old. The document aims to showcase amazing and beautiful trees from locations including Japan, New Zealand, Germany, South Carolina, Brazil, Yemen, California, Oregon, Hawaii, South Africa, and Northern Ireland.
This document discusses coniferophyta, which are gymnosperms that bear their seeds in cones. It provides information on key families of conifers present in the Philippines, including Araucariaceae (Agathis), Pinaceae (Pinus), Podocarpaceae (Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Nageia, Phyllocladus, Podocarpus, Sundacarpus), and Taxaceae (Taxus). For each genus, 1-2 species found in the Philippines are highlighted with descriptions of their distributions and conservation statuses. The document emphasizes the ecological and economic importance of conifers.
The document describes the key characteristics of the Fabaceae family of flowering plants. It notes that Fabaceae includes trees, shrubs and herbs found worldwide in temperate and tropical areas. The leaves are usually alternate and compound. The flowers typically have 5 sepals and 5 overlapping petals in a distinctive pattern, with 10 stamens that are joined or separate. The pistil consists of a single style and ovary above multiple ovules. Economically important plants in this family include beans, peas, carob, and various trees.
The document is a trail guide for the University of Central Florida Arboretum. It provides an introduction to the trail and terms used in the guide. The guide then describes 15 plant species that can be seen along the trails, including their scientific names, families, growth forms, key identifying features, historical uses, and edibility. The guide concludes with contact information for the arboretum.
Conifers bear their reproductive organs in cones rather than flowers. Male cones produce pollen that fertilizes female cones to develop seeds. Conifers are gymnosperms that bear naked seeds, unlike angiosperms whose seeds develop within fruits. Conifers have many uses including timber, resin/turpentine extraction, railway sleepers, paper production, and food. Their timber is strong, durable, and inexpensive. Resins from various conifers have medical uses as antiseptics, diuretics, and treatments for respiratory and skin ailments.
This document discusses the floral biology and breeding of coconut. It begins by outlining the taxonomic classification of coconut and describing its origin and worldwide distribution. It then covers the plant's morphology and uses. The document details coconut's floral biology, pollination process, and fruit development. It concludes by explaining coconut breeding methods, including introduction, selection, and hybridization approaches. Mass selection of superior mother palms based on traits like yield, age, leaf and flower characteristics, and nut size and shape is emphasized.
This document describes several plant species found in dry, western regions of North America:
- Bitterbrush is a silvery shrub with yellow flowers that provides important forage for mule deer and other wildlife. It grows in dry, well-drained slopes with sagebrush.
- Cattail is a primitive wetland plant dating back to the time of dinosaurs. It grows in dense stands in marshes and swamps, and was used by Native Americans for food and medicine.
- Great Basin sagebrush is a widespread shrub that grows from 1000 to 10,000 feet and provides habitat for sage grouse, rabbits and pronghorn. It was used by Native Americans for food, fuel, and construction
Inga edulis is a large tree native to South and Central America that reaches 30 meters tall. It produces long, spirally twisted seed pods up to 1 meter long containing sweet, edible pulp and seeds. The fruit is popular for human consumption and the seeds are dispersed by monkeys and birds eating the pulp. I. edulis fixes nitrogen, provides shade, and grows well in low-nutrient soils, making it suitable for agroforestry systems.
The tree in my school presentation was given by the Eagle Group about several trees found on the school grounds, including a damask rose, ebony tree, rose apple tree, orchid tree, palm tree, jungle flame, ferns, and she oak trees. The presentation included the name, scientific name, description, benefits, and location of each tree. It was presented by the Eagle Group members led by Nutthawut Likitthangtham.
Mesquite and Palo Verde Trees for the Urban Landscape - University of ArizonianFaizah68w
This document provides information on several mesquite and palo verde tree species that are suitable for urban landscapes in Arizona. It describes the characteristics of mesquite trees including their drought tolerance, size, native ranges, and uses by early peoples. The document then summarizes eight different mesquite species and varieties native to North America and South America, describing their identifying features such as leaf shape and size, bark, flowers, seed pods, cold hardiness, and mature size. It also discusses hybrid mesquite varieties and their characteristics. The document concludes with sections on mesquite culture and potential problems like mistletoe infestation and root rot.
The document summarizes information about the Fraxinus angustifolia, or common ash tree. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree that can reach 25 meters tall, with light green spear-shaped leaves. It bears small seeds called samaras that are dispersed by wind. The tree grows in wet soils near water sources in southern and eastern Europe, below 1500 meters where frost is less common. Its wood is useful for furniture, tools, and preventing erosion, while cattle consume its leaves and roots which are believed to prevent sickness.
The Redwood Trail San Francisco Botanical Garden At Strybing Arboretum6D45520z848622K444
This document provides a summary of the plants found along the Redwood Trail at the San Francisco Botanical Garden. It describes 25 different plant species that make up the coastal redwood forest ecosystem, including Coast Redwood trees, sword ferns, hazelnuts, and madrones. It explains how the redwoods and other plants have adapted to the moist, foggy conditions near the coast and how their root systems and reproduction methods allow the fragile forest community to survive. The summary encourages learning more about redwood forest conservation efforts.
School Project / ppt presentation / Powerpoint /English Projectanushkaa3604
This is a school project for class 8 on the Chapter The Desert.People can feel free to use this presentation for any purpose.you can even use our text.
The document provides information about coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), including its classification, origin, cultivation, varieties, breeding methods, and hybridization. It notes that coconut palm is widely cultivated in tropical regions and classified into tall and dwarf varieties based on growth characteristics. Mass selection and hybridization, particularly tall x dwarf crosses, have been used in coconut breeding to develop high-yielding varieties that exhibit heterosis.
The document discusses various species of baobab trees, which are native to Africa, Madagascar, and Australia. It provides details on their unusual bulbous trunks that can store up to 120,000 liters of water, helping the trees survive in dry climates. All parts of the baobab tree are useful, as the leaves, fruits, seeds, and powdery fruit pulp provide nutrients. Some baobab trees are estimated to be over 6,000 years old.
This document provides information about common tree species found in the Barrier Lake Area of Kananaskis Country, Alberta. It identifies both broadleaf and conifer tree types and provides details about key identifying features such as appearance, leaves or needles, bark, cones, and examples of each species in stands. Species described include lodgepole pine, white spruce, Douglas fir, subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, alpine larch, trembling aspen, and balsam poplar.
