This document provides information about orchids, including: - Orchids are a diverse family of flowering plants with about 28,000 species across 763 genera, showing monopodial and sympodial growth habits. - Characteristics include three sepals, three petals, a column containing reproductive organs, and an inferior ovary. - Orchids are native to tropical regions of Asia and Australia and have importance for medicine, gardens, food, and symbolism. - The document discusses propagation methods, maintenance needs like watering, fertilizing, and pest/disease control, and harvesting practices for orchid cultivation.

1. Orchids
Presented by
Sahida Islam Sumona
ID: BKH 1514013F
Course Code: AG-3111
Course Title: Ornamental Horticulture(T)

2. Orchids
• The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering
plants, with blooms that are often colorful and fragrant, commonly
known as the Orchid family.
• The Orchidaceae family have about 28000 currently accepted species,
distributed in about 763 genera.
• Orchids show two types of growth habit, Monopodial & Sympodial.
Taxonomy
Kingdom: Plantae
Phyllum: Spermatophyta
Class: Angiospermae
Subclass: Monocotyledoneae
Order: Gynandrae
Family: Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum biflorum

3. Characteristics of Orchids
 All orchids have three sepals,
three petals, and a column.
 The column contains the
reproductive organs.
 Anthers in the column are
suppressed to two in the
Cypripedioideae and one in all
others.
 The pollen in the anthers is
coherent, granular or waxy.
 The third petal is modified
sometimes into eccentric forms.
 The ovary is inferior i.e., below
the rest of the flower.

4. Origin of Orchids
Orchids are actually native to tropic regions of Asia and Australia such as the
Himalayas and the Phillipines.
Importance of Orchids
• Medicinal uses of orchids: stomach ulcer, menstrual problems,
indigestion, thyroid problems, urinary tract infection etc
• Orchids are excellent items in gardens.
• Orchids are used as food in Indonesia.
• Symbol of luxury in victorian England.
• Different uses in different occasions: Mother’s day corsages, bridal
bouquets etc.
• Edible Orchids: some parts are edible, used as garnish, vanilla flavoring.

5. Some Orchid Species
Aerides odorata
• About 20 species
belong to this
genus.
• This species is
variable in color,
from deep pink to
pure white.
Cymbidium bicolor
• Most of the species
are terrestrial, with
flower blooms in
many color.
• Takes to the trees as
epiphytes, growing
in high light.
Dendrobium ursula
• Amazing diversity of
plant habit, flower
form & color in this
genus.
• Produce new plants
known as aerials or
‘keikis’”means a
baby.

6. Sowing
Orchids are grown in temperate, tropical and sub-tropical zones. So
orchids can be sown both in summer and winter season depending on
species.
Propagation of orchids
There are several ways to propagate orchids.
• Propagation from seed or sexual propagation.
• Tissue culture
• Stem propagation.
• Internode propagation
• Divisions & back bulbs.
• Keikis(new plants off the older pseudobulbs).
• Top cuts.

7. Orchid Maintenance
Watering:
-Kind of water and pH level
(5.6-6.0)
- Medium clean, humidity require (60- 80) percent, temperature 55-90
degree F.
- Pot size etc.
Fertilizer management:
• Potassium is responsible for the flower & fruit development.
• Phosphorus for flower production.
• Nitrogen for healthy vegetative growth.
The proportion of N, P & K is (30-10-10)% is applied by spraying, watering &
spreading.
Pest and disease management:
• Pest: acarina, red spider, ant.
• Insecticide: diazenon, melathion etc.
• Disease: leaf spot, soft rot etc.
• Fungicide: teresan 3g/l water, captan 2g/l water.

8. Harvesting
Average flower production is 6-7 stems per plant per year.
Post harvesting management
After harvesting stems are kept in bucket containing water and stored
under a temperature between 7-100 C. The vase life varies between 5
days to 6 weeks depending on climate and variety.
Any Question?

9. Thanks!