This document provides a review for the OGT Science test covering concepts of heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation. It defines each term and provides an example. It then has multiple choice questions to test understanding. The document discusses atomic structure, fission and fusion processes. It defines key terms and has additional practice questions. Finally, it covers properties of stars and how they are created and produce energy through nuclear fusion.

1. Northwest High School
Class of 2014
OGT SCIENCE
REVIEW

2. Define conduction,
convection, and radiation.
Give an example of each.
Conduction Convection Radiation
Next Question Test Yourself

3. Conduction
Definition Example
The transfer of A metal pot on the
heat across a stove is heated
medium from a when the burner is
source of higher on.
temperature to a
source of lower
temperature
Next Question Take Me Back

4. Convection
Definition Example
The process by Steam rises from a
which heat is pot of boiling
transferred by the Water
movement of a
heated fluid (gas
or liquid).
Next Question Take Me Back

5. Radiation
Definition Example
The transfer of Earth is heated by
heat by electromagnetic
electromagnetic waves that travel
waves. This form through space
of heat transfer from the sun.
does not need a
medium.
Next Question Take Me Back

6. Test Yourself - A
 The metal handle of a pot on the
stove becomes hot.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

7. Test Yourself - A
 The metal handle of a pot on the
stove becomes hot.
Conduction - CORRECT
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

8. Test Yourself - A
 The metal handle of a pot on the
stove becomes hot.
Conduction
Convection – INCORRECT – TRY AGAIN
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

9. Test Yourself - A
 The metal handle of a pot on the
stove becomes hot.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation – Incorrect – Try again
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

10. Test Yourself - B
 You warm yourself by a
campfire.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

11. Test Yourself - B
 You warm yourself by a
campfire.
Conduction – Incorrect – Try again
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

12. Test Yourself - B
 You warm yourself by a
campfire.
Conduction
Convection – INCORRECT – TRY AGAIN
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

13. Test Yourself - B
 You warm yourself by a
campfire.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation – Correct
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

14. Test Yourself - C
 Warm air at the Earth’s equator
rises; cold air at its poles sinks.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

15. Test Yourself - C
 Warm air at the Earth’s equator
rises; cold air at its poles sinks.
Conduction – Incorrect – Try again
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

16. Test Yourself - C
 Warm air at the Earth’s equator
rises; cold air at its poles sinks.
Conduction
Convection – CORRECT
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

17. Test Yourself - C
 Warm air at the Earth’s equator
rises; cold air at its poles sinks.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation – Incorrect – Try again
Next Test Yourself Questio
Next Question

18. Test Yourself - D
 Medical x-rays are used to
produce images of the body.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Question

19. Test Yourself - D
 Medical x-rays are used to
produce images of the body.
Conduction – Incorrect – Try again
Convection
Radiation
Next Question

20. Test Yourself - D
 Medical x-rays are used to
produce images of the body.
Conduction
Convection – Incorrect – Try again
Radiation
Next Question

21. Test Yourself - D
 Medical x-rays are used to
produce images of the body.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation - Correct
Next Question

22. Biomes
 Define Biome
 Name 6 common biomes.Describe the
Next Question

23. Biomes
 Define Biome
A biome is a distinct ecological
community of plants and animals
living together in a particular
climate.
Next Question Back to Biomes

24. Biomes
 Name 6 common biomes.
Describe the climate of each.
1. Arctic Tundra
• dry and wet seasons; Cold
2. Deciduous Forest
• moisture evenly distributed; warm
summers, cold winters
3. Desert
• sporadic, localized moisture; great daily
range of temperature.
Next Question Next Page of Biomes

25. Biomes
 Name 6 common biomes.
Describe the climate of each.
 Coniferous Forest
• moisture varies throughout year; cold
winters, cool summers.
 Tropical Forest
• long wet season with short dry season;
hot
3. Temperate Grassland
• wet and dry seasons; hot
Next Question or Back to Biomes

26. List some causes of
weather.
 Solar Energy – heats air and land
 Elevation – temperature falls with
increased elevation
 Nearness to large bodies of water –
humidity and temperature are affected
 Temperature – determines how much
water vapor air can hold
 Air Pressure – produces wind and air
mass patterns
Next Question

27. What is the greenhouse
effect?
 Carbon dioxide and other gases in
the atmosphere prevent the sun’s
heat energy from radiating back into
space from Earth.
Next Question

28. How is the theory of global
warming related to the green
house effect?
 The burning of fossil fuels increases
the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the
atmosphere.
 Because CO2 absorbs heat, the
atmosphere may become warmer.
Next Question