The document provides information about several different plants in short passages:
- It describes the guava plant, its fruit which is rich in vitamins and minerals, and details about its seeds, flowers, and leaves.
- It discusses two types of smog and the temperature inversion condition under which smog develops and is concentrated near the ground.
- It gives an overview of eagles, their size, wings, beaks, eyesight, nest-building habits, and numbers found in different regions.
- It provides details about cacti and how they have adapted to survive in hot, dry desert environments through their thick stems, spines, roots, and ability to store water.
- The final passage
The document discusses several unique and remarkable plants from around the world, including:
1) Welwitschia, an ancient plant from Africa that produces only two leaves over its 1500-year lifespan.
2) Bristlecone pine trees, the oldest living organisms on Earth at over 4800 years old.
3) Giant redwood trees, which can grow over 260 feet tall and live for over 3000 years.
4) Rafflesia, the largest flower in the world at over 3 feet in diameter.
Why go with native plants?
1. Indigenous to where you live for eons!’
2. Adapted to our local climate for eons!
3. Provides a reliable food course for wildlife and insects!
4. Once established requires little maintenance!
5. Does not need fertilizers, pesticides not extensive watering
6. Native plants are just as attractive as exotic ones!
This document provides guidelines for pruning various native Southern California plants. It discusses different types of pruning including tip-pruning to promote bushy growth, removing dead or diseased branches, pruning to shape young plants, light pruning or deadheading of flowering heads, thinning branches to promote growth, hedge shearing, and mowing. For each plant type or group, it specifies the best time of year to prune and any additional recommendations. The goal of pruning native plants is to promote healthy growth while maintaining the plants' natural shapes and forms.
This document summarizes key characteristics of several families within the asterid order, including Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, and Asteraceae. It provides diagnostic traits for each family such as flower morphology, ovary position, and economic importance. For example, it notes that Apocynaceae are distinguished by their 5-merous perianth and usually 2 carpels, while Asteraceae are characterized by their heads of flowers subtended by involucral bracts. It also frequently includes examples of economically important genera within each family.
This document provides information about orchids, including:
- Orchids are a diverse family of flowering plants with about 28,000 species across 763 genera, showing monopodial and sympodial growth habits.
- Characteristics include three sepals, three petals, a column containing reproductive organs, and an inferior ovary.
- Orchids are native to tropical regions of Asia and Australia and have importance for medicine, gardens, food, and symbolism.
- The document discusses propagation methods, maintenance needs like watering, fertilizing, and pest/disease control, and harvesting practices for orchid cultivation.
The document is a trail guide for the University of Central Florida Arboretum. It provides an introduction to the trail and terms used in the guide. The guide then describes 15 plant species that can be seen along the trails, including their scientific names, families, growth forms, key identifying features, historical uses, and edibility. The guide concludes with contact information for the arboretum.
Conifers bear their reproductive organs in cones rather than flowers. Male cones produce pollen that fertilizes female cones to develop seeds. Conifers are gymnosperms that bear naked seeds, unlike angiosperms whose seeds develop within fruits. Conifers have many uses including timber, resin/turpentine extraction, railway sleepers, paper production, and food. Their timber is strong, durable, and inexpensive. Resins from various conifers have medical uses as antiseptics, diuretics, and treatments for respiratory and skin ailments.
This document discusses the floral biology and breeding of coconut. It begins by outlining the taxonomic classification of coconut and describing its origin and worldwide distribution. It then covers the plant's morphology and uses. The document details coconut's floral biology, pollination process, and fruit development. It concludes by explaining coconut breeding methods, including introduction, selection, and hybridization approaches. Mass selection of superior mother palms based on traits like yield, age, leaf and flower characteristics, and nut size and shape is emphasized.
This document describes several plant species found in dry, western regions of North America:
- Bitterbrush is a silvery shrub with yellow flowers that provides important forage for mule deer and other wildlife. It grows in dry, well-drained slopes with sagebrush.
- Cattail is a primitive wetland plant dating back to the time of dinosaurs. It grows in dense stands in marshes and swamps, and was used by Native Americans for food and medicine.
- Great Basin sagebrush is a widespread shrub that grows from 1000 to 10,000 feet and provides habitat for sage grouse, rabbits and pronghorn. It was used by Native Americans for food, fuel, and construction
Inga edulis is a large tree native to South and Central America that reaches 30 meters tall. It produces long, spirally twisted seed pods up to 1 meter long containing sweet, edible pulp and seeds. The fruit is popular for human consumption and the seeds are dispersed by monkeys and birds eating the pulp. I. edulis fixes nitrogen, provides shade, and grows well in low-nutrient soils, making it suitable for agroforestry systems.
The tree in my school presentation was given by the Eagle Group about several trees found on the school grounds, including a damask rose, ebony tree, rose apple tree, orchid tree, palm tree, jungle flame, ferns, and she oak trees. The presentation included the name, scientific name, description, benefits, and location of each tree. It was presented by the Eagle Group members led by Nutthawut Likitthangtham.
Mesquite and Palo Verde Trees for the Urban Landscape - University of ArizonianFaizah68w
This document provides information on several mesquite and palo verde tree species that are suitable for urban landscapes in Arizona. It describes the characteristics of mesquite trees including their drought tolerance, size, native ranges, and uses by early peoples. The document then summarizes eight different mesquite species and varieties native to North America and South America, describing their identifying features such as leaf shape and size, bark, flowers, seed pods, cold hardiness, and mature size. It also discusses hybrid mesquite varieties and their characteristics. The document concludes with sections on mesquite culture and potential problems like mistletoe infestation and root rot.
The document summarizes information about the Fraxinus angustifolia, or common ash tree. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree that can reach 25 meters tall, with light green spear-shaped leaves. It bears small seeds called samaras that are dispersed by wind. The tree grows in wet soils near water sources in southern and eastern Europe, below 1500 meters where frost is less common. Its wood is useful for furniture, tools, and preventing erosion, while cattle consume its leaves and roots which are believed to prevent sickness.
The Redwood Trail San Francisco Botanical Garden At Strybing Arboretum6D45520z848622K444
This document provides a summary of the plants found along the Redwood Trail at the San Francisco Botanical Garden. It describes 25 different plant species that make up the coastal redwood forest ecosystem, including Coast Redwood trees, sword ferns, hazelnuts, and madrones. It explains how the redwoods and other plants have adapted to the moist, foggy conditions near the coast and how their root systems and reproduction methods allow the fragile forest community to survive. The summary encourages learning more about redwood forest conservation efforts.
