The document provides an overview of optical mark recognition (OMR) systems. It discusses what a scanner is and technologies related to OMR like optical mark recognition, optical character recognition, and intelligent character recognition. It describes the basic principles, components, and process of an OMR system including OMR scanners, software, and sheets. It discusses advantages like automated processing but also disadvantages like limitations in formats.

1. Study and design of
the OMR evaluation
system

2. AN Overview
• What is a scanner..?
• Technologies related with it..
• Basic introduction and principle related to OMR..
• Classification of image…
• Requirements of OMR..
• OMR Scanner and its components..
• Total process of checking sheets..
• OMR software
• Major OMR software manufacturers..
• OMR Sheets..
• Advantages and Disadvantages of OMR..

3. What is a Scanner??....
• Scanner(Image scanner) is a device that
optically scans images, printed text, handwriting etc.
and converts it to a digital image.
• Very useful in fields of:
1. industrial design
2. Reverse engineering
3. Test and measurement
4. Orthotics
5. Gaming
6. And many other applications.

4. Technologies Used In A
Scanner..…
• OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)
– The OMR technology allows user to read the
checkboxes.
• OCR (Optical Character Recognition))
– Very effective in recognizing the printed data.
• ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition)
– Very effective in recognizing handwritten documents.

5. BASIC DIFFERENCES….

6. What is OMR ?-A Basic
Introduction…
• Stands for Optical Mark recognition.
• It is type of technology which helps in capturing
human marked data from document forms.
• Has various applications like correcting tests and
assignments, Community surveys, Consumer
surveys and many others.

7. Basic Principle Of An OMR
It works on the principle of identifying the
darker tone on the sheet and then
differentiating it from the lighter tone(blank
space) on that sheet. The answers to the
questions or the required data is stored in an
excel sheet. .Then the
answers are verified
from this sheet and
final score is generated.

8. Confusion Between Optical Mark
Reader And Recognition..
Optical mark Recognition can be referred as the
technology which is responsible for all this
process whereas the Optical Mark Reader is the
device which is used for scanning the hand
marked documents.
OPTICAL MARK RECOGNITION OPTICAL MARK READER

9. Classification Of Image
There can be many ways of classifying image
like:
• On basis of color:
1. Colored image
2. Black And White Image
• On basis of motion
1. Static image(Photograph)
2. Image sequence(Video)
• On basis of tone
1. Binary(two -tone image) On basis of color
2. Gray level (grey-tone) image
The OMR classifies the image on the principle of binary tone.

10. Black and White Images
Types of Black and white images are:
1. BINARY IMAGE
It can be considered as an image where only single tone,
black and white colors are used that is only 0 and 1 in
electronics language.
2. Gray Level Image
They are images in which various tones are used ranging
from 0-255. 0 being black and 255 being white. Every pixel
in image has some tone.

11. Binary Image
0 1
As we know Binary Image consist of only 2 single tone
black and white colors, hence, they are composed of only
0 and 1. The pixels in which 0 is entered are white and in
which 1 is present are black. Below is an example of a
binary image present in pixels.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. Grey Level Image
0 255
In this image every pixel has some tone of grey
color and hence has some value ranging from 0-
255. Below is an example of a picture with
tones.

13. What Does An OMR Machine
Requires..?
• OMR scanner
Basically required to scan the OMR sheets and create
a document.
• OMR software
Required to process those scanned sheets and finalize
the result.
• OMR sheets
Sheets on which the marks are made and further
scanned.

14. OMR Scanner…
• The hardware structure for an OMR
scanner can be divided into following:
1. Basic structure
2. Power supply
3. Mechanism transmission
4. Main board
5. Operation panel
STRUCTURE OF OMR

15. BASIC STRUCTURE
• Body base, bracing board, top cover, bottom cover
and back cover are basic components. Following is
there installation:
1. Power supply and mechanism transmission are
installed in the body base.
2. Operating panel is installed on the right side of the
body base.
3. Bracing board is installed on body base.
4. Main board is installed in the bracing board.
5. Read head is in the front of the bracing board.
6. Top cover can prevent the dust and strong light.

16. Basic Structure
The Basic design of basic structure inside
scanner is as follows: TOP COVER
CONNECTED OPERATING
BODY BASE PANEL
INSTALLED
POWER
MECHANISM SUPPLY
TRANSMISSIONS
BRACING
BOARD
MAIN BOARD
READ HEAD

17. Power Supply
• It adopts a switch power installed in the OMR.
• Supplied with alternating current AC 100V-
240V,50-60Hz generating output 12V and 5V.
• Most important unit as it supplies the power to
the basic structure in scanner.
POWER ADAPTER FOR OMR SCANNER
POWER SUPPLY TERMINAL IN OMR SCANNER

18. Mechanical Transmission
The part is made up of:
1. sheet rubbing and feeding motor
2. input stackers
3. rubbing part
INPUT STACKER
4. sheet separating and feeding part
5. sheet throwing part and output stacker
MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION
OUTPUT STACKER

19. • The function is to deliver sheets through
photoelectric sensors one by one smoothly and
finally place them in the output stacker.
• It can be considered as an input wing as it
separates the sheets and then sends them
further.
• The sheets are then scanned.
A MULTI STACKER OMR SCANNER STACKER USED BY A FUJITSU OMR SCANNER

20. MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION
Following is the mechanical transmission
inside a scanner which helps in separating a
sheet.

21. MAIN BOARD (CORE PART)
• Installed in the bracing board.
• Controls two motors of rubbing and feeding and
control the read head to collect signals.
• Transforms the analog signals into data signals.
• Can deal with data and recognize the forms ’
mode.
• Receives the operation command and transmits
the results into computer.