29. Plate Tectonics
 Explain the theory of plate tectonics
 What are some events that change the
 Explain continental drift. Look at a ma
 Define tectonic terms
Next Question

30. Plate Tectonics
 As the plates that make up the
Earth’s surface shift, they can cause
the Earth’s surface to change.
Next Question Back to Plate Tectonics

31. Plate Tectonics
 Earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain
creation, and sea floor spreading are
examples of events that change the
Earth’s surface.
Next Question Back to Plate Tectonics

32. Plate Tectonics
 Scientists believe that 200 million
years ago, Earth’s continents were
joined together, forming a super-
continent called Pangaea. As the
tectonic plates under the continents
shifted, Pangaea broke up, and the
continents moved apart.
Next Question Back to Plate Tectonics

33. Plate Tectonics
 Tectonic Plates
 Moving sheets of rock that form Earth’s
surface
 Theory of plate tectonics
 Theory that explains how a few thin, rigid
tectonic plates move across Earth’s surface
 Mantle convection
Force deep within the Earth, driven by internal

heat, that moves continents and the plates of
which they are a part.
Next Question or Back to Plate Tectonics

34. List some severe weather
patterns
 Explain each pattern and tell where
it is found
 Tropical Storms
 Tornadoes
 Monsoons
Next Question

35. List some severe weather
patterns – Tropical Storms
 And hurricanes
 Start as low-pressure areas over
warm waters
 Gain strength from warm water, but
diminish when they reach land
 Usually begin in tropical areas where
the water is the warmest
Next Question Back to Sever Weather

36. List some severe weather
patterns – Tornadoes
 Rotating air funnels that descend
from storm clouds
 Can reach air speeds in excess of
300 mph
 Found throughout the world, but are
common in central US states like
Oklahoma, Nebraska, Illinois and
Ohio
Next Question Back to Sever Weather

37. List some severe weather
patterns – Monsoons
 Wind systems that seasonally
reverse direction
 Winds bring rain inland from the
ocean in the summer, and they
often bring drought from the
continent interior during the winter.
 Found over the Asian continent and
Australia
Next Question Back to Sever Weather

38. Describe ways of estimating
geologic time.
 Radiometric dating
 Based on the half-life of radioactive isotopes
that is used to determine the age of materials
 Rock sequencing
 Analyzing the order of rock strata to estimate
their relative ages; Rocks lower in the order
tend to be older than those near the top.
 Fossils
 Remains or traces of prehistoric organisms
that are often formed when tissue is replaced
with minerals
Next Question

39. Atomic Theory
 What is and element? Give and
example.
 An element is a basic substance made of a
single type of atom (hydrogen, carbon, gold)
 How are atoms and molecules
related to elements?
 Molecules are chemical combinations of two or
more atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen can
combine to make a molecule of water (H2O)
Next Question

40. Fission and Fusion
 What is Fission?
 What is Fusion?
 Test Yourself
Next Question

41. What is Fission?
 Fission is a reaction that produces
energy when heavy radioactive
nucleus splits apart into fragments.
 The mass of the fragments is less
than the mass of the original
isotope.
Next Question Back to Fission and Fusion

42. What is Fusion?
 Fusion is a process in which two
nuclei come together to form a
third, larger nucleus.
 Energy is released when the larger
nucleus is produced.
Next Question Back to Fission and Fusion

43. Test Yourself - A
 New elements being formed in the
intense heat of stars
• Fission
• Fusion
Next Question Next Test Yourself Question

44. Test Yourself - A
 New elements being formed in the
intense heat of stars
• Fission – Incorrect – Try again!
• Fusion
Next Question Next Test Yourself Question

45. Test Yourself - A
 New elements being formed in the
intense heat of stars
• Fission
• Fusion - Correct
Next Question Next Test Yourself Question

46. Test Yourself - B
 Neutron hitting uranium-235 to
release energy
• Fission
• Fusion
Next Question Next Test Yourself Question

47. Test Yourself - B
 Neutron hitting uranium-235 to
release energy
• Fission - Correct
• Fusion
Next Question Next Test Yourself Question

48. Test Yourself - B
 Neutron hitting uranium-235 to
release energy
• Fission
• Fusion – Incorrect – Try Again!
Next Question Next Test Yourself Question

49. Test Yourself - C
 Power generated in a nuclear
submarine’s reactor.
• Fission
• Fusion
Next Question

50. Test Yourself - C
 Power generated in a nuclear
submarine’s reactor.
• Fission - Correct
• Fusion
Next Question

51. Test Yourself - C
 Power generated in a nuclear
submarine’s reactor.
• Fission
• Fusion – Incorrect – Try Again!
Next Question