School Project / ppt presentation / Powerpoint /English Projectanushkaa3604
This is a school project for class 8 on the Chapter The Desert.People can feel free to use this presentation for any purpose.you can even use our text.
The document provides information about coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), including its classification, origin, cultivation, varieties, breeding methods, and hybridization. It notes that coconut palm is widely cultivated in tropical regions and classified into tall and dwarf varieties based on growth characteristics. Mass selection and hybridization, particularly tall x dwarf crosses, have been used in coconut breeding to develop high-yielding varieties that exhibit heterosis.
The document discusses various species of baobab trees, which are native to Africa, Madagascar, and Australia. It provides details on their unusual bulbous trunks that can store up to 120,000 liters of water, helping the trees survive in dry climates. All parts of the baobab tree are useful, as the leaves, fruits, seeds, and powdery fruit pulp provide nutrients. Some baobab trees are estimated to be over 6,000 years old.
This document provides information about common tree species found in the Barrier Lake Area of Kananaskis Country, Alberta. It identifies both broadleaf and conifer tree types and provides details about key identifying features such as appearance, leaves or needles, bark, cones, and examples of each species in stands. Species described include lodgepole pine, white spruce, Douglas fir, subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, alpine larch, trembling aspen, and balsam poplar.
The document provides information about several different plants in short passages:
- It describes the guava plant, its fruit which is rich in vitamins and minerals, and details about its seeds, flowers, and leaves.
- It discusses two types of smog and the temperature inversion condition under which smog develops and is concentrated near the ground.
- It gives an overview of eagles, their size, wings, beaks, eyesight, nest-building habits, and numbers found in different regions.
- It provides details about cacti and how they have adapted to survive in hot, dry desert environments through their thick stems, spines, roots, and ability to store water.
- The final passage
The document discusses several unique and remarkable plants from around the world, including:
1) Welwitschia, an ancient plant from Africa that produces only two leaves over its 1500-year lifespan.
2) Bristlecone pine trees, the oldest living organisms on Earth at over 4800 years old.
3) Giant redwood trees, which can grow over 260 feet tall and live for over 3000 years.
4) Rafflesia, the largest flower in the world at over 3 feet in diameter.
Why go with native plants?
1. Indigenous to where you live for eons!’
2. Adapted to our local climate for eons!
3. Provides a reliable food course for wildlife and insects!
4. Once established requires little maintenance!
5. Does not need fertilizers, pesticides not extensive watering
6. Native plants are just as attractive as exotic ones!
This document provides guidelines for pruning various native Southern California plants. It discusses different types of pruning including tip-pruning to promote bushy growth, removing dead or diseased branches, pruning to shape young plants, light pruning or deadheading of flowering heads, thinning branches to promote growth, hedge shearing, and mowing. For each plant type or group, it specifies the best time of year to prune and any additional recommendations. The goal of pruning native plants is to promote healthy growth while maintaining the plants' natural shapes and forms.
This document summarizes key characteristics of several families within the asterid order, including Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, and Asteraceae. It provides diagnostic traits for each family such as flower morphology, ovary position, and economic importance. For example, it notes that Apocynaceae are distinguished by their 5-merous perianth and usually 2 carpels, while Asteraceae are characterized by their heads of flowers subtended by involucral bracts. It also frequently includes examples of economically important genera within each family.
This document provides information about orchids, including:
- Orchids are a diverse family of flowering plants with about 28,000 species across 763 genera, showing monopodial and sympodial growth habits.
- Characteristics include three sepals, three petals, a column containing reproductive organs, and an inferior ovary.
- Orchids are native to tropical regions of Asia and Australia and have importance for medicine, gardens, food, and symbolism.
- The document discusses propagation methods, maintenance needs like watering, fertilizing, and pest/disease control, and harvesting practices for orchid cultivation.
Horticulturist Bill Barash presents information about Plant Families, describing distinguishing characteristics, examples of plants in each family, folkloric and medicinal use
Raspberry, Currant and Strawberry; by Wilkins Raymond Harvey (1915)FalXda
This document provides an overview of raspberry varieties and their origins. It discusses the three main species - Rubus idaeus (European red raspberry), Rubus strigosus (American red raspberry), and Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry). While the European species were some of the earliest cultivated varieties, they proved unsuitable to most of North America due to lack of hardiness. Breeding efforts focused on developing varieties from the native North American species. Prominent cultivated varieties mentioned include Antwerp, Brandywine, Cuthbert, Purple Cane, Shaffer, and Doolittle. Propagation methods for raspberries include root cuttings, suckers, and tip layering depending on
This document discusses plant biodiversity and summarizes key information about different types of plants and climatic zones for plant growth. It defines biodiversity and estimates the number of known plant species. It describes plant adaptations and the role of botanical gardens in conservation. It also summarizes the naming system for plants developed by Linnaeus and describes the main groups of flowering and non-flowering plants, including gymnosperms, angiosperms, mosses and ferns. Finally, it characterizes different climatic zones suitable for plant growth, such as rainforests, deserts and temperate zones.
The document provides an overview of botany and various plant species from around the world. It discusses the history of botany and important figures like Theophrastus and Linnaeus. It then summarizes key details about various notable plant species, including their identifying characteristics, geographical locations, longevity records, and taxonomic classifications. Images accompany many of the plant descriptions.
Flowering plants show immense diversity in their morphology, ecology, taxonomy, and phylogeny. They range in size from the tiny duckweeds less than 2 mm wide to Eucalyptus trees over 100 m tall. Most are photosynthetic, though some are parasitic on fungi or other plants. They occupy nearly all land and aquatic habitats. Taxonomically, there are over 300,000 known species classified into 64 orders and 416 families. The Ranunculaceae family includes over 2,500 herbaceous species, many with showy flowers and compound leaves. Clematis is a notable genus of over 380 climbing species.
Angiosperms are flowering plants that evolved around 125-100 million years ago. They are the largest group of plants, making up approximately 80% of all known living plant species. Angiosperms have flowers and fruits and characteristics like roots, stems, leaves, xylem, and phloem. They are divided into two classes - monocots which have one cotyledon, and dicots which have two. Angiosperms occupy nearly every habitat on Earth with some exceptions. They are economically important as sources of food, fibers, medicines and more.