22. Main Board Structure
1. LST interface of D route
2. read head interface
3. RS232 interface
4. USB interface
5. FPGA chip
6. DSP chip
7. motor interface
8. operation panel
interface
9. power supply interface
10. Read head B interface
MAIN BOARD OF OMR 43/50 SERIES PRODUCT

23. Operational Panel
• The operation panel consists of 3 indicator lights
and “STEP” button for sheets throwing.
• Red light “POWER” shines means power on.
• yellow light “ONLINE” shines means the
connection is good between OMR and computer.
• green light “MOTOR” shines means the OMR
motor is working.
• The “STEP” button is used to throw out the sheet
that when the paper is jammed.

24. Operational Panel
POWER
ONLINE STEP
MOTOR
OPERATION PANEL IN OMR

25. What is an OMR Software..?
• It can be understood as a basic software which
performs the actual task of checking the scanned
sheets and creating the result.
• The OMR softwares are of types:-
1. Which can only analyze the scanned sheets of a
particular format.
2. Which can analyze as well as design the format of
OMR sheets according to requirement.

26. Going Along With the Process…
STEP1:
First of all the sheets are fed in the scanner. The
scanner used is ADF scanner i.e., Automatic
Document Feeder Scanner. The documents are
scanned and stored as digital images. Now, the
software comes into role.
PUTTING
SHEETS IN
SCANNER
AND
SCANNING

27. STEP 2:
Once, the
documents are
scanned, the
software is opened
with the sample
window as shown
here.

28. STEP 3:
Then the captured
data is browsed
and then exported
using Export Data
button.

29. STEP 4:
Once the data
has been
extracted, we
get a message
box indicating
CSV file has
been saved.

30. STEP 5:
As soon as the
OK button is
clicked the
Excel sheet
appears
comprising of
final result ,
name, details,
corrected
questions etc.

31. Under The Hood….
• Flattening of Images – Image Cleanup,
Invert, Noise Removal
• Filtering the Blobs (Spots) with wrong
aspect ratio, wrong co-ordinates, and
wrong size.
• Identification of Location of blocks as per
coordinate system
• Division of blocks into as many equal parts
as there are options
• Conversion of Image to binary
• The darkest block is compared with other
blocks and if a remarkable difference
exists between the two sub divisions, the
darker one is recorded as "Marked"

32. MAJOR OMR SOFTWARE MANUFACTURERES
ACROSS THE GLOBE
• ABBYY-Flexi Capture
• Accusoft Pegasus- SmartScan Xpress
• Avon- Remark Office
• Ogami Corp.-Ogami OMR
• Gravic,Inc.-Remark Office OMR ABBY’s FLEXICAPTURE
• Kofax-Kofax Capture
• Newgen-Omni Extract
• Oracle-Oracle Scan
• EB Strada-Formreturn
EB STRADA’S FORMRETURN

33. OMR Sheets
• Are 257-364mm long and 182-257mm wide
approximately.
• Thickness of the sheet is 90kg-110kg for 1,000
sheets.
• They have excellent optical and mechanical
characteristics.
DESIGN OF AN
OMR SHEET

34. Why are they special…?
In concrete:
a) The paper must be white in colour with high
opacity.
b) The paper must be smooth finish with little
gloss and with as few spots as possible;
c) Fluorescent material must not be mixed in the
paper as it causes fluctuation in the reflection in
a certain spectral band.

35. A Sample OMR sheet…

36. How It Performs The Task..?
1. Stores the images of scanned sheets in a folder
using a Scanner.
2. Name of folder specified in GUI.
3. Marked bubbles by the consumer or user
checked and stored in excel spreadsheet.
4. Scanning process never affects the evaluation of
marked regions or preparation of result in any
way.

37. One Discrete Component-
Marking Ink
• In case of printing in the clear zones created around
the marking areas, it is necessary to use dropout
colours, which the OMR does not recognize as
marks.
• Light blue-based and light red-based colours are
available as dropout colours.
• The drop-out colour has the PCS value of 0.15 or less
which is calculated by the following expression:
PCS = (RW - RP) / RW
• RW: Rate of the reflection of the white part
• RP : Rate of the reflection measuring point

38. Simplifying The steps…
We just have to scan those sheets and save that
document in a folder and specify the location of
folder in GUI and the whole data comprising of
students details which has been scanned will be
saved in an excel spreadsheet. Then the sheets
are checked using the answers specified in an
excel sheet.

39. Advantages of OMR…Why OMR?
• Resources such as computer, scanner are
used which are easily available, easy to handle
and use.
• Reliable – Accuracy (100%)
• Good processing speed
• Reduces manual work to around 80%.
NO MORE MANUAL WORK

40. Focusing On Price and
Efficiency…
The prices of OMR machines and frequency of
sheets scanned is directly proportional to each
other. Below are some:
PRICE RANGE FREQUENCY(SHEETS/MIN)
• 2000-4000/- 2
• 5000-8000/- 10-15
• 40000-90000/- 40-80
• 2 Lacs and Above 80-100

41. Few Drawbacks…
• Adapted for use for OMR sheets of a particular
format.
• OMR machines are big machines typically of
the size of a Xerox machine.
• Quite expensive as already discussed.
• Sometimes Requires technical know-how
when stuck.
REQUIRES KNOW HOW WHEN STUCK
EXPENSIVE

42. SUMMING UP…..
Optical mark recognition is a very effective
Technology almost used in every field. It has
occurred as a boon for our society. I hope we
realize its importance and try to develop it
further……
CHECKING SHEETS
NO LONGER
A PROBLEM

43. THANKS FOR KEEPING SO
LONG!!!!!!!
SUBMITTED BY:
MRIDUL SINGH RAWAT B120010243
NIKITA DUTTA B120010260
RAMITPAL SINGH B120010320
SAHIL B120010345