52. What about stars?
 How are stars created?
 How do stars produce energy?
 How are stars responsible for the crea
Next Question

53. How are stars created?
 A new star forms when a huge cloud
(made of hydrogen and other
matter) collapses in space.
 Gravity at the center of the new star
creates great heat.
Next Question Back to About Stars

54. How do stars produce
energy?
 The intense heat inside a star
causes the hydrogen protons to
move so rapidly that they join
together or fuse.
 This process, fusion, is a nuclear
reaction that creates energy.
 The star starts to glow.
Next Question Back to About Stars

55. How are stars responsible for
the creation of elements?
 Ongoing fusion of protons in stars
results in many different proton
combinations.
 Each different combination of
protons is an element.
 After millions of years some stars
explode, releasing many different
elements into space.
Next Question Back to About Stars

56. Energy
 Define potential energy.
 Define kinetic energy.
Next Question

57. Potential Energy
 The energy of position.
 Example: an eraser sitting on a
table has less potential energy than
an eraser sitting on top of an 8 foot
ladder.
The pendulum at the top of
its swing has more potential
energy than when it is mid-
way through its swing
Next Question Back to Energy

58. Kinetic Energy
 The energy of Motion.
 Example: is a pendulum in motion
Next Question Back to Energy

59. Newton’s Laws of Motion
1. Unless acted on by an outside
force, a body at rest remains at
rest and a body in motion remains
in motion. (Inertia)
2. Change of motion is proportional to
the force used to produce the
change.
3. For every action there is an equal
and opposite reaction.
Next Question

60. How do Science and
invention affect one another?
1. Invention uses known scientific
principles to make something work
better or create a new tool
 Example: Discovery of electro-magnetic
waves led to the invention of radio,
television and X-Rays.
2. Using new tools (inventions) allows
scientists to determine unknown
scientific principles and new information
Example: The Hubble Space Telescope
allows scientists to learn more about the
solar system
Next Question

61. More Atomic Theory
 Draw a simple model (Bohr model) of an
 Which part gives the atomic number?
 How would you make your atom an ion?
 How would you make your atom an isoto
Next Question

62. Simple model of atom
Next Question Back to More Atomic Theory

63. Which part gives the atomic
number?
 The number of protons gives the
element its atomic number.
Next Question Back to More Atomic Theory

64. How would you make your
atom an ion?
 The atom becomes an ion
(electrically charged) when it loses
or gains an electron.
Next Question Back to More Atomic Theory

65. How would you make your
atom an isotope?
 An isotope has extra neutrons,
increasing the mass of the atom.
Next Question Back to More Atomic Theory

66. Physical Properties of
Substances
 Color  Density
• Gold is yellow • Lead is more
 Hardness dense, feather is
less dense
• Diamonds are the
hardest mineral  Ductility
 Conductivity • Copper can be
pulled into a wire
• Copper conducts
electricity  Magnetism
• Iron is attracted to
a magnet
Next Question

67. Electricity
 How does electric  Explain what makes
current flow? some materials
• Electric current
conductors and
flows when others insulators
electrons move • Conductors:
freely materials with
loosely held
electrons (copper)
• Insulators:
materials with
electrons tightly
bound to their
atoms (clay, rubber)
Next Question

68. Waves
 Define a wave.
• A wave is a traveling disturbance that
transfers energy from one place to
another
 Name some types of waves.
• Some types of waves include sound,
seismic, water and light waves.
 Which type does not need matter to
travel?
•Light waves do not need matter to
Next travel
Question

69. Periodic Table Information
 What is the periodic table of elements?
 Identify the part of the element square
Next Question

70. Periodic Table Information
 The table is an organizational table
developed by Mendeleev in 1869.
 Elements are arranged in rows by
increasing atomic number.
 Elements in the same column have
similar chemical properties.
Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information

71. Periodic Table Information
Atomic Number Atomic Mass
1 1.00794
Symbol
H Element
Name
Hydrogen
Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information

72. Changes in Matter
 What is a physical
change in matter? (Give
Examples)
 What is a chemical
change in matter? (Give
Examples)
Next Question

73. Physical Change in Matter
 A change in the phase (state) of
matter.
 Or, a change in which parts do not
lose their identity
 Examples:
• Ice melting to water; sugar dissolving
in water
Next Question Back to Changes in Matter

74. Chemical Change in Matter
 A reaction that causes a change in
the properties of matter.
 It is usually difficult to reverse.
 Examples:
• Spilling bleach on a pair of jeans,
changing the color.
• A stick burning in a campfire.
Next Question Back to Changes in Matter