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
Project of PG Diploma Environmental Studies of Andhra Universityrcedr
PG Diploma in Environmental Studies project report--Good to know information on Environmental related issues and the conflict between the Industrial development and the Depleting Environmental Conditions
This document discusses the botany, classification, distribution, cultivation and growth requirements of orchids. It notes that orchids are the largest family of flowering plants, with over 800 genera and 25,000 species found worldwide. India is home to over 1,300 native orchid species, found mainly in the Himalayas, northeast India and Western Ghats. The document outlines the different genera of commercial importance and describes the botany, morphology, classification based on growth habit and temperature requirements, and climatic zones where orchids thrive. It provides details on selecting, growing and factors affecting the growth of orchids.
The document summarizes the Cyperaceae and Poaceae families of monocotyledonous flowering plants. It describes their key characteristics such as stem structure, leaf and flower features. Both families are economically important, with Cyperaceae providing edible tubers and uses in medicine, and Poaceae being a major source of food grains as well as materials like paper, oils and sugars. The Poaceae family in particular includes important crops like wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane.
This document provides information on orchids, including their species, growth habits, structures, propagation methods, and cultivation practices. It discusses that there are 25,000 to 30,000 orchid species divided into 700-800 genera. Orchids can grow terrestrially, epiphytically, or lithophytically. The document describes monopodial and sympodial growth patterns and lists example orchid genera that exhibit each. It also summarizes orchid flower structures, classification systems, hybrids suitable for cut flowers, and postharvest handling recommendations for dendrobium and cymbidium orchids.
Introduction- PTERIDOPHYTES
Pteridophytes in the broad interpretation of the term are vascular plants (plants with xylem & phloem) that reproduce & disperse via spores, because they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are refered to as CRYPTOGAMS.
The 305 genera & 13,000 species of pteridophytes found throughout the world.
The pteridophyte includes Clubmosses,SPike-mosses, Quilworts,Horsetails,Ferns.
FERNS -Adiantum (Maiden-hair fern)
(Family-Pteridaceae)
A.pedatum, A. raddianum(Delta-maiden hair),
Asplenium, (FAMILY-ASPLENACEAE)- Asplenium nidus
(Birds nest fern),
Blechnum, (family-blechnaceae) , Cyrotomium, (family-dryopteridaceae), Davalia, (family-davalliaceae), Doryopteris
(family-pteridaceae), Nephrolepis,(family-lomariopsidaceae) -N. biserrata furcans, N. exallata mucosa, Pityrogramma
(family-pteridaceae), P.calomelanos (silver fern), P.chrysophylla (golden fern), Platycerium family-polypodiaceae
P. bifurcatum, P.willinckii (silver staghorn),Polypodium(family-polypodiaceae), Polystichum (family-dryopteridaceae),Pteris
(family- pteridaceae), CONCLUSION
This document provides information on breeding of orchids. It begins with the classification, origin, and description of orchids. It then discusses the vegetative growth, floral biology, and important orchid species. The objectives and methods of orchid breeding are outlined, including hybridization, mutation breeding, polyploidy breeding, and biotechnology. Specific hybrids resulting from these methods are presented for various orchid genera. International ruling varieties are also listed.
This document summarizes the flora and fauna found in the Natural Park of the Acorns in Algeciras, Spain. It describes several types of plants found there including daisies, ferns, roses, silk flowers, creeks, mushrooms, olives, and broomrape. It also lists some of the animals in the park including common frogs, snails, mantises, dragonflies, butterflies, centipedes, moths, orchids, and sea anemones. The park provides a habitat for this diverse set of local wildlife and is a place for nature-related activities.
This document provides an introduction to identifying various climbers, shrubs, and creepers. It describes several common climbing plants such as bougainvillea and wisteria that climb trees using twining stems. It also lists characteristics of different shrubs including holly, carissa, and periwinkle. Finally, it discusses ground-covering creepers like coral pea, fraser island creeper, and heart leaf flame pea. For each plant, the document mentions scientific name, family, flowering color and period, and brief descriptive details. The goal is to educate about classifying and recognizing these different types of climbing, shrubby, and creeping plants.
The evolution of plants began about 500 million years ago. Early plants like algae were aquatic, while bryophytes were small non-vascular plants that lived on land. Pteridophytes were the first vascular plants with tissues like ferns. Gymnosperms were large woody plants like conifers that reproduced with naked seeds. Angiosperms are the largest and most diverse group, including flowering plants that produce fruits and seeds and come in monocots and dicots. Over time, plants evolved new tissues and organs to adapt to life on land and reproduce successfully.
linneus system of classification (1).pptxAliUmer22
Carolus Linnaeus developed the first hierarchical classification system for organisms. He divided plants into 24 classes based on their stamen characteristics such as number, union, and length. Each class was exemplified by common genera that fit the class description. For example, the class Monandria included plants with one stamen like Canna lily. Linnaeus' system used artificial and sexual characteristics to group organisms and introduced binomial nomenclature, revolutionizing taxonomy.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Oncidium Alliance
1. ONCIDIINAE
(The Oncidium Alliance)
These plants grow naturally in the tropical and sub-
tropical Americas and the Caribbean, mainly as
epiphytes. There are a confusing number of genera
and hundreds of species. Some sections interbreed
freely in cultivation and there are a large number of
intergeneric names. The taxonomists have recently
had a field day with this sub-tribe and many plants we
know as odonto- glossums and oncidiums have been
reclassified and given new names.
2. Aspasia (Aps)
• The genus Aspasia of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) includes EIGHT
plant species.
• The species of the genus Aspasia have a wide distribution from
Guatemala across the north of South America to Brazil, Colombia
and Ecuador.
• They grow there as epiphytes in humid rainforests of the lowlands.
Statistics:
The Plant List includes 17 scientific plant names of species rank for
the genus Aspasia. Of these 7 are accepted species names.
4. • Common Name The Epidendrum-Like Aspasia
• Flower Size 1 1/2" long [3.75 cm]
• Found as a large sized, hot to warm growing epiphyte at
elevations below 1000 meters in Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and northern South
America overhanging rivers in moist forests.
• A fragrant, winter to fall bloomer that is often used in
hybridizing and makes the new genera Miltassia when
crossed with Miltonia. It needs crowded pot conditions and
hot to warm temperatures to flower best.
