On the Emergent Semantic Web and Overlooked Issues - 2004

Yannis Kalfoglou Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) Southampton, UK SW vulnerabilities On the emergent Semantic Web and overlooked issues Chris Walton Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) Edinburgh, UK Harith Alani Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) Southampton, UK Marco Schorlemmer IIIA, Barcelona, Spain

Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The emergent SW ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Needs, expectations and deliverables’ oxymoron ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Needs, expectations and deliverables’ oxymoron ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ The SW is what we will get if we perform the same globalisation process to KR that the Web initially did to Hypertext. We remove the centralised concepts of absolute truth, total knowledge, and total provability, and see what we can do with limited knowledge .” “ […]the perception that the SW is concerned with AI is not helpful to its widespread adoption in the IT industry[…]the SW is often presented as the technology that will achieve marvellous things […]these are not what the SW is about. The SW is about creating an infrastructure in which information from a variety of sources can be integrated on demand to achieve some task . The SW provides mechanisms that enable access to and integration of data .”

Vulnerabilities – agency coordination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Vulnerabilities – agency coordination – cnt’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Vulnerabilities – mechanised trust ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Lucy’s agent, having complete trust in Pete’s agent in the context of the present task, automatically assisted by supplying access certificates[…]”

Vulnerabilities – mechanised trust ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Vulnerabilities – robust reasoning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A formal system is sound when every sentence produced by the system’s inference rules operating on the system’s initial set of axioms logically follows from that set It is complete when every sentence that logically follows from the system’s initial set of axioms can be formally derived using the inference rules. A set of sentences are said to be complete if every sentence of the language can be proved or disproved using those rules. In an environment the size of the web we must abandon the classical idea of sound and complete reasoners, our reasoners will almost certainly have to be incomplete (no longer guaranteeing to return all logically valid results), but most likely also unsound : sometimes jumping to a logically unwarranted conclusion[…] answers will have to approximate.

Vulnerabilities – robust reasoning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ [..]the language must be able to state that a given ontology can be regarded as complete . This would sanction additional inferences to be drawn from that ontology. The precise semantics of such statement (and the corresponding set of inferences) remains to be defined, but examples might include assuming complete property information about individuals, assuming completeness of class-membership , and assuming exhaustiveness of subclasses .”

Vulnerabilities – robust reasoning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pragmatics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ of all the changes that are transforming the Internet, the loss of trust maybe the most fundamental. The simple model of early Internet – a group of mutually trusting users attached to a transparent network – gone for ever. A motto for tomorrow may well be ‘ global communication with local trust ’ .”

Pragmatics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Closing remarks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Questions OWL Open World Semantics Local World Assumption Closed World Assumption SW browser SW vision SWRL DAML-S DAML OWL-S RDF(S) RDF OWL lite OWL full OWL DL erosion of trust SW agents Semantic interoperability Semantic integration completeness soundness Mechanizing trust FIPA Standards SW services WSDL Automated reasoning Model-theoretic semantics Incomplete information Unsound information RDQL RQL HP Jena OWL-API Outreach to industry SW users?

On the Emergent Semantic Web and Overlooked Issues - 2004

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On the Emergent Semantic Web and Overlooked Issues - 2004