75. Force, Acceleration, Friction
 Describe how force, acceleration and
mass relate in the action of kicking a
soccer ball.
 What is friction? How does it affect
acceleration of a soccer ball.
Next Question

76. Describe how force, acceleration and mass
relate in the action of kicking a soccer ball.
 F = m*a (Newton’s second law of
motion.
 Force applied to the mass results in
acceleration.
 The greater the force applied to a given
mass, the greater the acceleration.
Therefore, if you kick the soccer ball with
more force, it will speed up faster.
Next Question Back to Force, Acceleration, friction

77. What is friction? How does it affect
acceleration in the action of kicking a soccer
ball?
 Friction is a surface force directly
opposing.
 Friction decreases the speed of a
moving object.
 A soccer ball kicked opposing
relative on the ground will lose
speed faster than a ball kicked in
the air.
Next Question Back to Force, Acceleration, friction

78. Conserving Energy
 What is the law of conservation of en
 Give some examples of conserving
energy resources.
Next Question

79. What is the law of
conservation of energy?
 In any physical or chemical
change, energy is neither created
nor destroyed.
Next Question Back to Conserving Energy

80. Conserving Energy
 Recycling
 Buying fuel-efficient automobiles
 Riding a bike instead of driving
 Insulating buildings
Next Question Back to Conserving Energy

81. Radioactivity
 Define radioactivity
 Give an example of one beneficial use
.
Next Question

82. Define Radioactivity
 Spontaneous release of energy by
certain atoms, such as uranium, as
these atoms disintegrate.
 It is the emission of one or more
kinds of radiation from an isotope
with unstable nuclei
Next Question Back to Radioactivity

83. Beneficial Example of
Radioactivity
 Helps doctors to see the
development of cancer by using
radioactive liquid traveling
throughout the body.
 The radioactive liquid highlights
masses in the body and projects
those masses to an x-ray
Next Question Back to Radioactivity

84. Ozone Layer
 What is the ozone layer and why is it i
 Why are there “holes” in the ozone lay
 What is being done about CFC’s?
Next Question

85. What is the ozone layer?
 The ozone layer is a layer in the
stratosphere that absorbs ultraviolet
rays from the sun
 This keeps most of the life-harming
rays from reaching the Earth’s
surface
Next Question Back to Ozone Layer

86. Why are their holes in the
ozone layer?
 Certain chemicals react with ozone,
destroying it.
 Chlorofluorcarbons (CFC’s) once
used in refrigerators and aerosol
cans were released into the
atmosphere.
 The CFC’s destroyed the ozone layer
creating a “hole” or thin layer –
especially over the Antarctic
Next Question Back to Ozone Layer

87. What is being done about
CFC’s?
 In 1986 the International Congress
in Montreal produced a treaty to
reduce and then ban CFC production
by 1996
Next Question Back to Ozone Layer

88. Scientific Method
 Organize the following 1. Test hypothesis 5
steps to scientifically 2. Plan test with
solve a problem: materials and 4
1. Develop a methods.
hypothesis
3
3. Do background 2
2. Ask a question research
based on 1 4. Report findings
8
observation 5. Record and
3. Draw conclusion 7 analyze data 6
Hit enter to see
Next Question correct sequence!

89. Evolution and Scientists
 The individuals listed below played a
role in the development of
evolutionary theory. Match them
with their concept.
Click to see list
Next Question

90. Evolution and Scientists -
List
The earth is very old, and it was
a) Charles Darwin 1.
formed by gradual processes
b) Jean Baptist 2. Events during an organism’s
lifetime can produce changes that
Lamark can be inherited
c) Charles Lyell 3. The human population was
growing so rapidly that it would
d) Thomas someday exceed available
resources
Malthus 4. Organisms that are best adapted
e) Gregor Mendel to their environment survive
5. Offspring can resemble or differ
from parents because of the “unit
of inheritance (gene).
Next Question Click or hit enter to see matches

91. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

92. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell Wrong
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

93. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell Correct
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

94. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
Correct
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

95. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
Wrong
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

96. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads Wrong
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

97. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads Correct
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

98. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell Correct
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

99. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell Wrong
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained
Next Question

100. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained Wrong
Next Question

101. Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
2. Haploid daughter cell
3. Daughter cells are
identical
4. Homologous chromosomes
form tetrads
5. Two consecutive cell
divisions
6. Chromosome number is
maintained Correct
Next Question

102. Next Question