• Synonyms Aspasia barclayi Rolfe, Bull. 1892 ; Aspasia
fragrans Kl. 1853; Odontoglossum aspasia Rchb.f 1861
HYBRID EXAMPLES BELOW:
6. • This species remains small and compact. It blooms
more and more sparsely on short stems with brightly
colored flowers.
• Care: In winter bright to sunny, slightly shaded in
summer, also possible in the garden.
• Temp.: 16 – 22 degress C.
• Origin: Guatamala to Brazil
8. Aspasia omissa Christenson (2004) Colombia.
Common Name The Missed Aspasia
Exclusively from Colombia is Aspasia omissa, that is a species recently
described whose full range is not yet determined.
10. • Common Name The Elegant Aspasia
• Flower Size 3" [7.5 cm]
• Found as a medium sized, hot growing epiphyte in Costa Rica, Panama and
Colombia in lowland tropical rainforests at elevations of sea level to 500 meters.
• An axillary of 10" [25 cm] long, few [4 to 6] flowered inflorescence arising on a
mature pseudobulb with nicely fragrant, successively opening flowers.
• After flowering a short 1 to 2 month rest is beneficial, resume watering and
fertilizer with the onset of new growth and flowers best if given very cramped
quarters in a small pot. This species is in flower for various months if given
proper culture. This species is often found in conjunction with ants and may
benefit by their being present.
• Synonyms Aspasia biberiana Rchb. f. 1854; Aspasia epidendroides var.
principissa (Rchb. f.) P.H. Allen 1949; Aspasia rousseauae Schltr. 1922;
Odontoglossum biberianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. 1864; Odontoglossum principissa
(Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. 1864
12. • Common Name The Parrot-Colored Aspasia
• Flower Size 2" high x 1 3/5” wide [5 cm]
• Found in Ecuador and Peru at elevations of 30 to 520 meters in
seasonally dry forests with frequent nocturnal fog as a hot growing,
caespitose (cluster) epiphyte.
• has 3 to 8, fragrant [clove] flowers that open in succession over a
long period.
• After flowering a short 1 to 2 month rest is beneficial, Likes cramped
quarters in a small pot. This species can keiki off of old bloom spikes
so do not cut them off until they are brown if you want babies.
• Synonyms Odontoglossum psittacinum Rchb. 1877
• Could not find any Hybrids.
14. • Common Name The Forest Growing Aspasia
• Flower Size 3 1/4" [8 cm]
• Found in the Atlantic forest of Bahia, Espirito Santo and Rio de
Janiero states, in mountainous rain or cloud forests at elevations of
200 and up to 700 meters, in shaded and humid places as a small to
just medium sized, hot to warm growing epiphyte.
• Has ovoid, laterally compressed, stiptate, smooth pseudobulbs.
• Has a single flowered inflorescence that arises from the axillary leaf
sheaths and a very showy wide spread flower
• This species grows best with high air humidity, but it doesn't
tolerate damp roots, they will rot if kept too wet.
This plant is similar to Aps. lunata but is 3 times larger.
16. • Common Name The Variegated Aspasia
• Flower Size 1 3/4" [4.5 cm]
• Found in Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia in moist forests at
elevations of 200 meters as a small sized, hot growing epiphyte with
a creeping, slender, bracteate rhizome.
• Has few to several flowered, to 10" [25 cm] long, racemose
inflorescence that gives rise to a few, successively opening, fragrant
flowers.
• This terrestrial orchid grows in hot temperatures with high humidity
and moderate shade.
• Synonyms Aspasia interrupta Hoffmanns. 1844; Aspasia liturata Link
ex Rchb.f. 1855; Odontoglossum variegatum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1864
• No hybrids found
17. Cochlioda -Cda• Its name is derived from the Greek word “kochlioides” for “spiral”. The type species
is Cda. densiflora Lindl. The Genus is abbreviated Cda in horticulture.
• The genus is named its shell shaped lip callus
• The genus consists of about six epiphytic plants inhabiting montane cloud forests in
Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru at altitudes between 1700 m and 3300 m.
• The small plants impress with their medium length, rarely branched inflorescences
bearing numerous flowers whose brilliant colors range from yellow and orange to lilac,
red and purple. The flower shape varies from full and round to rather open with
narrow segments.
Statistics:
• The Plant List includes 15 scientific plant names of species rank for the
genus Cochlioda. Of these 9 are accepted species names.
• Natural Hybrids: Cochlioda x floryi (C. noezliana x C. rosea)
18. Cochlioda noezliana, in combination
with Odontoglossum, is important as the source of
red coloration in the production
of Odontioda hybrids
19. • Common Name or Meaning Noezl's Cochlioda [Swiss Orchid Collector
1800's]
• Flower Size 1 to 1 4/5" [2.5 to 4.5 cm]
• This small to medium sized, cold growing, epiphytic and sometimes
lithophitic species has a short rhizome and ovoid, laterally compressed,
rugose pseudobulbs.
• found in cloud forests in Peru and northern Bolivia at elevations of 2000
to 3500 meters and is a shade loving orchid that blooms in the fall and
winter.
• Synonyms Cochlioda densiflora Lindl. 1853; Cochlioda densiflora f. aurea
Roeth & O.Gruss 2003; Cochlioda floryi Rolfe 1911; Cochlioda notzliana
Rolfe 1892; Cochlioda noezliana var. superba L.Linden 1898;
Mesospinidium densiflorum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1872; *Odontoglossum
noezlianum Mast. ex L. Linden 1890; Oncidium noezlianum [Mast.] Chase
& NH Wms. 2008
22. • Common Name The Rose Colored Cochlioda
• Flower Size 1.5" [3.75 cm]
• Found in southeastern Ecuador and Peru in extremely wet, montane
forests at elevations of 1500 to 2200 meters as a miniature to small
sized, warm to cold growing epiphyte.
• carrying succesive flowers.
• Synonyms Mesospinidium roseum ( Lindl. ) Rchb.f. 1844;
Odontoglossum roseum Lindl. 1844; Oncidium roseum Beer 1854;
Oncidium roseoides Chse & NH Wms. 2008;
24. • Common Name or Meaning The Volcano Cochlioda
• Flower Size 1 3/4" [4 cm]
• Found at elevations of 1400 to 3000 meters in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru as a
cool to cold growing.
• This superlative compact Oncidium relative has clustering 2" flattened bulbs
with attractive 5" dark green leaves, multiple simple or branched spikes from 8"
to 16", carrying many crystalline hot pink 2" flowers with a prominent three-
lobed white pink-tipped lip
• A bifoliate lithophyte. This species is pollinated by hummingbirds and is
indegenious to Ecuador.
• Synonyms Cochlioda vulcanica var. splendens Froebel ex Cogn. 1898;
*Mesospinidium vulcanicum Rchb. f. 1872; Oncidium vulcanicum [Rchb.f] Chase
& NH Wms. 2008
25. Cochlioda mixtura
Common Name The Mixed Cochlioda . Flower Size 1.2" [3 cm]
Found in Bolivia near Cochabamba at elevations of 2000 to 2100 meters as a small sized, cold growing epiphyte.
Synonyms Oncidium mixturum (Dalström & Sönnemark) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams 2008
26. This species belongs to what is here referred to as the
Cochlioda clade.
This species has an impressive synonymy list and has jumped
back and forth between genera Cochlioda, Mesospinidium
Rchb.f. and Symphyglossum Schltr. through time, to finally
land in Odontoglossum based on molecular evidence (before
being lumped into Oncidium under the name "Oncidium
strictum" (from the synonym Cochlioda stricta Cogn.
27. Cochlioda beyrodtiana
Plants bloom in the spring with two to four 3 cm wide flowers.
Plants are found growing in the forest of Peru at elevations around 2100 to
2500 meters. Indegenious to Bolivia
Grow plants in cool temperatures in moderate light.
Common name: Beyrodt's Cochioda
Synonyms
1.Oncidium beyrodtioides Chase & NH Wms. 2008
28. Cochlioda chasei
• This appears to be a confused concept based on a drawing
of Odontoglossum tigroides and a “lost” Cochlioda
specimen. According to Bennett (pers. comm.) no dried
specimen was ever made. According to Chase (pers.
comm.), no living material was ever introduced to
horticulture by him. According to Christenson (pers.
comm.), the type specimen was actually deposited at MOL,
Lima, but no such dried or alcohol preserved specimen
exists there either (Trujillo pers. comm., and pers. obs.). See
Dalström (2001) for further discussion.
29. GENERAL REMARKS
• The general difference between Cochlioda and
Odontoglossum is traditionally based on the bright rose to
orange oral colors of Cochlioda, that suggest bird
pollination (although no actual evidence of bird pollination
has been documented, or seen by the author), as opposed
to sparsely documented bee pollination for Odontoglossum
(van der Pijl & Dodson 1966).
• Another and more distinct morphological difference is the
divided stigma of Cochlioda, which consists of a single
stigma variably divided into two lobes by the “in-bent”
rostellum. The stigma of all known Odontoglossum species
is more or less uniformly rounded.
30. SYMPHYGLOSSUM
There are 6 synonyms to the Genus Symphyglossum:
• Symphyglossum bowmanii
• Symphyglossum distans
• Symphyglossum ecuadorense
• Symphyglossum sanguineum
• Symphyglossum strictum
• Symphyglossum umbrosum
32. • Common Name The Blood Red Symphyglossum
• Flower Size more than 1" [more than 2.5 cm]. Presumed to be pollinated by
Hummingbirds
• A small to medium sized, cold to warm growing, epiphytic species from Ecuador and
northwestern Peru in wet forests at altitudes of 1200 to 2500 meters. Indegenious to
Columbia.
• This species has crosses made with it but registered under the name Cochlioda
sanguinea.
• Synonyms Cochlioda stricta Cogn 1897; Cochlioda sanguinea [Rchb.f]Benth. 1883;
Mesospinidium cochliodum Rchb.f ?; Mesospinidium sanguineum Rchb. f. 1919;
Odontoglossum sanguineum (Rchb.f.) Dalström 2001; Oncidium strictum Chase &
Wms. 2008; Symphoglossum ecuadorense Dodson & Garay ?; Symphoglossum
sanguineum (Benth. & Hook. f.) Schltr. 1919
• Cochlioda stricta, Cochlioda sanguinea, Mesospinidium cochliodum, Mesospinidium sanguineum,
Odontoglossum sanguineum, Oncidium strictum, Symphoglossum ecuadorense, is a species of the
genus Symphyglossum. This species was described by Rudolf Schlechter in 1919.
34. Trichocentrum – Trt.
These epiphytic plants are easily recognized by the mule-ear
shape of their leaves. This shape gives them their popular
name “mule-ear orchids”. The small to tiny pseudobulbs
produce one coriaceous, fleshy leaf.
These plants need a definite rest period of 2 to 3 months.
These plants inhabit the tropical to subtropical Americas. The
largest number of species occurs in Central America.
Statistics
• The Plant List includes 101 scientific plant names of species
rank for the genus Trichocentrum. Of these only 72 are
accepted species names.
36. • Common Name Lance's Lophiaris [English Orchid Enthusiast 1800's]
• Flower Size 2 1/2" [6.2 cm]
• A member of section Plurituberculata.
• Found in Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianias and Trinidad at elevations
of 300 to 500 meters as a medium sized, hot to cool growing plant lacking or
with minute pseudobulbs carrying a single apical, coriaceous, oblong-
lanceolate, green spotted purple, mule ear leaves that blooms in the summer
and fall with fragrant, waxy, long-lasting, variable colored flowers on a basal, 1
1/2' [45 cm] long, few to many [10 to 12] flowered, stout panicle with grey-
brown, basal sheaths.
• Synonyms Lophiaris fragrans Raf. 1838; Oncidium lanceanum Lindley 1842;
Oncidium lanceanum f. aureum Christenson 1991; Trichocentrum lanceanum
(Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams 2001
•
38. • Common Name The Beautiful Trichocentrum
• Flower Size 1 1/2" [4 cm]
• Found from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil as a dwarf epiphyte of wet
montane forests at elevations of 1000 to 1600 meters with fleshy, rigid, leaves where it
blooms in the summer and fall on a short, pendant or horizontal scape to 1 4/5" [4.5 cm]
long , single, occasionally 2 flowered and shorter than the leaves.
• This species is part of the T pulchrum group which includes T longicalcaratum, T
obcordilabium, T viridulum and T loyalicum but differs in the spur 1.5 times as long as the
blade of the lip, keels of the lip are divergent at the apex and the column wings are 3mm
long.
• Synonyms Lophiaris maculata f. flavovirens (P.M.Br.) P.M.Br. 2000; Oncidium undulatum f.
flavovirens P.M.Br. 1995; Orchis punctata Ruiz & Pav. ex Pupulin 1795; Trichocentrum
maculatum Lindl. 1846; Trichocentrum maculatum f. flavovirens (P.M.Br.) P.M.Br. 2001;
Trichocentrum speciosum Schlim ex Pupulin 1995; Trichocentrum verruciferum Schltr. 1920
• Hybrid – Clowesetum rosea-pulchrum
• Seed Parent × Pollen Parent - Cl. rosea× Ctsm. pulchrum
40. • Common Name Stacy's Oncidium [American Orchid Enthusisast]
• Flower Size 1 1/4" [3 cm]
• Found in Bolivia and Peru in tropical rainforest high in the canopy at
elevations around 450 meters as a medium sized, hot growing
epiphyte with ovoid-cylindric pseudobulbs.
• Has terete leaves with floral bracts arising from a mature
pseudobulb with many [14 to 20] showy flowers.
• Synonyms Cohniella stacyi (Garay) Christenson 1999; Lophiaris wittii
[Oppenheim] Braeme 1993; Oncidium wittii Oppenheim 1916;
Stilifolium stacyi (Garay) Lückel 1998; Trichocentrum stacyi (Garay)
M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams 2001
41. Trichocentrum caloceras
Common Name The Beautiful Horned Trichocentrum [refers to the lateral sepals obliquely spreading petals]
Flower Size 1 1/4" [3 cm]
Found from Costa Rica and Panama as a miniature sized, hot to warm and pendant growing epiphytic species
in wet montane forests at elevations of 500 to 1300 meters with an almost inconspicuous, rounded pseudobulb
carrys a single, apical, oblong to oblong-elliptic, spotted with reddish purple, obtuse, abruptly narrowed below
into the short, narrow, conduplicate base leaf that blooms in the spring and early summer on a basal, pendant,
1.2 to 1.4" [3 to 3.5 cm] long, terete, fractiflex, 5 to 6 flowered inflorescence arising on a newly matured
pseudobulb
42. Trichocentrum microchilum
Common Name The Small-Lipped Lophiaris
Flower Size to 1" [to 2.5 cm]
This is a Mexican and Guatemalan, species occuring at elevations up to 2300 meters as a small sized,
warm to cool terrestrial or lithophyte with small, ovoid or spherical, strongly compressed pseudobulbs.
This orchid grows as a ground or rock, and is found in hollows filled with organic remains on the rocks and
solidified lava, at heights of 600-2300 m...
44. • Common Name The Splendid Oncidium
• Flower Size 3" [7.5 cm]
• Found in Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua at elevations around
825 to 850 meters as a medium sized, mule eared with obvious
pseudobulbs, warm to hot growing lithophyte on rocky hillsides.
• The infloresence 4' [120 cm] long, many flowered panicle with large,
longlasting flowers.
• Synonyms Lophiaris splendida
• Hybrid – Oncidium Splendidum (1907)
• Seed Parent × Pollen Parent – Onc. Ardentissimum x Onc. nobile
46. • Common Name The Tiger-Like Trichocentrum
• Flower Size 1.6 to 2 1/4" [4 to 6 cm]
• A warm to hot growing, miniature sized, caespitose epiphyte, from Ecuador and
northern Peru in seasonally dry forests on the western slopes of the Andes at
elevations of sea level to 700 meters, carrying fragrant flowers.
• It also likes to have bright light if not some direct sun.
• Synonyms Trichocentrum tigrinum var. splendens Linden & Barb. Rodr. 1885
• The foliage is interesting to look at when it’s out-of-bloom with its little purple
dotting.
•
Hybrid – Catasetum tigrinum-aripuanense, Oncidium unguitigrinum,
Paphiopedilum tigrinum-Pinocchio
• Seed Parent × Pollen Parent - Ctsm. tigrinum× Ctsm. aripuanense ,Onc.
tigrinum× Onc. Unguiculatum, Paph. tigrinum× Paph. Pinocchio
47. Brassia – Brs.
The genus was named after William Brass, a British
botanist and illustrator, who collected plants in
Africa under the supervision of Sir Joseph Banks.
48. Brassia ( Brs.) & Ada
• DNA studies have shown Brassia and Ada to be closely related.
• These plants grow widely distributed in Florida, Mexico, the Caribbean
area to Surinam, Brazil, and Bolivia
• The World Monocot Checklist contains 34 accepted names (2007)
• Generally, plants of Brassia grow warm to intermediate whereas Ada
should be grown intermediate to cool.
• The reason that the Brassia orchids look like spiders is to attract
female spider wasps which are it’s pollinators. The Brassia’s blooms
mimic the appearance of the spiders that these wasps hunt. When the
female spider wasp goes in for the kill, she is instead covered in
the Brassia flower’s pollen. She then goes on to her next target and the
next Brassia orchid flower is subsequently pollinated.
49. Brassia
• The type species for the genus is Brassia maculata .
• Commonly grown other species are Brs. arcuigera (= Bs. longissima),
Brs. gireoudiana, and Brs. verrucosa.
50. Brassia maculata
• Common Name The Spotted Brassia
• Flower Size 5 to 8" [12.5 cm to 20 cm]
• A large, hot to warm growing epiphyte and occasional lithophyte that is also
commonly found growing in deitrus over rocks at altitudes below 750 meters in
Belize, Honduras, Guatemala, Cuba and Jamaica
• fragrant flowers.
• This orchid does well in baskets or pots with a open mix that provides good
drainage.
• Synonyms Brassia guttata Lindley 1842; Brassia maculata var. guttata (Lindl.)
Lindl. 1854; Brassia wraye Skinner 1843; Oncidium brassia Rchb.f 1863
• HYBRIDS:
• Dact. foliosa x Dact.(syn.) maculata = Dactylorhiza Foliosomaculata 1920
• Dact. Incarnata x Dact. maculta = Dactylorhiza Latifoliomaculata 1920
• Dact. Viridis x Dact. maculata = Hebenari-orchis viridimaculata 1892
52. • Common Name The Arching Brassia
• Flower Size 9" long [22.5 cm]
• This unifoliate, large sized, hot to cool growing, epiphytic, rarely
terrestrial [on embankments] species is found from Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru on both sides of
the Andes in premontane rainforests on moss covered trees at altitudes
of 200 to 1500 meters.
• This species has extremely variable flowers even on the same
inflorescence and is mostly distinguished by the single apical leaf and the
sharp edges on the flattened pseudobulb.
• Synonyms Brassia antherotes Rchb. f. 1879 ; Brassia antherotes var.
longissima (Rchb.f.) Teusch. 1961; Brassia hinksoniana H.G. Jones 1974;
Brassia lawrenceana Lindley var. longissima Rchb.f 1868; Brassia
longissima [Rchb.f]Schlechter Nash 1914; Brassia longissima (Rchb. f.)
Schltr. in part 1914;
53. Brassia gireoudiana - The Gireoud's Brassia. It
is native to Costa Rica and Panama.
Synonyms Brassia verrucosa subsp. gireoudiana (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Dressler &
N.H.Williams 2003;Oncidium gireoudianum (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Rchb. f. 1863
54. Brassia verrucosa
It is an epiphytic orchid native to Mexico, Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua), Venezuela, and Brazil. This large species is a warm
to cool growing epiphyte of open humid, evergreen to semi-deciduous cloud forests
on tree trunks and larger branches from altitudes of 900 to 2400m (3000-7900 feet).
55. • Common name: The Warty Brassia
• Family: Orchidaceae
• Synonymous: Brassia verrucosa subsp. gireoudiana
Brassia aristata
Brassia brachiata
Brassia coryandra
Brassia cowanii
Brassia longiloba
Brassia odontoglossoides
Oncidium brachiatum
Oncidium verrucosum
• Brassias have also been interbred with miltoniopsis orcihds to create Miltassias, or
oncidiums to create Brassidiums. Both these intergeneric hybrids are usually easier to
grow than straight Brassias, so you might try therse first. They are often more
colorful, but also more star-shaped--a more tame look than their spidery siblings.
56. Ada
• Etymology: Named for Ada, sister of Artemisia. First
described by John Lindley in 1854. The genus is mostly
epiphytes, but occasionally lithophytic, growing in wet cloud
forests between 1500 and 2800m. Most species are
presumed to be pollinated by hummingbirds.
• Ada orchids are suitable for a cold greenhouse. There are
mainly two species commonly known as Ada aurantiaca
(from New Granada) and Ada lehmannii (from Colombia)
• The Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families now lists
the long-standing genus Ada as a synonym of Brassia
(8/2012).
57. Ada aurantiaca
Synonyms Acropera aurantiaca (Lindl.) B.S.Williams 1896; Ada aurantiaca var. maculata Cogn. 1899; Ada cinnabarina
(Linden ex Lindl.) N.H. Williams ?; Ada lehmannii Rolfe 1891; Brassia aurantiaca (Lindl.) M.W.Chase 2011;
Brassia cinnabarina Linden ex Lindl. 1854; Mesospinidium aurantiacum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. 1864; Mesospinidium
cinnabarinum (Linden ex Lindl.) Rchb. f. 1864; Oncidium cinnabarinum (Linden ex Lindl.) Rchb. f. 1864
A very popular common hybrid from Odontoglossum bictoniense x Ada keiliana is the
Adaglossum Summit Frenchtown AM/AOS. Many collections have this Hybrid.
Common Name or Meaning The Red-Orange
Ada
Flower Size 1" [2.5 cm]
Found in Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador as
a small to medium sized, cold to cool growing
epiphyte that occurs around 2150 to 2300
meters in elevation in wet montane forests
58. Lockhartia - Ihta
Statistics
• The Plant List includes 65 scientific plant names of species rank for
the genus Lockhartia. Of these 28 are accepted species names.
• Lockhartia species represent an exceptional New World genus that
is best known for attractive arching stems covered with overlapping
short angular leaves giving a feather-like appearance. These
Oncidium relatives are easy to grow under intermediate
temperatures and moderate-moderately bright light. They are
forgiving and floriferous, flowering sequentially from the tips of
each stem.
Named in honor of David Lockhart, the first superintendent of the Royal
Botanical Garden in Trinidad.
Its common name comes from the braided arrangement of its leaves.
It is the only genus of alliance Lockhartia.
59. Lockhartia oersterdii
This species is native to Central America from Mexico to Panama,
and Colombia.
Lockhardtia is a strange genus related to Oncidium.
60. Lockhartia micrantha
Common Name The Tiny Flowered Lockhartia
Flower Size less than 1/2" [less than 1.25 cm]
Found from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia
in rain forests as a medium sized, hot to warm growing
epiphyte at elevations of 10 to 1000 meters with a
pendulous stem
Synonyms Lockhartia chiriquiensis Schltr 1913;
Lockhartia lankesteri Ames 1923; Lockhartia
pandurata Pupulin 1998
61. Lockhartia imbricata
Common Name The Double Serrated Lockhartia
Flower Size to about 1/2" [to about 1.25 cm]
Found in Trinidad & Tobago, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana,
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil at elevations of 300
to 1700 meters and is a small sized, cool to hot growing
epiphyte with an elongate stem.
Synonyms *Epidendrum biserrum Rich 1792; Epidendrum
imbricatum Lam. 1831; Fernandezia elegans (Hook.) Lodd.
1827; Fernandezia obtusa Lindl.ex Linden 1882; Lockhartia
elegans Hook. 1827; Lockhartia floribunda Rchb.f.1860;
Lockhartia imbricata (Lam.) Hoehne 1952; Lockhartia obtusa
Regel 1857;Lockhartia obtusifolia Regel 1836; Lockhartia
weigeltii Rchb. & Rchb. f. ex Rchb. f.1852
62. Lockhartia lunifera
Common Name The Half Moon Sepal Lockhartia
Flower Size 3/4" [2 cm]
A Brazilian epiphyte that is a medium to small,
psuedobulbless plant with elongate, 4 to 12"[10 to 30 cm],
mostly pendant stems that are very close together enveloped
completely by numerous, disitchous, imbricating, basally
clasping, conduplicate, triangular leaves.
They bloom in the spring and summer and are very
long lasting.
Synonyms *Fernandezia lunifera Lindley 1831; Fernandezia
robusta Klotzsch ex Rchb.f. 1864